Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to robustly estimate differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms between children and adolescents with and without neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Method: Systematic literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest in September 2022 with a supplemental search conducted in Google Scholar in February 2023. The searches identified 2153 unique articles.

Effects of immune modulatory treatment on language and psychiatric profile in patients with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES).

Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) is an electrographic pattern associated with cognitive impairment. Our study aimed to prospectively evaluate the psychiatric findings and language skills in patients diagnosed with ESES and to determine the immune modulatory treatment-responsive subgroups. We assessed the patients for psychiatric features and language skills at the baseline and 12 months after.

Co-creation with AI: A painting therapy program aimed at ameliorating attention deficits in children with ADHD.

Art therapy has been proven to be efficacious in alleviating symptoms of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with the advent of artificial intelligence providing new technological means to engage and increase the participation levels of ADHD children. Nonetheless, research on the application of AI in art therapy remains scant. This study, predicated on a method involving ADHD children co-creating art with AI, has devised a therapeutic activity aimed at ameliorating their attention deficits.

Peer Problems and Prosocial Behavior Among Icelandic Children and Adolescents with ADHD and/or Autism: Gender and Age Differences.

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders tend to have more social difficulties than typically developing children. The aim of the current study was to examine parent and teacher-reported effects of age and gender on social functioning in a large clinical sample of children and adolescents with ADHD, autism, or co-occurring ADHD and autism using a cross-sectional study design. This nationwide clinical sample included 2132 Icelandic children and adolescents (35% girls, 65% boys) aged 5-18 years referred for a neurodevelopmental diagnostic assessment (ADHD and/or autism) in Iceland.

Association between infant feeding and ADHD development in childhood: a birth cohort study in Taiwan.

Background: Infant feeding plays a vital role in neurodevelopment, and a lack of breastfeeding and complementary feeding may increase the risk of developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, empirical evidence on this relationship remains uncertain, as most studies are based on cross-sectional designs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine this temporal relationship using longitudinal data from a birth cohort.

The challenge and promise of disentangling neurodevelopmental conditions a commentary on Davis et al. (2024).

This commentary evaluates the study by Davis et al. on the early behavioural manifestations of autism spectrum condition (ASC) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children. Davis et al.

Current Utilization of Bupropion Treatment in Children, Young Adults, and Adults in the United States.

While available for decades, the use of bupropion has increased in recent years. To provide an updated review on the use of bupropion, this article aimed to describe bupropion prescription details, potential indication, and treatment duration in children, young adults, and adults starting bupropion treatment. Individuals aged 6-64 newly initiating bupropion hydrochloride treatment were identified from commercial claims data (MarketScan, 1/1/2016-12/31/2022).

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype and Anti-Yo antibodies.

Background: Neuroinflammation seems to be involved in ADHD pathogenesis. Recently, in this regard, some evidence suggests the possibility of an autoimmune mechanism related to anti-Purkinje cell antibodies. The aim of this paper is to confirm this evidence searching for a possible specificity for some subtype of ADHD.

Association of premature birth and maternal education level on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: A meta-analysis.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. There is growing evidence that both preterm birth and maternal education levels substantially affect the likelihood of ADHD in children. However, there are limited systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining these associations.

Heart abnormality associates with a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analyses.

Psychiatric disorders and heart abnormality are closely interconnected. Previous knowledge has been well-established that psychiatric disorders can lead to increased cardiovascular morbidity and even sudden cardiac death. Conversely, whether heart abnormality contributes to psychiatric disorders remains rarely studied.

Annual Research Review: Micronutrients and their role in the treatment of paediatric mental illness.

The aim of this narrative review is to summarize evidence relating the importance of nutrient intake from diet and supplementation for paediatric mental health. We begin by reviewing several mechanisms by which nutrients maximize brain health, including enabling metabolic reactions to occur, supporting mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation and assisting with detoxification. Circumstances that may contribute to an individual requiring additional nutrients beyond what are available in the diet, such as consumption of nutritionally depleted food, individual differences in biological need, long-term medication use and gut-brain health needs are then reviewed.

Exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in an adult male with influenza A virus treated with oseltamivir.

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) package labeling has a warning for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAE), most commonly in children and adolescents, especially males. There are several case reports of NPAE in adults treated with oseltamivir, but few document patients with preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions without additional contributing factors. This case report describes a 22-year-old male with a history of bipolar disorder, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who had been stable on his medication regimen before experiencing sudden worsening of symptoms after the initiation of oseltamivir.

Comorbidity of physical illnesses and mental disorders in outpatients with tic disorders: a retrospective study using the outpatient case system.

Background: Tic disorder, a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that typically onsets during childhood, is characterized by sudden, involuntary, rapid, and non-rhythmic motor and vocal tics. Individuals with tic disorders often experience physical health issues. The purpose of our retrospective analysis was to elucidate the common comorbid physical diseases and mental disorders and their characteristics of outpatient children with tic disorders in a large public children's hospital in China over the past 5 years.

Safety and efficacy of dasotraline for patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 1594 patients including GRADE qualifications.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. It is one of the most common mental disorders in youth worldwide characterized by persistent overactivity and impulsivity/inattention symptoms associated with social and academic impairment. dasotraline has been suggested to play a pivotal role as a serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake inhibitor.

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychological, and neurostimulatory interventions for ADHD in adults: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis.

Background: The comparative benefits and harms of available interventions for ADHD in adults remain unclear. We aimed to address these important knowledge gaps.

Methods: In this systematic review and component network meta-analysis (NMA), we searched multiple databases for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD in adults from database inception to Sept 6, 2023.

Machine learning models for diagnosis and risk prediction in eating disorders, depression, and alcohol use disorder.

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses is hampered by the lack of reliable markers. This study used machine learning models to uncover diagnostic and risk prediction markers for eating disorders (EDs), major depressive disorder (MDD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: Case-control samples (aged 18-25 years), including participants with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), MDD, AUD, and matched controls, were used for diagnostic classification.

Applying Large Language Models to Assess Quality of Care: Monitoring ADHD Medication Side Effects.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of a large language model (LLM) in measuring clinician adherence to practice guidelines for monitoring side effects after prescribing medications for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study of electronic health records. Cohort included children aged 6 to 11 years with ADHD diagnosis and 2 or more ADHD medication encounters (stimulants or nonstimulants prescribed) between 2015 and 2022 in a community-based primary health care network (n = 1201).

Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Executive Function in Children Who Snore.

Introduction: Mild sleep-disordered breathing (mSDB) in children is associated with both neurobehavioral morbidity and reduced quality of life (QOL). However, the association between symptom burden and QOL with executive function is not well understood, and it is not known whether QOL and symptom burden may help identify children with neurocognitive dysfunction.

Objective: To assess associations among executive function, QOL, and symptom burden in children with mSDB.

Facial Affect Recognition and Executive Function Abnormalities in ADHD Subjects: An ERP Study.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 12% of children worldwide. With a 50% chance of persistence into adulthood and associations with impairments in various domains, including social and emotional ones, early diagnosis is crucial. The exact neural substrates of ADHD are still unclear.

Increased risk of autism in extremely preterm children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity.

Aim: To investigate the association between retinopathy of prematurity and autism spectrum disorder in extremely preterm children.

Methods: Data in children born extremely preterm at <28 weeks' gestational age in the Region Västra Götaland, 2013-2017, were analysed for association between retinopathy of prematurity and neurodevelopmental disorders. We focussed on autism spectrum disorder and excluded children with perinatal brain injuries or genetic disorders.

The mediating effects of mobile phone use on ADHD and educational outcomes: a two-step Mendelian randomisation study.

Objective: This study investigates the potential mediating role of mobile phone screen time in the causal relationships between Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and educational attainment. Our analysis explores both the effect of ADHD on educational outcomes and the reverse, i.e.

Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on emotion regulation in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.

Background And Objective: A growing body of research evidence suggests that many patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties with emotion regulation. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), which mainly includes transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), has been considered a potential new direction in the treatment of emotion dysregulation in ADHD patients. The key components of tES are transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation as a potential therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: modulation of the noradrenergic pathway in the prefrontal lobe.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental impairments, inattention, motor hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Currently, there is no effective intervention that can completely cure it. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of ADHD involves abnormalities in the norepinephrine (NE) pathway within the prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Do I Have ADHD? Diagnosis of ADHD in Adulthood and Its Mimics in the Neurology Clinic.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that causes difficulties with sustained attention, executive functioning, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and/or emotional regulation. Although many people are diagnosed with ADHD in childhood, others seek diagnosis in adulthood. Many adults have already reviewed available clinical scales or screening tools for ADHD and are referred for evaluation of attention problems by their primary care providers.

Drug detection in oral fluid and urine after single therapeutic doses of dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, and methylphenidate in healthy volunteers.

Dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, and methylphenidate are central stimulant drugs widely used to treat Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but poor adherence may lead to treatment failure and the drugs are also subject to misuse and diversion. Drug analysis in oral fluid may thus be useful for monitoring adherence and misuse. We measured drug concentrations in oral fluid and urine after controlled dosing to investigate detection windows and evaluate the chosen cut-offs.