915,486 results match your criteria: "Australia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research CIFAR[Affiliation]"

This paper investigates the impact of treatment with chemical solutions of varying pH values on the micro-macroscopic damage in coal samples under load, employing a combination of Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) experiments and uniaxial compression tests. The experimental results show that soaking coal samples in NaOH, HCl, and distilled water for 7 days leads to reductions in uniaxial compressive strength by 39.19%, 47.

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Consumer experiences of emergency department pre-triage waiting period: A mixed-methods study.

Australas Emerg Care

January 2025

Eastern Health Emergency Medicine Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Emergency department pre-triage waiting periods have received limited attention. We aimed to explore the pre-triage experiences and perspectives of consumers attending emergency departments.

Methods: This mixed-methods cross-sectional study included 92 participants (patients, carers, and guardians) who attended one of three public hospital emergency departments in metropolitan Melbourne (Victoria, Australia).

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Background: Uncertainty about optimal tranexamic acid (TXA) dosage has led to significant practice variation in hip arthroplasty. We aimed to identify the optimal i.v.

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Background And Objective: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as any involuntary leakage of urine associated with physical activity, remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of SUI in women, drawing upon recent evidence-based literature and clinical guidelines.

Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE database was conducted to identify only the most up-to-date and relevant studies published up to February 26, 2024, including the reference ESTER systematic review.

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Assessing paediatric blood culture quality: surveys of clinician and laboratory practices in Australia and New Zealand.

Pathology

December 2024

Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Paediatric blood cultures are vital for the diagnosis of paediatric bloodstream infections. Quality of paediatric blood culture collection, processing and reporting depend on multiple factors, with a paucity of literature describing these in practice. We conducted separate surveys of clinicians and laboratory staff to assess quality standards and knowledge related to paediatric blood culture collection, analysis, and interpretation to identify improvement opportunities.

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Minimal change disease following autologous stem cell transplant for Hodgkin lymphoma.

BMJ Case Rep

January 2025

Department of Haematology, Northern Health, Epping, Victoria, Australia.

Nephrotic syndrome is characterised by heavy proteinuria secondary to glomerular injury. It is an uncommon but serious complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), but rarely reported after autologous HSCT. Here, we report the case of a man in his mid-20s who presented with significant peripheral oedema 2 months after autologous HSCT for Hodgkin lymphoma.

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Computational nuclear oncology for precision radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is a new frontier for theranostic treatment personalization. A key strategy relies on the possibility to incorporate clinical, biomarker, image-based, and dosimetric information in theranostic digital twins (TDTs) of patients to move beyond a one-size-fits-all approach. The TDT framework enables treatment optimization by real-time monitoring of the real-world system, simulation of different treatment scenarios, and prediction of resulting treatment outcomes, as well as facilitating collaboration and knowledge sharing among health care professionals adopting a harmonized TDT.

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Do the Cil/Dex/H-Dot nanoparticles possess potential anti-inflammatory effects?

Kidney Int

February 2025

Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address:

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KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation, management, and treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): executive summary.

Kidney Int

February 2025

Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address:

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2025 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation, Management, and Treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) represents the first KDIGO guideline on this subject. Its scope includes nomenclature, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevalence; kidney manifestations; chronic kidney disease (CKD) management and progression, kidney failure, and kidney replacement therapy; therapies to delay progression of kidney disease; polycystic liver disease; intracranial aneurysms and other extrarenal manifestations; lifestyle and psychosocial aspects; pregnancy and reproductive issues; pediatric issues; and approaches to the management of people with ADPKD. The guideline has been developed with patient partners, clinicians, and researchers around the world, with the goal to generate a useful resource for healthcare providers and patients by providing actionable recommendations.

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Background: Whether bridging thrombolysis with tenecteplase is beneficial compared with thrombectomy alone in patients who had a stroke with large-vessel occlusion remains unclear.

Methods: This is a causal inference study of observational data from the trials SWIFT DIRECT and EXTEND-IA TNK Parts 1 and 2 applying target trial emulation. We compared patients receiving thrombectomy alone to patients receiving tenecteplase 0.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered public perceptions of vaccines, particularly among parents. In high-income countries like the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia, factors such as misinformation, the expedited approval process of COVID-19 vaccines and unique local challenges have contributed to vaccine hesitancy, resulting in uneven uptake across various vaccination programs. Despite efforts like school-based influenza vaccination programs in the UK and free influenza vaccines in Australia, vaccination rates continue to decline.

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Introduction: This in vitro study assessed how shade changes induced by endodontic medicaments affect the transmission of single and multiples wavelengths of infrared light through enamel and dentin.

Methods: Eighteen extracted single-rooted permanent teeth were prepared, removing all extrinsic staining, and cementum. Tooth slices were treated for 4 weeks with UltraCal™ XS, Ledermix™, or were untreated controls.

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Long-term Mental Health Morbidity in Adult Survivors of COVID-19 Critical Illness - A Population-based Cohort Study.

Chest

January 2025

Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Background: Survivorship after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critical illness may be associated with important long-term sequelae, but little is known regarding mental health outcomes.

Research Question: What is the association between COVID-19 critical illness and new post-discharge mental health diagnoses.

Study Design: AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada (January 1, 2020-March 31, 2022).

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Gut dysbiosis as a driver of neuroinflammation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of current evidence.

Neuroscience

January 2025

Thompson Brain and Mind Healthcare, Eccles Blvd, Birtinya QLD, 4575, Australia. Electronic address:

There is mounting evidence for the involvement of the immune system, neuroinflammation and disturbed gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, in attentive-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Gut dysbiosis is strongly implicated in many physical, autoimmune, neurological, and neuropsychiatric conditions, however knowledge of its particular pathogenic role in ADHD is sparse. As such, this narrative review examines and synthesizes the available evidence related to inflammation, dysbiosis, and neural processes in ADHD.

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Fluorescence lifetime imaging in drug delivery research.

Adv Drug Deliv Rev

January 2025

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia; School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340, Sochi, Russia; National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Mordovia Republic 430005, Russia.

Once an exotic add-on to fluorescence microscopy for life science research, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) has become a powerful and increasingly utilised technique owing to its self-calibration nature, which affords superior quantification over conventional steady-state fluorescence imaging. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art implementation of FLIm related to the formulation, release, dosage, and mechanism of action of drugs aimed for innovative diagnostics and therapy. Quantitative measurements using FLIm have appeared instrumental for encapsulated drug delivery design, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, pathological investigations, early disease diagnosis, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

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Investigating the Relative Importance of Tear Homeostatic Signs for the Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease.

Ocul Surf

January 2025

Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.

Aim: Disease misdiagnosis is more likely if standardised diagnostic criteria are not used. This study systematically examined the effect on diagnosing dry eye disease (DED), when tests for evaluating tear film homeostasis were included/excluded from a multi-test protocol.

Method: For 1427 participants across five sites, data for the full suite of diagnostic tests defined in the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) Diagnostic Methodology report algorithm were evaluated; diagnostic sensitivity was calculated when individual signs were removed, and when different combinations of signs were required.

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Targeting GSDMD JX06 inhibits PANoptosis and multiple organ injury.

Biochem Pharmacol

January 2025

Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 PR China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 PR China. Electronic address:

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the major cause of mortality of patients in intensive care units. The elusive mechanisms of tissue damage in MODS and limited therapeutic options encourage us to seek effective therapies to MODS. PANoptosis has recently been proven to be the key player in both heat stress and sepsis-mediated MODS.

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For >15 years, researchers have speculated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use is associated with negative romantic love outcomes. No one has empirically investigated this, however. Drawing on 810 participants from the Romantic Love Survey 2022, we used binary logistic regression to identify differences between young adults experiencing romantic love who were and were not taking SSRIs.

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Gender-Equity Model for Liver Allocation using Artificial Intelligence (GEMA-AI) for waiting list liver transplant prioritization.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

January 2025

Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Albert Einstein Building. Ctra. N-IV, Km. 396. 14071, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain. Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, Poniente Sur, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.

Background & Aims: We aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence score (GEMA-AI) to predict liver transplant (LT) waiting list outcomes using the same input variables contained in existing models.

Methods: Cohort study including adult LT candidates enlisted in the United Kingdom (2010-2020) for model training and internal validation, and in Australia (1998-2020) for external validation. GEMA-AI combined international normalized ratio, bilirubin, sodium, and the Royal Free Glomerular Filtration Rate in an explainable Artificial Neural Network.

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Sex differences exist in acute kidney injury (AKI), and the role that sex and gender play along the AKI care continuum remains unclear. The 33 Acute Disease Quality Initiative meeting evaluated available data on the role of sex and gender in AKI and identified knowledge gaps. Data from experimental models, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical care, gender, social determinants of health, education, and advocacy were reviewed.

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A health economic evaluation of the multinational, randomized controlled CONVINCE trial - cost-utility of high-dose online hemodiafiltration compared to high-flux hemodialysis.

Kidney Int

January 2025

Department of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

High-flux hemodialysis (HD) and high-dose hemodiafiltration (HDF) are established treatments for patients with kidney failure. Since HDF has been associated with improved survival rates compared to HD, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of HDF compared to HD. Cost-utility analyses were performed from a societal perspective alongside the multinational randomized controlled CONVINCE trial.

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Genetic, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the cotton yellow anther trait.

Int J Biol Macromol

January 2025

Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China. Electronic address:

In the fiber industry, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important crop. One of the most important morphology traits of plants is the color of the anthers, is closely related to pollen fertility and stress resistance.

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Cellulose nanocrystal-based synthetic biodegradable biopolymeric composites: A comprehensive review on recent progress.

Int J Biol Macromol

January 2025

Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 26, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.

With the worldwide transformation to a circular and low-carbon economy, the demand for sustainable materials has skyrocketed in recent years. Of various methods, sustainable and biodegradable biopolymers derived from renewable bioresources have received significant interest. Synthetic biodegradable biopolymers offer tremendous advantages over natural biodegradable biopolymers due to their stability, flexibility, and a wide range of achievable properties to fit several applications.

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