Differentiation of Rhizomucor species by carbon source utilization and isoenzyme analysis.

Nineteen Rhizomucor miehei and Rhizomucor pusillus isolates were assayed for their ability to utilize 87 various substrates as a single carbon source. Besides a difference in sucrose utilization, distinctive differences were found in the utilization of glycine, phenylalanine, and beta-alanine. Five isoenzyme systems also proved useful for the determination of markers of distinctive value at a species level.

Recombination of mitochondrial DNA without selection pressure among compatible strains of the Aspergillus niger species aggregate.

Previous mitochondrial transmission experiments between oligomycin-resistant and oligomycin-sensitive incompatible strains of the A. niger aggregate bearing various mtDNA RFLP profiles resulted in a great variety of mitochondrial recombinants under selection pressure. Apart from the recombinant mtDNAs, resistant clones harbouring unchanged RFLP profiles of resistant donor mtDNAs with the recipient nuclear backgrounds were rarely isolated.

Isolation of dsRNA-associated VLPs from the strain Cryptococcus hungaricus CBS 6569.

Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) with molecular masses 1.7 and 5.0 kbp, respectively, were isolated from the strain Cryptococcus hungaricus CBS 6569.

High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers of unusual amino acids on a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase.

A glycopeptide antibiotic, teicoplanin, was used as chiral stationary phase for the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of enantiomers of more than 30 unnatural amino acids, such as phenylalanine and tyrosine analogues and analogues containing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, tetraline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-carboline, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or heptene skeletons.

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Aspergillus japonicus and Aspergillus aculeatus strains with special regard to their mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms.

Forty Aspergillus japonicus and A. aculeatus strains, most of them wild-type isolates, were examined using various molecular and phenotypic techniques. The rDNAs proved to be invariable (even strains of the species A.

The Effect of Cadmium Ion Adsorption on the Growth of CdS Nanoparticles at Colloidal Silica Particle Interfaces in Binary Liquids.

Adsorption isotherms have been determined for the binding of Cd2+ onto the surfaces of hydrophilic A200 SiO2 and hydrophobic R972 SiO2 particles dispersed in ethanol (1>)-cyclohexane (2) mixtures at ethanol mole fractions of x1 = 0.05, 0.10, 0.

DNA amplification polymorphisms of Mucor piriformis.

Mucor piriformis can cause postharvest decay in various fruits and vegetables stored at low temperatures. Thirty isolates of this fungus, collected from infected fruit, were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Seven different 10-bp primers were used to determine the type and extent of intraspecific genetic polymorphisms.

The effects of pesticides on monoaminergic system related to periodic activity of mussels (Anodonta cygnea L.).

1. The effect of a herbicide (paraquat) and an insecticide (methidation) on the periodic activity of mussel in relation to serotonin and dopamine levels and their release and uptake in nervous system was investigated. 2.

Influence of benzo[a]phenothiazines on the element content of two tobacco tissue cultures differing in hormone requirement.

Cell proliferation and tumor formation are closely connected with hormone metabolism. We report the effect of four benzo[a]phenothiazines (12H-benzo[a]phenothiazine (1), 5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazine (2), 10-methyl-12H-benzo[a]phenothiazine (3), and 6-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazine (4) on the growth and changes in the element compositions (Ca, Cl, Cu, I, K, Mg, Mn and Na) of auxin autotrophic and heterotrophic tobacco tissue cultures. The concentration levels of these ions were followed by means of reactor neutron activation analysis.

Organophosphate effects on antioxidant system of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus).

The effect of the organophosphate insecticide Dichlorvos on antioxidant enzymes and other oxidative and redox parameters of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) were studied. Changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and in the case of carp acetylcholinesterase activities were studied in tissue homogenates.

Recombination of mitochondrial DNAs following transmission of mitochondria among incompatible strains of black Aspergilli.

Successful intra- and interspecific mitochondrial transfers were performed by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced protoplast fusion among incompatible strains belonging to the Aspergillus niger species aggregate. The mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) of the strains examined were of three main types based on their restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles. mtDNA types 1 and 2 correspond to A.

Stereoisomerism and Equilibrium Properties of Oxygen-Carrying Cobalt(II) Complexes of Histamine and Its Derivatives: A New Approach to an Old System.

The complex formation equilibria between pH 2 and 11.2 in Co(II)-L-O(2) ternary systems (L = histamine, glycylhistamine, and sarcosylhistamine) have been studied by pH-metric, spectrophotometric, and (1)H-NMR spectroscopic methods. In contrast to earlier findings, we detected several protonation states of oxygen-carrying complexes in the pH range 7-11.

The activation by magnesium treatment of anti-oxidants eliminating the oxygen free radicals in Drosophila melanogaster in vivo.

Drosophila melanogaster adults of the Oregon R and Canton S wild-type stocks were fed for 24 h with 0.10 M, 0.25 M and 0.

Giant Mitochondria as Possible Bioindicators of Environmental Injuries in Fish Liver.

The effect of hypoxia (80 pHg) and simultaneously applied paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridynum dichloride) was investigated on carp liver using electron microscopic methods. The appearance of giant mitochondria was the most conspicuous alteration in the liver cells. Most of the giant mitochondria were elongated and rod-shaped, often arranged side by side forming clusters beside the nucleus.

Carbon source utilization and isoenzyme analysis as taxonomic aids for toxigenic Neosartorya species and their relatives.

Collection strains representing species belonging to the genus Neosartorya and its relatives from section Fumigati of the genus Aspergillus were compared for some of their phenotypic features. The examination of both the carbon source utilization and isoenzyme patterns provided a useful tool for clustering these strains. Many species (e.

Effects of diethyl-dithiocarbamate on antioxidant system in carp tissue.

The influence the pro- and antioxidant values the diethyl-dithiocarbamate (DDTC) in different concentrations in carp tissues was studied. From antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathion peroxidase activity changes were studied in tissue homogenates. Beside enzyme activities tissue lipid peroxidation (LP), reduced glutathione (GSH) and hydroxyl radical loading of the tissues were measured.

Steroids 54. Amino acylamidosteroids.

Aminosteroids were prepared and acylated with protected amino acids by means of the mixed anhydride or the active ester method. The tert-butyloxycarbonyl- (BOC) protecting group was eliminated by acidolysis, and the benzyloxycarbonyl- (Z) group by catalytic hydrogenation. 3 beta- and 6 beta-Glycylamidosteroids were prepared by indirect amination of chloroacetamido derivatives, formed by the Ritter reaction on the corresponding 3 alpha,5 alpha-cyclo and 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxy steroids.

Ochratoxin production by Aspergillus species.

Ochratoxin production was tested in 172 strains representing species in sections Fumigati, Circumdati, Candidi, and Wentii of the genus Aspergillus by an immunochemical method using a monoclonal antibody preparation against ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin A was detected in Aspergillus ochraceus, A. alliaceus, A.

Continuous production of ethanol using yeast cells immobilized in preformed cellulose beads.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were immobilized on preformed cellulose beads by adsorption. The fermentation capacity of the immobilized yeast cells was found to be practically independent of the hydrogen ion concentration between pH 3.1 and 6.

Variability and inheritance of double-stranded RNA viruses in Phaffia rhodozyma.

The present survey demonstrates polymorphism in both the length and the number of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) among six Phaffia rhodozyma strains. Strains with one-, three- and four-types of dsRNA molecules were found, while two strains proved to be dsRNA-free. Elongated icosahedral virus-like particles (VLPs) 34x26 nm in size were detected in strains carrying four- or three-types of dsRNAs.

Molecular polymorphism and phenotypic variation in Aspergillus carbonarius.

Thirteen collection strains and field isolates of Aspergillus carbonarius were examined by using various genotypic and phenotypic approaches. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and the mitochondrial DNA of the strains revealed only slight variations, except for one field isolate (IN7), which exhibited completely different ribosomal RNA gene cluster and mitochondrial DNA patterns. The mitochondrial DNAs of these strains were found to be much larger (45 to 57 kb) than those found earlier in the A.

Liquid chromatography studies on the enzymatic degradation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues with off-line identification by mass spectrometry.

Several agonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are currently used for different therapeutic purposes, but relatively little is known about their metabolic fate after administration. This paper describes the application of high-performance liquid chromatography combined with off-line fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry to identify the degradation products resulting from the incubation of LHRH analogues with proteolytic enzymes. Three analogues, containing a psi(E,CH = CH) pseudo-peptide bond were synthesized and afforded to the assay to determine the resistance against alpha-chymotrypsin and subtilisin: [Tyr5 psi(E,CH = CH)Gly6]LHRH, [Gly6 psi(E,CH = CH)D,L-Leu7]LHRH and [Pro9 psi(E,CH = CH)Gly10 ]LHRH.

Chronic aluminum treatment results in aluminum deposits and affects Ml muscarinic receptors in rat brain.

The effects of chronic aluminum (Al) administration on the deposition of the metal and on the receptor binding characteristics of the Ml muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MlAChR) were studied in selected rat brain areas. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with an AlCl3 solution of 1.0 mg/ml/100 g of body weight for 5 weeks, 5 days a week.

A computer model of processes of binocular vision in the cerebral cortex.

Fundamentals and options of modeling cortical processes of binocular vision are dealt with in this paper. Physiologically characterized cell types of the visual cortex are modelled and used as basis of a network implementing a simulation of the binocular vision. An attempt is made to establish correlations between typical activity patterns of visual cortical cells and the network incorporating them.

A computer model of the visual cortex.

A three-layered simulation of the visual cortex was constructed, receiving inputs from 252 retinal photoreceptors. Lateral geniculate body was taken as a simple relay station. In the cortical module afferent neurons with circular receptive fields, orientation selective simple cells, tuned complex cells, excentricity neurons and different kinds of inhibitory neurons were included.