A 3-dimensional comparative assessment of the dentoskeletal effects of clear aligners vs temporary skeletal anchorage device-assisted posterior intrusion in adolescents with anterior open bite: A single-center, retrospective, cohort study.

Introduction: The dentoskeletal effects of clear aligner treatment (CAT) with Invisalign vs temporary skeletal anchorage device-anchored Sydney intrusion spring (SIS) were compared in consecutively treated growing patients with anterior open bite using cone-beam computed tomography scans.

Methods: Fifteen adolescents treated exclusively with Invisalign, and 14 with SIS (first-phase treatment) were assessed retrospectively. Rigid-wise, voxel-based registration of pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans were performed using the anterior cranial base, maxillary plane, and mandibular body as reference regions.

Gene Polymorphisms in Greek Primary Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct clinical subtypes, categorized by hormone receptor status, which exhibits different prognoses and requires personalized treatment approaches. These subtypes included luminal A and luminal B, which have different prognoses. Breast cancer development and progression involve many factors, including interferon-gamma ().

A Collection of Useful Nuisance Compounds (CONS) for Interrogation of Bioassay Integrity.

High-throughput screening (HTS) is a crucial technique for identifying potential hits to fuel drug discovery pipelines. However, this process naturally concentrates nuisance compounds that are not optimizable yet signal positively in a convincing manner. To be able to understand what types of nuisance compounds a particular assay is sensitive to, would be of great utility in being able to prioritize progressable over nonprogressable screening hits.

Role of NaCO as Nucleation Seeds to Accelerate the CO Uptake Kinetics of MgO-Based Sorbents.

There is an urgent need for inexpensive, functional materials that can capture and release CO under industrial conditions. In this context, MgO is a highly promising, earth-abundant CO sorbent. However, despite its favorable carbonation thermodynamics and potential for high gravimetric CO uptakes, MgO-based CO sorbents feature slow carbonation kinetics, limiting their CO uptake during typical industrial contact times.

Challenges to Students' Learning and Wellbeing During Placement Abroad: A Qualitative Study Using Rich Pictures.

Introduction: Undergraduate healthcare students on placement abroad can experience challenges that affect their wellbeing, personal and professional development. These challenges may result in students taking a more peripheral role in workplace activities, which negatively impacts learning. We studied .

Enhancing Reflective Practice Using Prompts in Online Submission of Case Reports (OSCAR): An Exploratory Study Among Medical Students in Rural Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships.

Introduction: Medical students learn to reflect to gain new insights into self and practice; however, allowing for reflection within a busy curriculum is challenging. In this study we embedded reflective writing prompts (RWP) into an existing assessment item, Online Submission of Case Reports (OSCAR), to investigate whether this minimalistic scaffolding intervention could develop students' reflective capacity and increase their exposure to rural social determinants of health.

Methods: This study is framed by ontological realism and informed by an interpretivist stance.

Differences in smoking cessation behaviors and vaping status among adult daily smokers with and without depression, anxiety, and alcohol use: Findings from the 2018 and 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Surveys.

This study examined differences in quit attempts, 1-month quit success, and vaping status at follow-up among a cohort of 3709 daily smokers with and without depression, anxiety, and regular alcohol use who participated in both the 2018 and 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Surveys. At baseline, a survey with validated screening tools was used to classify respondents as having no, or one or more of the following: 1) depression, 2) anxiety, and 3) regular alcohol use. Multivariable adjusted regression analyses were used to examine whether baseline (2018) self-report conditions were associated with quit attempts; quit success; and vaping status by follow-up (2020).

Commercialisation fears and preferred forms of governance: a mixed methods investigation to identify a trusted Australian genomics repository.

This study aimed to identify operating conditions and governance mechanisms that would help to facilitate trust in, and willingness to donate to, a hypothetical Australian national genomic repository for health research where commercial use of data is permitted. Semi-structured telephone interviews with members of the Australian public ( = 39) clarified perceived risks and preferred repository conditions. These insights were subsequently tested experimentally in a national sample ( = 1,117).

A high-resolution in situ X-ray diffraction study of mineral transitions due to post-hydration heating in CM chondrite meteorites.

Abstract: The effects of post-hydration heating over a broad range of temperatures are evident in many Mighei-like carbonaceous (CM) chondrites as a variety of mineral transitions. To better understand these processes and how a CM chondrite's starting composition may have affected them, we experimentally heated two meteorites with different degrees of aqueous alteration, Allan Hills 83100 and Murchison, at 25 °C temperature steps from 200 °C to 950 °C and 300 °C to 750 °C, respectively. During heating, synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction patterns were collected.

Predicting an individual's functional connectivity from their structural connectome: Evaluation of evidence, recommendations, and future prospects.

Several recent studies have optimized deep neural networks to learn high-dimensional relationships linking structural and functional connectivity across the human connectome. However, the extent to which these models recapitulate individual-specific characteristics of resting-state functional brain networks remains unclear. A core concern relates to whether current individual predictions outperform simple benchmarks such as group averages and null conditions.

A generative model of the connectome with dynamic axon growth.

Connectome generative models, otherwise known as generative network models, provide insight into the wiring principles underpinning brain network organization. While these models can approximate numerous statistical properties of empirical networks, they typically fail to explicitly characterize an important contributor to brain organization-axonal growth. Emulating the chemoaffinity-guided axonal growth, we provide a novel generative model in which axons dynamically steer the direction of propagation based on distance-dependent chemoattractive forces acting on their growth cones.

Chlorine Dioxide Dry Gas: A Promising Solution for Effective Decontamination of Cephalosporin Compounds.

Introduction: Cephalosporins can trigger hypersensitivity reactions in certain individuals. Consequently, strict regulations restrict the production of non-beta-lactam substances during or after cephalosporin manufacturing. Dry chlorine dioxide gas (dClO), together with ultra-performance liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detection methods, has emerged as a promising method for decontaminating cephalosporin compounds.

Estradiol Concentrations and Wellbeing in Trans People Using Estradiol Hormone Therapy.

Purpose: In trans people undergoing feminizing hormone therapy, optimal estradiol concentrations are unclear, and anecdotally, some individuals desire supraphysiologic estradiol concentrations. We aimed to assess associations between estradiol concentration and psychological distress, well-being, and dysphoria. Second, we aimed to explore relationships between estradiol concentration and the risk of medical conditions potentially associated with estradiol therapy.

Hydrophilic Ethylene Glycol Fragments: A Determinant Affecting the Therapeutic Index of Paclitaxel Prodrug Nanoassemblies.

Prodrug-based nanoassemblies are promising platforms for cancer therapy. Prodrugs typically consist of three main components: drug modules, intelligent response modules, and modification modules. However, the available modification modules are usually hydrophobic aliphatic side chains, which affect the activation efficiency of the prodrugs.

Sleep discrepancy and brain glucose metabolism in community-dwelling older adults.

Sleep discrepancy (negative discrepancy reflects worse self-reported sleep than objective measures, such as actigraphy, and positive discrepancy the opposite) has been linked to adverse health outcomes. This study is first to investigate the relationship between sleep discrepancy and brain glucose metabolism (assessed globally and regionally via positron emission tomography), and to evaluate the contribution of insomnia severity and depressive symptoms to any associations. Using data from cognitively unimpaired community-dwelling older adults ( = 68), cluster analysis was used to characterise sleep discrepancy (for total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE)), and logistic regression was used to explore sleep discrepancy's associations with brain glucose metabolism, while controlling for insomnia severity and depressive symptoms.

Evaluation of Energy Utilisation Efficiencies of Digestible Macronutrients in Juvenile Malabar Snapper () Reveals High Protein Requirement for Optimal Growth Using Both Factorial and Multifactorial Approaches.

Malabar snapper () is an economically important marine fish throughout the Indo-Pacific, with an emerging aquaculture industry. Although generic marine feeds are available for production, these are not optimised for this species. Understanding energy utilisation and balance can provide insight into suitable macronutrient profiles for new species to provide a baseline for future development.

Shining a spotlight on youth involvement in mental health research: Challenges and innovations.

Despite progress in youth involvement in mental health research, considerable gaps remain in our understanding, conceptualisation, and implementation of involving children and young people in this field. This Editorial Perspective reflects on how these gaps present challenges to our research practices and often serve as barriers to meaningfully involving youth voices and experiences into the research process. We take a critical perspective to recent advances in the field of youth involvement in mental health research, reflected by the studies included in this special issue, and highlight examples of good practice paving the way for more equitable and inclusive approaches.

The Attitudes Toward Polypharmacy and Willingness to Deprescribe Among Patients with Multimorbidity in Rural Areas of Shandong Province in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Multimorbidity and polypharmacy have emerged as significant global issues, heightening the risks of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This necessitates medication optimization through deprescribing. Understanding patients' decision-making preferences regarding medication cessation is crucial for mitigating medication-related risks.

Bone Ingrowth Simulation Within the Hexanoid, a Novel Scaffold Design.

The utilization of bone scaffold implants represents a promising approach for repairing substantial bone defects. In recent years, various traditional scaffold structures have been developed and, with advances in materials biology and computer technology, novel scaffold designs are now being evaluated. This study investigated the effects of a novel scaffold unit cell design (Hexanoid) through a computational framework, comparing its performance to that of four well-known scaffold designs.

Corrigendum to "Retrospective review of seven patients with obesity simultaneously treated with a combination of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and a meal replacement product" [Obesity Pillars 12C (2024) 100138].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.

No evidence for phenotypic condition-dependent ejaculate allocation in response to sperm competition in a seed beetle.

Sperm competition is known to favor the evolution of male traits that confer an advantage in gaining fertilizations when females mate multiply. Ejaculate production can be costly and the strategic allocation of sperm in relation to the sperm competition environment is a taxonomically widespread phenomenon. However, variation among males in their ability to adjust ejaculate allocation has rarely been explored.

Acute aortic occlusion: A point-of-care ultrasound case report.

Introduction: Acute aortic occlusion (AAO) is a rare vascular emergency with significant associated morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This case report discusses a 39-year-old gentleman with methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy (MACM) who presented with bilateral lower limb ischaemia. A POCUS was performed to rapidly evaluate the patient on arrival, which demonstrated AAO.

Ultrasound transducer disinfection for percutaneous procedures: A review of the evidence supporting guideline recommendations.

Introduction/purpose: There are varying international recommendations regarding the minimum level of disinfection required for ultrasound transducers used in percutaneous procedures. While some guidelines recommend high-level disinfection (HLD), others question the additional benefit this delivers over low-level disinfection (LLD).

Methods: This narrative review identifies current guidelines and evaluates the evidence used to support disinfection recommendations for ultrasound transducers used in percutaneous procedures.