Case Report: Successful Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Canine Amphetamine Toxicosis.

A 4-year-old, female-spayed, mixed breed dog, weighing 24.2 kg, was presented for acute ingestion of ~12.3 mg/kg of Adderall XR, an extended-release amphetamine medication.

Local treatment for canine anal sacculitis: A retrospective study of 33 dogs.

Background: Little information has been published regarding treatment of canine anal sacculitis (AS).

Objectives: Primary objective: determine the outcomes of AS local treatment at the referral dermatology service of the authors' institution.

Secondary Objective: determine signalment, body condition score (BCS), stool quality and comorbidities associated with AS.

Evaluation of aerodigestive disease and diagnosis of sliding hiatal hernia in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs.

Background: Aerodigestive diseases (AeroD), hybrid disorders between the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, may present without GI signs. Sliding hiatal hernia (sHH) is an important AeroD in brachycephalic dogs linked to respiratory pathology. The spectrum of other AeroD and respiratory clinical signs (CS) in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs with sHH is unknown.

Detection of zoonotic vector-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Giza, Egypt.

The public health implications of zoonotic vector-borne pathogens are numerous because domestic animals, such as dogs, live in close proximity to humans. Blood was collected from 116 domestic dogs in Cairo, Egypt from three different settings at the human-animal interface. The three settings the dogs came from were: privately owned animals seeking care at the Cairo University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Clinic, non-laboratory reared research dogs maintained at the Cairo University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and an urban private animal rescue in Shabramont, Giza, Egypt.

A review of venipuncture sites in Alligator mississippiensis with anatomical description of a novel venipuncture site.

Here we describe and illustrate the sites of venipuncture in the alligator using CT reconstructions, cross-sectional anatomy, and traditional dissection. We also describe the clinical approach for each venipuncture site and describe a novel site for venipuncture in crocodilians, the lateral occipital sinus. Based on the authors' experience, the lateral occipital sinuses offer the safest, simplest, and most consistent access for venipuncture in the alligator.

Canine models of human cancer: Bridging the gap to improve precision medicine.

Dogs are remarkable, adaptable, and dependable creatures that have evolved alongside humans while contributing tremendously to our survival. Our canine companions share many similarities to human disease, particularly cancer. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing technology, we are beginning to unravel the complexity of cancer and the vast intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity that makes treatment difficult.

Gastrointestinal foreign bodies in pet pigs: 17 cases.

Background: Pigs have an indiscriminate eating behavior placing them at high risk of developing foreign body (FB) obstructions.

Objectives: Describe the clinical and diagnostic features, treatments, and outcome of pet pigs diagnosed with gastrointestinal (GI) FBs. Medical and surgical treatments, pig outcomes, and post-mortem findings were also investigated.

Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Gut-Restricted LXR Inverse Agonists.

Hyperlipidemia and increased circulating cholesterol levels are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. The liver X receptors (LXRs) are regulators of lipogenesis and cholesterol transport and have been validated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. However, efforts to develop LXR agonists to reduce cardiovascular diseases have failed due to poor clinical outcomes-associated increased hepatic lipogenesis and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C).

Veterinary Education's Role in the Opioid Epidemic: Integration of an Online Safe Opioid Prescribing Course into the Core Curriculum.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the opioid epidemic has worsened. Opioid-related deaths continue to rise, and many of these deaths can be traced to a prescription opioid. Because veterinarians prescribe opioids, many organizations and federal agencies have called for increased veterinary education on the topic.

Distribution of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Resistance in a Naïve Chicken Population.

Resistance to infectious bronchitis (IB) is a polygenic trait, but little is known about how resistance distributes in the host population. In this study, a relatively large number (n = 369) of specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens () were challenged with an Arkansas -type virulent IB virus (IBV), and resistance was evaluated 5 days after challenge by viral load (IBV RNA) in the trachea and cecal tonsils, as well as by tracheal histomorphometry (mucosal thickness and lymphocyte infiltration). Contrary to expectations, results showed a non-Gaussian distribution of resistance of the whole population against challenge.

Normal feline reproduction: The tom.

Practical Relevance: Understanding the normal reproductive anatomy and physiology of the male cat is important for successful breeding. Veterinarians may be called in to troubleshoot when fertility and pregnancy rates decrease in a cattery. By understanding the normal physical parameters, as well as breeding behavior, the veterinarian is better equipped to assess the infertility issue.

Normal feline reproduction: The queen.

Practical Relevance: Cats are seasonally polyestrous, meaning they exhibit multiple estrous cycles within a season, followed by a period of non-cyclicity. Cats cycle when the day length is long but can be induced to cycle year-round with 14 h of continuous artificial lighting. The feline estrous cycle includes the following stages: proestrus, estrus, interestrus and, if ovulation occurs, diestrus.

Etiology and outcome of extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis: A multi-institutional retrospective study of 269 dogs.

Background: The magnitude of diagnostic abnormalities can influence the perception of clinical outcome. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis (ENL) is an uncommon finding caused by markedly increased granulopoiesis. A lack of recent, large-scale studies limits our understanding of the importance, causation, and prognosis associated with ENL in dogs.

An observational thoracic radiographic study of aortic remodeling in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension.

Sustained systemic hypertension (SH) has been shown to cause target organ damage to various tissues in dogs and cats, including the aorta. Aortic dilatation occurs most commonly secondary to SH in people and develops prior to an aortic aneurysm. Our hypothesis was that blinded reviewers could be trained to recognize variable alterations of aortic shape and size on thoracic radiographs of canine patients with SH.

Naturally occurring mutations in G protein-coupled receptors associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors involved in the regulation of almost all known physiological processes. Dysfunctions of GPCR-mediated signaling have been shown to cause various diseases. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two strongly associated disorders, is increasing worldwide, with tremendous economical and health burden.

Concurrent Resistance to Carbapenem and Colistin Among Recovered From Human and Animal Sources in Nigeria Is Associated With Multiple Genetic Mechanisms.

Resistance to last resort drugs such as carbapenem and colistin is a serious global health threat. This study investigated carbapenem and colistin resistance in 583 non-duplicate isolates utilizing phenotypic methods and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Of the 583 isolates recovered from humans, animals and the environment in Nigeria, 18.

Retrospective evaluation of the relationship between admission variables and brain herniation in dogs (2010-2019): 54 cases.

Objective: To document the admission systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) score in dogs with and without brain herniation and to determine their relationship with brain herniation.

Design: Retrospective study between 2010 and 2019.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

White Matter Pathology as a Barrier to Gangliosidosis Gene Therapy.

The gangliosidoses are a family of neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases that have recently seen promising advances in gene therapy. White matter deficits are well established components of gangliosidosis pathology that are now receiving more attention because they are partially refractory to correction by gene therapy. After a brief synopsis of normal myelinogenesis, this review outlines current viewpoints on the origin of white matter deficits in the gangliosidoses and potential obstacles to treating them effectively by gene therapy.

Enhanced Protection by Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Infectious Bronchitis Virus Spike Ectodomain and Chicken Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.

We previously reported that recombinant Newcastle disease virus LaSota (rLS) expressing infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Arkansas (Ark)-type trimeric spike (S) ectodomain (Se; rLS/ArkSe) provides suboptimal protection against IBV challenge. We have now developed rLS expressing chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) and IBV Ark Se in an attempt to enhance vaccine effectiveness. In the current study, we first compared protection conferred by vaccination with rLS/ArkSe and rLS/ArkSe.

Outcome of thoracolumbar surgical feline intervertebral disc disease.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and prognosis of thoracolumbar feline intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) treated by surgical decompression.

Methods: This was a multi-institutional retrospective study evaluating the age, breed, sex, body weight, presenting complaint, neuroanatomic diagnosis at presentation, diagnostic imaging results, surgery performed and the overall outcome at discharge and at recheck. Bivariable associations between variables were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (age and grade of IVDD at presentation) and Fisher's exact test (grade of IVDD at presentation and outcome).

Arboviral diseases and poverty in Alabama, 2007-2017.

Mosquito-borne viruses cause diseases of great public health concern. Arboviral disease case distributions have complex relationships with socioeconomic and environmental factors. We combined information about socio-economic (population, and poverty rate) and environmental (precipitation, and land use) characteristics with reported human cases of arboviral disease in the counties of Alabama, USA, from 2007-2017.

A survey of emergency and critical care veterinarians regarding IV fluid bolus therapy and monitoring practices in small animals.

Objective: To determine how veterinary emergency and critical care clinicians define IV fluid bolus therapy (FBT) and what constitutes a positive response to a fluid bolus.

Design: Online survey of 222 emergency and critical care veterinarians between December 17, 2018, and March 1, 2019.

Interventions: An online survey was provided to diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC), residents of ACVECC-approved training programs, as well as house officers and emergency clinicians of a corporate multicenter emergency and specialty care veterinary hospital.

Echocardiographic changes in the shape and size of the aortic cusps in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension.

Systemic hypertension (SH) in dogs typically occurs secondary to renal disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, malignant adrenal tumors, or various medications. Echocardiography performed on people with SH has shown asymmetric dilation of the sinuses at the level of the aortic valves, previously undescribed in canine patients. The objective of this retrospective case-control study was to determine if there was a difference in size and shape of the aortic cusps at the level of the sinus of Valsalva in dogs with SH compared to dogs with normal blood pressure.