4,105 results match your criteria: "Atypical Mycobacterial Diseases"

A Challenging Case of Miliary Tuberculosis in Pregnancy.

Int J Mycobacteriol

October 2024

Department of Anaesthesiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon yet severe condition that can pose substantial risks to pregnant women and their unborn child. This case study describes a 22-year-old pregnant female at 23 weeks of gestation presented with breathlessness, fever accompanied by chills, dry cough, and loss of appetite. With no significant comorbidities, her initial symptoms were inconclusive, leading to her initial diagnosis as a case of pyrexia of unknown origin.

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Atypical mycobacterium infections are an uncommon cause of cutaneous infection, and they are especially rare infections of the facial region. Immunocompromised patients, such as transplant patients, are at higher risk for infections of this nature with concurrent hematogenous spread to other organ systems. We report a patient with a previous heart transplant who developed an atypical mycobacterium infection of the skin with possible dissemination to the lung.

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Article Synopsis
  • A 36-year-old woman with a history of congenital hydrocephalus experienced complications from her VP shunt, including an infected abdominal incision with no recent infection risks other than a minor gynecological procedure.
  • Cultures revealed unusual bacteria, leading to the externalization and eventual removal of her shunt, alongside a course of intravenous and oral antibiotics, which successfully healed the infection.
  • The case highlights the need for thorough investigation of infections in shunt patients, even when they present atypically or outside the standard timeframe for infections.
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Tuberculosis (TB) caused by has been a threat to human health for thousands of years and still leads to millions of deaths each year. TB is a disease that is refractory to treatment, partially due to its capacity for in-host persistence. The cell wall of mycobacteria, rich in mycolic acid, is broadly associated with bacterial persistence together with antimicrobial and immunological resistance.

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promising immunotherapeutic intervention for diseases.

Front Immunol

November 2024

Department of Cell, Development & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.

Article Synopsis
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Tuberculosis (TB), caused by , is a leading infectious disease with varied manifestations. We report a rare presentation of gastric TB in a 50-year-old immunocompetent woman from the Middle East with no prior medical history. The patient presented with persistent epigastric pain, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting over a 2-month duration.

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Microbiological aspects and clinical impact of lower lung field tuberculosis: An observational cohort study in Peru.

Int J Infect Dis

January 2025

Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: Approximately 40% of tuberculosis (TB) cases remain undiagnosed globally. Lower lung field TB (LLF TB) presents atypically and is often misidentified as other lung diseases, leading to diagnostic delays in resource-limited settings. It may contribute to increased TB transmission and mortality.

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Primary cutaneous infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria: a report of 6 cases.

BMC Infect Dis

November 2024

Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.

Background: The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection has shown a gradual increasing trend in recent years, among which cutaneous manifestations as an important aspect. This study aimed to describe the clinical features and microbiological findings in 6 cases of primary cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterium infection.

Methods: In this retrospective study from June 2021 to June 2022, the clinical data and microbiological results of six cases diagnosed with primary cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection in department of dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital were analyzed.

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Tuberculosis remains a serious global problem of our time. The epidemiological situation regarding tuberculosis in the Russian Federation and in Moscow is quite favorable, however, many manifestations of diseases and morphological changes in tuberculosis require a serious approach to the timely diagnosis of the disease, especially intravital morphological verification of the process. The article outlines the main aspects of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, including deep immunosuppression associated with HIV.

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A young man in his early 30s presented to our hospital with upper abdominal pain radiating to the back, progressive jaundice with pruritus, low-grade fever, vomiting and significant weight loss over 4 months. The syndrome of extrahepatic biliary obstruction was considered. There was no significant past, personal or family history.

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Chronic dacryocystitis due to .

Orbit

October 2024

Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • - Dacryocystitis is an infection and inflammation of the lacrimal sac, typically caused by common bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, but this report focuses on a rare case due to an atypical pathogen.
  • - A 62-year-old woman experienced pain, tenderness, and discharge from the left side of her face, leading to imaging that confirmed dacryocystitis, which required surgical intervention.
  • - Post-surgery, she was treated with multiple antibiotics, showing slow progress, highlighting the importance of culturing abscesses intraoperatively due to potential antibiotic resistance in atypical infections.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study focused on persistent pediatric lymphadenopathy cases in a low-middle-income country, analyzing 243 children aged 1 to 12 who underwent excisional biopsy over three years.
  • Findings revealed that the most common causes of persistent lymphadenopathy were tuberculosis (TB) (33.7%) and lymphoma (10.3%), with reactive hyperplasia being the most prevalent overall (40.32%).
  • The results suggested that a positive GeneXpert test for TB could allow for early treatment in areas where TB is common, emphasizing the need for targeted diagnostic evaluations in this demographic.
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Atypical tuberculous peritonitis presenting as a peritoneal pseudocyst in an immunocompetent adult: insights from a case and literature review.

BMC Infect Dis

September 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Background: Tuberculous peritonitis often presents with nonspecific symptoms that can lead to diagnostic challenges, particularly when manifesting as peritoneal pseudocysts. This study highlights the clinical complexity and diagnostic approach of tuberculous peritonitis presented as a pseudocyst in an immunocompetent adult, an atypical scenario that is rarely documented.

Case Presentation: We report a detailed case of a 41-year-old man presenting with abdominal distension, pain, and significant weight loss over four months.

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Genomics Insights into Causing Infection in a Cat with Pyogranulomatous Dermatitis and Panniculitis.

Pathogens

September 2024

General Diagnostic Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", 00178 Rome, Italy.

(homotypic synonym: ) represents an ungrouped thermotolerant rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) species occasionally associated with infections and disease in humans. In this report, we describe a case of pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis due to in an immunocompetent adult cat. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of infection in animals.

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Atypical Mycobacterium abscessus BlaRI Ortholog Mediates Regulation of Energy Metabolism but Not β-Lactam Resistance.

Mol Microbiol

October 2024

Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.

Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is highly drug resistant, and understanding regulation of antibiotic resistance is critical to future antibiotic development. Regulatory mechanisms controlling Mab's β-lactamase (Bla) that mediates β-lactam resistance remain unknown. S.

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Implant-associated infection (IMTI) in long-term, well-fixed implants.

J Clin Orthop Trauma

September 2024

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Article Synopsis
  • Successful treatment of two rare cases of orthopedic device infections (IMTI) was achieved through careful surgical debridement and 18 months of anti-tubercular chemotherapy while retaining the implants.
  • Both patients exhibited similar symptoms, including discharging sinuses at surgical sites years after their respective surgeries, but initial cultures were negative.
  • The study highlights the importance of analyzing intra-operative tissue samples for further diagnosis and suggests that atypical presentations of infections should be considered for IMTI in similar cases.
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Article Synopsis
  • * A 59-year-old male initially misdiagnosed with pigmented villonodular synovitis experienced knee swelling; after thorough tests, he was correctly diagnosed with tuberculous knee arthritis through detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in his synovial fluid.
  • * This case highlights the necessity of considering tuberculosis in patients with chronic knee arthritis, as its symptoms and imaging can resemble other conditions like PVNS, complicating diagnosis.
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  • * A case study details a 60-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who was incorrectly diagnosed with a prostate tumor, but later discovered to have prostate TB after a biopsy.
  • * This report emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to consider tuberculosis when evaluating patients with unusual imaging findings, especially those with known cancers, to prevent misdiagnosis and incorrect treatments.
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Article Synopsis
  • Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MAbc) is a fast-growing bacterium that increasingly causes skin infections, and this report emphasizes the need for heightened awareness among healthcare professionals about its atypical presentations.
  • A case study of a 69-year-old woman with an immune deficiency showed a unique presentation of a non-healing ulcer after an insect bite, which was misdiagnosed initially, and upon further investigation revealed MAbc.
  • Despite prompt initiation of treatment based on culture results, the patient unfortunately died before therapy could be adjusted, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of MAbc in chronic, unresponsive wounds.
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Article Synopsis
  • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in adolescents can manifest in unusual ways, particularly in the head and neck area.
  • A case study is presented involving a young girl with TB affecting her oral and laryngeal regions, showing symptoms like ulceration and uvula destruction.
  • The report emphasizes the importance of recognizing these atypical symptoms of TB in adolescents for effective diagnosis and treatment.
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Article Synopsis
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, with abdominal symptoms usually linked to the intestine and lymph nodes, though retroperitoneal cases are rare.
  • A case involved a 51-year-old man who, after recovering from pulmonary TB, suffered from abdominal pain and fever, revealing incomplete bowel obstruction due to enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed through ultrasound-guided lymph node aspiration, which was positive for TB, and the patient improved with anti-TB treatment, highlighting the need for early histopathological evaluation in atypical presentations of retroperitoneal TB.
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Article Synopsis
  • Atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms linked to opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients, with rapid-growing NTM commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections.
  • This retrospective study analyzed 13 cases of injection abscess caused by NTM in children over six years, noting that these patients were otherwise healthy, with no chronic illnesses, and all had received standard vaccinations.
  • The findings highlight the importance of suspecting NTM infections in patients not responding to treatment, emphasizing the need for strict aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in healthcare settings.
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Article Synopsis
  • Tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a severe immune reaction against tuberculosis seen in individuals with HIV, often triggered by antiretroviral therapy (ART) that boosts immunity.
  • An observational study at S.C.B. Medical College evaluated 286 HIV/AIDS patients on ART, revealing a 7.7% incidence of TB-IRIS, with a notable difference in the occurrence of paradoxical vs. ART-associated TB-IRIS.
  • The study found significant increases in CD cell counts and differences in plasma viral loads before and after TB-IRIS onset, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of HIV patients for TB coinfection.
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Multimodal Imaging in Cardiovascular Infections: The Mayo Clinic Experience.

Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes

August 2024

Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA.

Article Synopsis
  • * Twelve patients were analyzed retrospectively, revealing that echocardiograms and other imaging methods identified issues like endocarditis, aortic root abscesses, and myocarditis in these individuals.
  • * Findings indicate that multimodal imaging is crucial for early diagnosis and management of such infections, aiding in quicker treatment decisions while laboratory results are still pending.
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Tuberculosis of the breast: a rare extra-pulmonary presentation of tuberculosis.

J Infect Dev Ctries

July 2024

Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Article Synopsis
  • - Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of TB affecting the breast, seen in less than 0.1% of breast conditions in western countries, but more common (up to 3-4%) in TB-endemic areas like Africa and Asia.
  • - A case was reported of a 54-year-old HIV-positive woman with a six-month history of breast masses, initially suspected to be cancer, but was later confirmed to be TB upon histological examination.
  • - The findings highlight that TB symptoms can be non-specific and unusual in HIV patients, particularly in cases of extra-pulmonary TB.
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