Racial/ethnic differences in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in the United States.

Racial/ethnic differences are associated with the symptoms and conditions of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in adults. These differences may exist among children and warrant further exploration. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with difference-in-differences analyzes to assess these differences in children and adolescents under the age of 21.

Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Young Biliary Atresia Recipients Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in the Modern Era.

Introduction: Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common indication for liver transplantation (LT) in children. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with survival in young patients with BA in the modern era.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of BA patients aged < 2 years who received their first isolated LT with available data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database (01/2013-12/2022).

Concussion and depressive symptoms in high school students: impact of physical activity and substance use.

Objective: To investigate the association between concussion history and depressive symptoms after adjusting for physical activity, substance use, and illicit drug use.

Methods: We analysed data from the Adolescent Behaviour and Experiences Survey, a nationally representative survey of adolescents in the USA. Our independent variables were history of concussion in the 12 months preceding survey completion; self-reported weekly physical activity (days per week with >60 min of physical activity, 0-7 scale); substance use over the past 30 days (yes vs no) and illicit drug use throughout lifetime (yes vs no).

ASRA Pain Medicine consensus practice infection control guidelines for regional anesthesia and pain medicine.

Background: To provide recommendations on risk mitigation, diagnosis and treatment of infectious complications associated with the practice of regional anesthesia, acute and chronic pain management.

Methods: Following board approval, in 2020 the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA Pain Medicine) commissioned evidence-based guidelines for best practices for infection control. More than 80 research questions were developed and literature searches undertaken by assigned working groups comprising four to five members.

A Novel Fibrinolysis Resistance Capacity Assay Can Detect Fibrinolytic Phenotypes in Trauma Patients.

Background:  To evaluate residual fibrinolysis resistance activity (FRA) in plasma, a detergent-modified plasma clot lysis assay time (dPCLT) was established in which α2-antiplasmin (A2AP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are inactivated without impacting protease activity. We applied this novel assay to severely injured trauma patients' plasma.

Material And Methods:  Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced plasma clot lysis assays were conducted after detergents- (dPCLT) or vehicle- (sPCLT) treatment, and time to 50% clot lysis was measured ("transition midpoint", T ).

Use of Claims to Assess Outcomes and Treatment Effects in the Evolut Low Risk Trial.

Background: Food and Drug Administration-mandated postmarket studies for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in low-risk populations plan to use passively collected registry data linked to claims for long-term follow-up out to 10 years. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the validity of these claims-based end points. We sought to evaluate the ability of administrative claims with () codes to identify trial-adjudicated end points and reproduce treatment comparisons of aortic valve replacement in the Evolut Low Risk Trial.

Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Challenges in Infants and Children With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.

The most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). This review will summarize the clinical manifestations, recommended treatments, monitoring, clinical challenges and management strategy, and treatment challenges in special situations for infants and children with classic CAH due to 21OHD. Specifically, we review newborn screening and the initial diagnosis, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment, and recommended monitoring, including anthropometric and laboratory measures.

Randomized phase II study of bevacizumab with weekly anetumab ravtansine or weekly paclitaxel in platinum-resistant/refractory high grade ovarian cancer (NCI trial).

Purpose: Mesothelin (MSLN) is highly expressed in high grade serous/ endometrioid ovarian cancers (HGOC). Anetumab ravtansine (AR) is an antibody drug conjugate directed at MSLN antigen with a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. We assessed safety, activity and pharmacokinetics of the combination AR/bevacizumab (Bev) (ARB) versus weekly paclitaxel (wP)/Bev (PB) in patients with platinum resistant/refractory HGOC (prrHGOC).

The tissue-plasminogen activator-challenged thromboelastography provides a comprehensive assessment of fibrinolysis in the severely injured.

Background: Tissue-plasminogen activator-challenged thromboelastography (tPA-TEG) predicts massive transfusion and mortality better than conventional rapid thromboelastography (rTEG), with little concordance between their lysis values (LY30). We hypothesized that the main fibrinolytic inhibitors plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and α-2 antiplasmin (A2AP), as well as markers of fibrinolytic activation (plasmin-antiplasmin [PAP], tPA-PAI-1 complex, tPA activity), would correlate more strongly with tPA-TEG versus rTEG LY30 and may explain the recent findings of four distinct fibrinolytic phenotypes in trauma based on these two TEG methodologies.

Methods: Adult trauma patients (n = 56) had tPA-TEG, rTEG, and plasma obtained on arrival to the emergency department with institutional review board approval.

A Single Early Life Acetaminophen Exposure Causes Persistent Abnormalities in the Murine Lung.

Whether early life acetaminophen (APAP) exposures injure the developing lung is controversial. We sought to correlate murine pulmonary developmental expression profiles of to susceptibility to APAP exposure. P14 C57BL/6 mice were exposed to APAP (140 mg/kg x 1, IP) and assessed for evidence of a histologic, metabolic, functional, and/or transcriptional pulmonary response.

Secondhand vape exposure regulation of CFTR and immune function in cystic fibrosis.

Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is a public health threat for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases. Primary smoking reduces CFTR channel function, the causative defect in CF. We reported that SHSe worsens respiratory and nutritional outcomes in CF by disrupting immune responses and metabolic signaling.

C-Reactive Protein Changes in Adult and Pediatric People With Cystic Fibrosis During Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations.

Objective: Although studies have examined changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) during pulmonary exacerbations (PEX) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), few have evaluated CRP profiles across age groups. Here, we characterize age-related CRP responses to PEX treatment.

Methods: We measured CRP concentrations at the beginning and end of intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for PEX in 100 pediatric and 147 adult PwCF at 10 US CF Centers.

Healthcare Contact Days Pre- and Post-Liver Transplant in Patients with Cirrhosis: A National Cohort Study.

Introduction: "Healthcare contact days" is a patient-centered quantitative proxy for time toxicity, which can be informative for liver transplant (LT) decision-making. We aimed to (i) quantify contact days in patients with cirrhosis pre- and post-LT; (ii) identify clinical and demographic features associated with contact days.

Methods: Using a national health system database, we calculated healthcare contact days (inpatient, outpatient hospital [e.

Aging and Cancer-Inextricably Linked Across the Lifespan.

Aging (as old man wind) alters the trajectory of cancer (dangerous seas) through changes in the immune system and metabolism (among many others), leading to altered cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic responses, as represented by the research areas (boats)-artwork by Michael DeGregori.

Muscle power is associated with higher levels of walking capacity and self-reported gait performance and physical activity in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between a Power Leg Press test (PLP) with walking capacity and self-reported performance and participation in individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP), and to compare the strength of the associations between two power tests (PLP and isokinetic (IsoK)) with walking capacity.

Methods: Ambulatory individuals with CP (n = 33; age 17.89 ± 7.

Unnecessary Needling: A Case of Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Following Dry Needling Procedure for Chronic Myofascial Pain.

This case report highlights a complication of pneumothorax associated with dry needling (DN), a technique used for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders. Despite its growing popularity and efficacy in relieving pain, dry needling can lead to adverse events. We present a case of a 35-year-old female who developed pneumothorax following a dry needling session.

Aurora kinase A promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Aims: Aurora kinase A (AURKA) has been implicated in promoting myeloid and renal fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the impact and underlying mechanism of AURKA on liver fibrosis and to assess the therapeutic potential of MLN8237, a small-molecule AURKA inhibitor, in preventing liver fibrosis in mice.

Methods: The research used bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry staining on fibrotic liver tissues from human and mouse models to assess AURKA expression.

DISCOntinuation of disease-modifying therapies in MS: The DISCOMS extension trial.

Background: In the DISCOMS (DISCOntinuation of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS)) randomized clinical trial, we could not demonstrate that discontinuing MS DMTs in older, stable adults was not inferior to continuing DMTs. Relapses were rare in both groups, and most new disease activity was one to two new brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions unassociated with clinical changes.

Objective/aims: Describe results of the DISCOMS extension study.

Liver transplantation for colorectal cancer with liver metastases.

Over the last decade, multiple clinical trials have demonstrated a survival benefit for liver transplantation in colorectal cancer with liver metastases. Additionally, advances in donor organ preservation have expanded organ availability affording the opportunity to expand indications for liver transplantation, such as colorectal cancer with unresectable liver metastases. Current data support comparable overall survival (OS) for liver transplantation for colorectal cancer with liver metastases compared with general liver transplantation recipients.

Sleeve gastrectomy reveals the plasticity of the human gastric epithelium.

Gastrin is secreted following a rise in gastric pH, leading to gastric acid secretion. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), a bariatric surgery where 80% of the gastric corpus is excised, presents a challenge for gastric pH homeostasis. Using histology, and single-cell RNA sequencing of the gastric epithelium in 12 women, we observed that SG is associated with an increase in a sub-population of acid-secreting parietal cells that overexpress respiratory enzymes and an increase in histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs).