Half of land use carbon emissions in Southeast Asia can be mitigated through peat swamp forest and mangrove conservation and restoration.

Southeast Asia (SEA) contributes approximately one-third of global land-use change carbon emissions, a substantial yet highly uncertain part of which is from anthropogenically-modified peat swamp forests (PSFs) and mangroves. Here, we report that between 2001-2022 land-use change impacting PSFs and mangroves in SEA generate approximately 691.8±97.

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and the Courts: How England and Wales Could Benefit From Following an Australian Model.

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a set of symptoms and signs that may follow from exposure of the unborn child to alcohol during pregnancy. Characterised by cognitive and behavioural impairments, one secondary outcome from FASD, is encounters with the criminal justice system (CJS). In some countries, for example, England and Wales, it seems likely that many cases are missed at this point and, thus, courts are at risk of making unsafe judgements.

Association between enteral carboxymethyllysine intake and daily glycemic variability in critically ill adults: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) can enter patients' circulation through exogenous sources, such as enteral nutrition formulae. Circulating AGEs, specifically carboxymethyllysine, can promote insulin resistance and activation of pro-inflammatory pathways leading to oxidative stress, cell death, and organ failure. Suboptimal kidney function increases the risk of elevated circulating AGEs because levels are controlled through urinary excretion.

Vancomycin Dosing in Patients on Intermittent Hemodialysis-A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of therapeutic target attainment using a three-times per week protocol for vancomycin therapy given during the last hour of intermittent hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted of patient medical records in a remote dialysis center from January 2017 to July 2023. Adult patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 on ≥3 months of intermittent HD who had received a course of vancomycin therapy with ≥1 serum vancomycin concentration recorded were included.

How unprofessional behaviors between healthcare staff threaten patient care and safety.

Introduction: Unprofessional behaviors (UB) such as bullying and incivility among healthcare staff are a significant and pervasive issue, impacting staff wellbeing, and patient safety and experiences of care. Despite its prevalence, misconceptions persist regarding the impact of UB and the mechanisms through which it affects patients.

Areas Covered: We draw upon evidence including outcomes from an extensive realist review and empirical research, to demonstrate impacts of UB on patient safety and experience, particularly focusing on how even mild forms of incivility can compromise care quality.

Unravelling phylogenetic relationships within the genus Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae) through genome-assisted and de novo analyses of RAD-seq data.

Lispe represents a species-rich genus within the family Muscidae. The current subdivision of Lispe species into species groups is based mainly on adult morphology and ecology, with the only available phylogenetic study based on three molecular markers. Nonetheless, certain species groups remain unclear and the relationships and composition of these groups are still unresolved.

Experimental measurements of particle deposition in the human nasal airway.

Intranasal drug delivery is a promising non-invasive method for administering both local and systemic medications. While previous studies have extensively investigated the effects of particle size, airflow dynamics, and deposition locations on deposition efficiency, they have not focused on the thickness of deposited particles, which can significantly affect drug dissolution, absorption and therapeutic efficacy. This study investigates the deposition patterns of dry powder particles within the nasal airway, specifically examining how factors such as flow rates, particle size, and particle cohesiveness influence deposition patterns and their thickness.

Sodium bisulfite boosted exopolysaccharide production by Auxenochlorella protothecoides: Potential mechanisms harnessing HO signaling and carbon reallocation.

Microalgal exopolysaccharides (EPS) possess significant functional benefits across various industrial sectors, but their commercial feasibility is constrained by inefficient synthesis and poorly understood synthesis mechanisms. This study found that 1.25 mmol/L sodium bisulfite promoted EPS accumulation to 224.

The Global Prevalence of Reported Penicillin Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Patients labelled with penicillin allergy (PenA) often receive broader spectrum antibiotics, associated with antimicrobial resistance and poorer outcomes. However, ~95% of patients are likely mis-labelled. Whilst de-labelling programmes are gaining momentum, they have been restricted to a few countries.

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab in microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer (CheckMate 8HW): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: CheckMate 8HW prespecified dual primary endpoints, assessed in patients with centrally confirmed microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient status: progression-free survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared with chemotherapy as first-line therapy and progression-free survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared with nivolumab alone, regardless of previous systemic treatment for metastatic disease. In our previous report, nivolumab plus ipilimumab showed superior progression-free survival versus chemotherapy in first-line microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer in the CheckMate 8HW trial. Here, we report results from the prespecified interim analysis for the other primary endpoint of progression-free survival for nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab across all treatment lines.

Clinical outcomes and management following progressive disease with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy in patients with advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Aim: Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin cancer with a rising incidence worldwide. Anti-programmed death-1/ligand-1 (anti-PD-(L)1) therapies are effective for the treatment of advanced MCC. This study examines patterns of response / progression of advanced MCC to anti-PD-(L)1 therapies and describes subsequent management.

Cancer-specific utility instrument for health economic evaluations: A synopsis of the EORTC QLU-C10D user manual and current validity evidence.

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Utility - Core 10 Dimensions (QLU-C10D) adds a preference-based scoring algorithm to the EORTC measurement portfolio. It is built on the most widely used health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure in oncology, the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (QLQ-C30), allowing for the calculation of both HRQoL profiles and health utilities. This is an important advancement for integrating cancer-specific values into health economic evaluations and decision making, offering greater content validity and statistical power than some generic measures.

Molecular dynamics simulation revealing the interactions between toxic aldehydes and starch: A case study of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in starch-based food during frying.

Toxic compounds in fried food products attract increasing attention, but studies regarding the levels of common toxins, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (4-HHE), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), in fried starch-based food (FSBF) are scarce. Herein, we investigated the formation and distributions of these aldehydes in FSBF, and the frying oil and FSBF retained higher levels of low-molecular-weight aldehydes. The highest aldehyde concentrations were observed in French fries.

Flying uncharted skies: Unravelling the network of contributory factors to adverse Australian RPAS events with an aggregate AcciMap.

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) are a rapidly expanding technology that operates within the larger complex aviation system. As a result, protective frameworks and risk controls for supporting safe operation are still developing. Adverse events are occurring, yet it is unclear what systemic factors interact to create them.

Ethical issues in conducting health research with people in prison: Results of a deliberative research project conducted with people in Australian prisons.

Planning research involving people in prison raises concerns based on past abuses of incarcerated people amongst other factors. Despite the development of guidelines for the ethical conduct of research in prisons, researchers and advocates have questioned whether current approaches aimed at protecting incarcerated persons from unethical research unfairly exclude this group from participating in and benefitting from research. Discussion of these issues comes mostly from expert opinion.

Musculoskeletal model predictions sensitivity to upper body mass scaling during gait.

Musculoskeletal modeling based on inverse dynamics provides a cost-effective non-invasive means for calculating intersegmental joint reaction forces and moments, solely relying on kinematic data, easily obtained from smart wearables. On the other hand, the accuracy and precision of such models strongly hinge upon the selected scaling methodology tailored to subject-specific data. This study investigates the impact of upper body mass distribution on internal and external kinetics computed using a comprehensive musculoskeletal model during level walking in both normal weight and obese individuals.

Infective endocarditis causing acute aortic occlusion in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: A rare case report.

Introduction: We present a unique case of acute aortic occlusion secondary to infective endocarditis (IE).

Presentation Of Case: An Aboriginal Australian woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with fever, confusion, tachycardia, and tachypnoea and had cold, pulseless, insensate, and paralysed lower limbs. Computed tomography angiography revealed multifocal occlusion of the distal aorta and lower limb vessels.

MCC950 mitigates SIRT3-NLRP3-driven inflammation and rescues post-stroke neurogenesis.

Sustained activation of the SIRT3-NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with worse outcomes after ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to examine the potential mechanism by which the SIRT3-NLRP3 inflammasome affects neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats. Following tMCAO, significantly elevated levels of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were observed in the ischemic subventricular zone.

Health risk assessment of dietary cadmium exposure based on cadmium bioavailability in food: Opportunities and challenges.

Long-term exposure to Cd through contaminated food can lead to multiple adverse health effects on humans. Although previous studies have covered global food Cd concentrations and dietary Cd exposures across different populations, there are increasing concerns regarding the adequacy of current food Cd safety standards to protect populations from adverse health effects. Moreover, incorporation of Cd relative bioavailability (Cd-RBA) in foods improves the accuracy of health risk assessment.

Green growth transition and carbon neutrality nexus: A comparative study on the top carbon emitters.

This is a comparative study that investigates the role of green growth, green technological innovations, agricultural eco-efficiency and trade openness on carbon neutrality in the top three carbon emitting countries, namely, China, the USA and India, using panel quantile regression with quarterly data for the time period of 2010-2022. The results reveal different findings which have important policy implications. Firstly, carbon emissions vs green growth and carbon emissions vs green technological innovation have a significant U-shaped relationship, which indicate that when green growth and green technological innovations increases, the rate of carbon emissions continues to decline up to a threshold point and start to increase thereafter.

Photic drive response in people with epilepsy: Exploring the interaction with background alpha rhythm.

Photic drive responses (PDRs) are used to explore cortical hyperexcitability. We quantified PDRs and interactions with the alpha rhythm in people with epilepsy (PwE). Fifteen PwE (mean age ± SD 47.

Digital Home-Based Self-Monitoring System for People with Heart Failure: Protocol for Development of SmartHeart and Evaluation of Feasibility and Acceptability.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In addition to the daily challenges that HF poses, acute exacerbations can lead to costly hospitalizations and increased mortality. High health care costs and the burden of HF have led to the emerging application of new technologies to support people living with HF to stay well while living in the community.

User and Developer Views on Using AI Technologies to Facilitate the Early Detection of Skin Cancers in Primary Care Settings: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study.

Background: Skin cancers, including melanoma and keratinocyte cancers, are among the most common cancers worldwide, and their incidence is rising in most populations. Earlier detection of skin cancer leads to better outcomes for patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been applied to skin cancer diagnosis, but many technologies lack clinical evidence and/or the appropriate regulatory approvals.