Potential Impact of Rapid Molecular Microbiologic Diagnosis for Mechanically Ventilated Children in Intensive Care With Suspected Pneumonia.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a leading cause of community-acquired and nosocomial infection in children and a common indication for antimicrobial use and intensive care admission. Determining the causative pathogen for LRTIs is difficult and traditional culture-based methods are labor- and time-intensive. Emerging molecular diagnostic tools may identify pathogens and detect antimicrobial resistance more quickly, to enable earlier targeted antimicrobial therapy.

Risk Factors for Antepartum Haemorrhage in Women With Placenta Praevia.

Background: Placenta praevia (PP) is a significant obstetric complication associated with antepartum haemorrhage (APH) and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Identifying risk factors for APH in women with PP is important for guiding management decisions.

Aims: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with APH amongst women admitted to a single tertiary hospital with PP.

Somatic symptom and related disorders in a tertiary paediatric hospital: Characteristics of ED use prior to admission.

Objectives: Somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) are complex disorders that are commonly encountered in tertiary paediatric settings. Despite this, little is known about ED use prior to hospital admission. We aimed to describe the pattern of ED use in a cohort of children and adolescents who were subsequently admitted to hospital with SSRD and to identify factors associated with ED presentations.

Rethinking the pan scan in stable trauma: A comparison of whole-body computed tomography and selective imaging in clinically stable blunt force trauma.

Objective: To compare the frequency of clinically significant missed injuries in clinically stable trauma patients undergoing initial whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) versus selective imaging. Secondary objectives include comparisons of radiation exposure, incidental findings, ED length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS and mortality.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of trauma activations at a tertiary trauma centre in patients with normal vital signs from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022.

Impact of the XVII Pacific Games on the National Referral Hospital Emergency Department, Solomon Islands.

Background: The XVII Pacific Games was held in Honiara, Solomon Islands in 2023 and was attended by competitors from 24 Pacific nations. The National Referral Hospital (NRH) is the sole tertiary hospital and largest emergency department (ED) in the Solomon Islands, located in the capital city, Honiara, and was the designated referral hospital for the Pacific Games.

Objective: This report documents the lessons learnt from supporting a large international sporting event within a resource-limited health setting, and may help other EDs prepare for similar planned mass gatherings.

Photoinduced Energy/Electron Transfer within Single-Chain Nanoparticles.

We demonstrate that single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) - compact covalently folded single polymer chains - can increase photocatalytic performance of an embedded catalytic center, compared to the comparable catalytic system in free solution. In particular, we demonstrate that the degree of compaction allows to finely tailor the catalytic activity, thus evidencing that molecular confinement is a key factor in controlling photocatalysis. Specifically, we decorate a linear parent polymer with both photoreactive chalcone moieties as well as Ru(bpy)3 catalytic centers.

Femoral nerve palsy following Girdlestone resection arthroplasty: An observational cadaveric study.

Background: When patients with a failed hip arthroplasty are unsuitable for reimplantation, Girdlestone resection arthroplasty (GRA) is a viable treatment option. We report on a patient who was treated with a GRA due to a periprosthetic infection. We discovered partial paralysis of the quadriceps muscle in this patient.

Regulatory gaps in India's medical device framework: The case of Johnson and Johnson's faulty hip implants.

The Johnson and Johnson faulty hip implant case represents one of the most significant crises in medical device history, impacting nearly 93000 patients worldwide. In response to alarming failure rates and a global recall in August 2010, countries such as Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom quickly implemented revision surgeries and reimbursement programs to protect patient safety. In stark contrast, India's response was alarmingly delayed; defective implants continued to be sold even after the global recall.

Gender-based violence among women and girls in conflict-affected areas of Northeast Amhara, Ethiopia.

Background: Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is one of the major problems that women and girls encountered during the conflict between the Ethiopian federal government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). However, there is a gap in evidence regarding gender-based violence resulting from the ongoing conflict in these areas. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of GBV and its contributing factors in the conflict-affected northeastern Amhara region of Ethiopia.

Psychopharmacology of Catatonia: A Tour D'horizon.

Since its first inception by Kahlbaum in relation to schizophrenia, Catatonia syndrome is currently believed to cut across many neuropsychiatric diagnoses. In this focussed review, authors touch briefly on prevalence of catatonia in psychiatric presentations, discuss clinical diagnosis, neurobiology, typology, and conclude with a psychopharmacological algorithm to treatment.

Early Positive Report of Viloxazine for a Child with Hyperkinetic Autism.

Herein, authors report on an ASD child with comorbid ADHD, ID, metabolic syndrome and nocturnal enuresis that failed multiple trials of psychotropic agents for behavioural dyscontrol. Viloxazine adjuventia brought about remarkable improvement spanning different domains. Purported pharmacodynamic mechanisms are briefly discussed.

Isolation of a strain from an Eastern Gray Kangaroo.

Methanogenic archaea are a group of microorganisms found in the gastrointestinal tract of various herbivores and humans; however, the quantity (intensity) of methane emissions during feed digestion varies. Macropodids, such as the Eastern Gray Kangaroo (), are considered to be low methane-emitting animals, but their gut methanogenic archaea remain poorly characterized. Characterizing methanogens from animals with low methane emissions offers the potential to develop strategies and interventions that reduce methane emissions from livestock.

Ultraviolet and infrared radiation in Australia: assessing the benefits, risks, and optimal exposure guidelines.

Despite extensive research, determining the optimal level of sunlight exposure for human health remains a challenge, emphasizing the need for ongoing scientific inquiry into this critical aspect of human well-being. This review aims to elucidate how different components of the solar spectrum, particularly near-infrared (NIR) radiation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) affect human health in diverse ways depending on factors such as time of day and duration of exposure. Sunlight has beneficial effects from the production of melatonin by NIR and vitamin D by UVB.

HPClas: A data-driven approach for identifying halophilic proteins based on catBoost.

Halophilic proteins possess unique structural properties and show high stability under extreme conditions. This distinct characteristic makes them invaluable for application in various aspects such as bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, environmental clean-up, and energy production. Generally, halophilic proteins are discovered and characterized through labor-intensive and time-consuming wet lab experiments.

Investigating the prognostic utility of promoter methylation in prostate cancer.

Objectives: We aim to determine the prognostic significance of DNA methylation () in two independent prostate cancer cohorts with long-term clinical follow-up data.

Subjects/patients And Methods: We first re-examined a published, in-house whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) prostate cancer dataset, derived from radical prostatectomy (RP) tissue ( = 15) with median follow-up 19.5 years, to confirm and visualise the association between and patient mortality.

Quantity of spontaneous touches to body and surface in very preterm and healthy term infants.

Background: Spontaneous movements are a crucial part of early motor development. Healthy term infants may produce up to 200 spontaneous touches to their body and surface in 10 minutes with their hands. The existing literature shows differences in early motor development between very preterm (<32 weeks gestation) and healthy term infants.

Potential influence of different peri-operative analgesic regimens on tumour biology and outcome after oncologic surgery: A narrative review.

The management of peri-operative pain is one of the pillars of anaesthesia and is of particular importance in patients undergoing surgery for solid malignant tumours. Amongst several options, the most commonly employed analgesic regimens involve opioids, NSAIDs and regional anaesthesia techniques with different local anaesthetics. In recent years, several research reports have tried to establish a connection between peri-operative anaesthesia care and outcome after cancer surgery.

Topological Insulator Heterojunction with Electric Dipole Domain to Boost Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The heterojunction materials are considered as promising electrocatalyst candidates that empower advanced lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, the detailed functional mechanism of heterojunction materials to boost the sulfur redox reaction kinetics remains unclear. Herein, we construct a multifunctional potential well-type Bi2Te3/TiO2 topological insulator (TI) heterojunction with electric dipole domain to elucidate the synergistic mechanism, which facilitates rapid mass transport, strengthens polysulfide capture ability and accelerates polysulfide conversion.

The Trojan horse of historical myths: Emotion-driven narratives as a strategy for coalitional recruitment.

Sijilmassi et al. offer a cognitive account of historical myths, which they present as a cognitive technology designed to recruit coalitional support. We argue this account is incomplete, and that a comprehensive explanation of historical myths must include a central role for human emotions.

Adaptive lags, illusions and common interest.

The explanatory model proposed by Sijilmassi et al. appeals to fitness interdependence, and is highly plausible for small-scale societies. We argue that it is less so in the context of the larger societies that much of their empirical evidence is drawn from, and that this is because fitness interdependence does not readily scale up in the way the model requires.

Streamlining Global Germplasm Exchange: Integrating Scientific Rigor and Common Sense to Exclude Phantom Agents from Regulation.

This collaborative work by over 180 researchers from 40+ countries addresses the challenges posed by "phantom agents"-putative pathogenic agents named in literature without supporting data on their existence. Those agents remain on regulatory lists, creating barriers in trade and plant certification. Historically identified based solely on symptoms, these agents lack isolates or sequence data, making reliable detection or risk assessment impossible.