Cardiovascular preventive service access challenges among African immigrants: a discussion paper.

This paper highlights cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive access challenges and potential intervention strategies that address cardiovascular preventive service access gaps among African immigrants living in developed countries. Migration, coupled with changes in dietary habits, socio-economic factors, and cultural adjustments, contributes to a heightened risk of CVD among African immigrants. This risk is compounded by a lack of targeted preventive interventions and culturally tailored programmes, as well as challenges related to language barriers, health literacy, and digital literacy.

Association between response time and time from emergency medical service contact with the patient to hospital arrival as well as survival and neurological outcomes in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objectives: In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), prehospital time is crucial and can be divided into response time, from emergency call to emergency medical service (EMS) contact, and time from EMS contact to hospital arrival. To improve prehospital strategies for pediatric OHCA, it is essential to understand the association between these time intervals and patient outcomes; however, detailed investigations are lacking. The current study aimed to examine the association between response time and time from EMS contact to hospital arrival as well as survival and neurological outcomes in pediatric OHCA.

Torsion-Vibration Interactions in S and S Phenylsilane.

We report the results of a study of the interaction between torsion and the low frequency out-of-plane silyl wag vibration in the ground, S, and excited, S, electronic states of phenylsilane. These studies follow the observation of interactions between methyl torsion and the out-of-plane methyl wagging vibration in toluene, several fluoro-substituted toluenes and -methylpyrrole. The interaction leads to various spectroscopic constants becoming divorced from their usual physical meaning.

Deep Learning Superresolution for Simultaneous Multislice Parallel Imaging-Accelerated Knee MRI Using Arthroscopy Validation.

Background Deep learning (DL) methods can improve accelerated MRI but require validation against an independent reference standard to ensure robustness and accuracy. Purpose To validate the diagnostic performance of twofold-simultaneous-multislice (SMSx2) twofold-parallel-imaging (PIx2)-accelerated DL superresolution MRI in the knee against conventional SMSx2-PIx2-accelerated MRI using arthroscopy as the reference standard. Materials and Methods Adults with painful knee conditions were prospectively enrolled from December 2021 to October 2022.

Larsucosterol for the Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis.

Background: Larsucosterol is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in development for alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a disease for which there is no approved therapy.

Methods: In this phase 2b trial, patients with severe AH were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive 30 mg or 90 mg of larsucosterol or placebo; a second dose was administered after 72 hours if the patient remained hospitalized. All patients received supportive care as determined by investigators.

Comparison of different microbiome analysis pipelines to validate their reproducibility of gastric mucosal microbiome composition.

Microbiome analysis has become a crucial tool for basic and translational research due to its potential for translation into clinical practice. However, there is ongoing controversy regarding the comparability of different bioinformatic analysis platforms and a lack of recognized standards, which might have an impact on the translational potential of results. This study investigates how the performance of different microbiome analysis platforms impacts the final results of mucosal microbiome signatures.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Culturally Adapted Dementia Prevention Animation on Ethnically Diverse participants' Knowledge of Dementia Prevention.

Objectives: To determine whether culturally adapted dementia prevention animations increased dementia prevention knowledge in ethnically diverse communities.

Methods: A before-and after survey conducted online and in-person between 1 February and 5 June 2022. Participants viewed the animation in Arabic, Hindi, Tamil, Cantonese, Mandarin, Greek, Italian, Spanish, Vietnamese or English.

Investigation of Immunoreactivity Profiles and Epitope Landscape in Divergent COVID-19 Trajectories and SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

This study aimed to elucidate the complexity of the humoral immune response in COVID-19 patients with varying disease trajectories using a SARS-CoV-2 whole proteome peptide microarray chip. The microarray, containing 5347 peptides spanning the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome and key variants of concern, was used to analyze IgG responses in 10 severe-to-recovered, 9 nonsevere-to-severe cases, and 10 control case (5 pre-pandemic and 5 SARS-CoV-2-negative) plasma samples. We identified 1151 IgG-reactive peptides corresponding to 647 epitopes, with 207 peptides being cross-reactive across 124 epitopes.

Agency in young people's unsafe abortion trajectories in Papua New Guinea.

Unsafe abortion is a preventable contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly for young unmarried women in low resource settings. In Papua New Guinea, abortion is legally restricted and highly stigmatised, limiting access to safe abortion and post-abortion care, resulting in unsafe abortion. This paper explores young people's lived experiences and agency in relation to unsafe abortion.

Enhancing cognitive accessibility in assessments for children with neurodisability: development and implementation of an adaptation tracking questionnaire.

Purpose: The range of impairments in children with neurodisability (ND) complicates data collection, yet individualising materials and procedures could enable more children to self-report. This study introduces the Cognitive Accessibility Tracking Questionnaire (CATQ), designed to monitor changes enhancing accessibility ("adaptations") in interview-administered patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The CATQ is used in a longitudinal study of mental health and participation in children with ND investigating adaptation use and its utility in assessing the risk of bias introduced by these adaptations.

Categorising reported errors and incidents from morbidity and mortality meetings (M&Ms) in a small animal multi-specialty veterinary teaching hospital.

Background: Errors in veterinary clinical settings can lead to patient harm. Morbidity and mortality meetings (M&Ms) are forums to discuss errors and incidents that can lead or have led to adverse outcomes, potential harm or unsafe conditions, with the purpose of improving patient safety in future. Despite growing implementation of M&Ms in veterinary medicine, their effectiveness in improving future patient safety may be constrained by the need for absolute confidentiality during meetings.

Educational or Behavioural Interventions to Improve Long-Term Haemodialysis Vascular Access Self-Management: A Systematic Review.

Background: Globally, haemodialysis is the most frequent type of kidney replacement therapy and necessitates access to the bloodstream either through a native arteriovenous fistula, arteriovenous graft or central venous catheter. Vascular access complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults receiving haemodialysis, and effective vascular access self-management is required.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of educational or behavioural interventions designed to improve self-management of long-term vascular access in adults receiving haemodialysis.

A Community-Led Approach to Understanding How Service Providers Can Support 'Ageing well' for Older Aboriginal People in Australia.

Supporting older people to age well is a global policy priority, however the development and implementation of strategies to support ageing well for older Aboriginal people must be determined by the communities affected. This is necessary in colonial contexts, where socio-political structures impinge on Aboriginal rights and mainstream policy and practice creates and maintains health and social inequities. This article reports on research conducted in partnership with the Dharriwaa Elders Group, an Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisation.

Co-Producing Peritoneal Dialysis Nursing Sensitive Indicators for Quality Care: A Multinational Consensus Building Design.

Background: Nursing sensitive indicators are a way of measuring aspects of patient care that are most affected by the actions of the nurse. Despite the existence of nursing sensitive indicators, these are largely not suitable to measure peritoneal dialysis nursing practice.

Objective: This project aimed to co-develop a set of peritoneal dialysis nursing-sensitive indicators.

Epidemiology of Cancer in the Fiji Islands: 2010 to 2018.

Cancer is a global public health concern with increasing incidence and mortality rates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). Among the PICTs, Fiji faces a growing burden of cancer. This study aimed to analyze cancer incidence and mortality data in Fiji from 2010 to 2018 to identify trends and provide an update on the current cancer-related statistics in the Fiji Islands.

Blood culture isolates and antimicrobial sensitivities from 1621 critically ill neonatal foals (2005-2022).

Introduction: Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal foals. Administration of appropriate antimicrobials and early aggressive supportive treatment is central to the efficacious treatment of neonatal sepsis and has proven to positively influence outcomes. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate microorganism results and antimicrobial sensitivities of neonatal foals with a positive blood culture submitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) during 2005-2022.

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

Dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation for procedural pain or discomfort in newborn infants.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of dexmedetomidine compared with opioids, non-opioids and placebo in providing sedation and analgesia for procedural pain in newborn infants.

A review of international clinical guidelines that inform the use of assistive technology to support adults living with progressive or complex conditions.

Methods: A published review protocol guided searches of four electronic databases and 11 CPG portals. CPGs published between January 2012 and September 2023 in English for adults with progressive or complex conditions were included. Recommendations were catalogued according to: author, year and country of publication; grading of recommendations made; number of recommendations made overall and number pertaining to AT; target condition and/or population; age group/s recommendations related to (if specified); type of AT (categorised into "cognition", "communication", "vision", "hearing", "self-care", "mobility", "combination" or "other"); target professions to apply recommendations; evidence grading; and reference to supporting evidence.

Vaccinating Adolescents With Intellectual and Developmental Disability at School: An Opportunity to Promote Supported Decision Making.

Internationally, vaccination rates among adolescents with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) are lower than those of the general population. Little research has addressed this issue. This study investigates the experiences of vaccinating adolescents with IDD in special education settings in Australia, with a focus on student engagement.

Overweight yet Undernourished: A Common Juxtaposition in the Specialist Diabetes Foot Service.

Aims: To describe the nutritional status of people with diabetes-related foot complications and explore the association between nutrition and ulceration healing.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included attendees of a diabetes foot service who completed a dietary questionnaire. Diet was compared to guideline recommendations and biochemical measures were recorded.

TP53 Mutations in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Context-Dependent Evaluation of Prognostic Relevance.

The clinical relevance of TP53 mutations (TP53) in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and their prognostic interaction with MPN subtype designation has not been systematically studied. In the current study, 114 patients with MPN harboring TP53 (VAF ≥ 2%) were evaluated for overall survival (OS), calculated from the time of TP53 detection: chronic phase myelofibrosis (MF-CP; N = 61); blast-phase (MPN-BP; N = 31) or accelerated-phase (MPN-AP; N = 16) MPN, and polycythemia vera/essential thrombocythemia (PV/ET; N = 6). Sixty-five (57%) patients harbored International Consensus Classification (ICC)-defined multihit TP53 and 56 (49%) monosomal/complex karyotype (MK/CK).

Subventricular Accumulation of Cu in the Aging Mouse Brain Does Not Associate with Anticipated Increases in Markers of Oxidative Stress.

Natural aging is associated with mild memory loss and cognitive decline, and age is the greatest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. There is substantial evidence that oxidative stress is a major contributor to both natural aging and neurodegenerative disease, and coincidently, levels of redox active metals such as Fe and Cu are known to be elevated later in life. Recently, a pronounced age-related increase in Cu content has been reported to occur in mice and rats around a vital regulatory brain region, the subventricular zone of lateral ventricles.

Generalized Stomatal Optimization of Evolutionary Fitness Proxies for Predicting Plant Gas Exchange Under Drought, Heatwaves, and Elevated CO.

Stomata control plant water loss and photosynthetic carbon gain. Developing more generalized and accurate stomatal models is essential for earth system models and predicting responses under novel environmental conditions associated with global change. Plant optimality theories offer one promising approach, but most such theories assume that stomatal conductance maximizes photosynthetic net carbon assimilation subject to some cost or constraint of water.

Nanostructure engineering for ferroelectric photovoltaics.

Ferroelectric photovoltaics have attracted increasing attention since their discovery in the 1970s, due to their above-bandgap photovoltage and polarized-light-dependent photocurrent. However, their practical applications have been limited by their weak visible light absorption and low photoconductivity. Intrinsic modification of the material, such as bandgap tuning through chemical doping, has proven effective, but usually leads to the degradation of ferroelectricity.