1,956 results match your criteria: "Atlantoaxial Instability"

Introduction: Os odontoideum (OO) is a rare anatomic variant of the axis characterized by the separation of a part of the axis. It may cause cervical instability, atlantoaxial dislocation, myelopathy, or permanent paralysis. We present an extremely rare case of an OO with posterior atlantoaxial dislocation in a child.

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Traumatic posterior atlantoaxial dislocation (TPAD) without an associated fracture is a rare and challenging spinal injury. This PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)-compliant case-based systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively explore TPAD, covering clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical and radiological outcomes. Following the presentation of a case of TPAD without an associated fracture, we conducted a systematic search of electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, from inception through October 2023, without language restrictions.

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Clinical features and outcomes of basilar invagination.

Neurosurg Rev

November 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45th, Beijing, China.

Basilar invagination has been classified into two types by Goel: Type A is defined mechanical instability of the atlantoaxial joint with upward displacement of the odontoid process while Type B is characterized by stable atlantoaxial joints. This study reviews the association between radiological features and symptomatology and prognosis of two types of basilar invagination for better clinical management. A retrospective analysis was conducted including 141 patients diagnosed with basilar invagination who underwent surgical treatment from January 2016 to December 2020.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A comprehensive literature search identified 106 studies involving 2086 pediatric patients, with the majority of cases stemming from atlantoaxial instability and often utilizing iliac crest or rib autografts for surgery.
  • * The review reports a high overall fusion rate of 95.8% for these pediatric procedures, with similar success rates observed for cases involving the occipitocervical junction compared to those without such involvement.
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Objective: Fractures of the atlas are typically considered stable or unstable based on the integrity of the transverse ligament. Whereas stable Jefferson burst fractures can be treated nonoperatively, unstable fractures with disruption of the transverse ligament often require surgical intervention. Atlas osteosynthesis has been proposed as a motion-preserving alternative to atlantoaxial fusion.

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Background: Although 10% to 60% of patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop atlantoaxial instability (AAI), clarifying the course of asymptomatic AAI may prevent unnecessary clinical interactions and investigations. This study investigates the radiographic changes observed in asymptomatic AAI associated with DS in Japanese children as they grow from infancy to adolescence over a minimum of 10 years.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of cervical radiographs acquired from asymptomatic patients with DS in both infancy and adolescence was carried out.

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Background: This study aims to conduct a finite element analysis (FEA) to assess the bio-mechanical properties of C2 sagittal-parallel pedicle screw (PPS) in fixation for atlantoaxial instability, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for its clinical application.

Methods: A total of 5 intact C1-2 finite element models were established. Based on this, instability models were developed and two different fixation methods were applied for each model: C1 lateral mass screw (LMS) combined with C2 sagittal-parallel pedicle screw (C1LMS + C2PPS), and C1 lateral mass screw combined with C2 traditional pedicle screw (C1LMS + C2PS).

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Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) is a type of short-limbed dwarfism characterized by platyspondylia, delayed metaphyseal ossification, and irregularly shaped bones. Anesthetic issues in patients with SEDC have reportedly included airway stenosis caused by laryngotracheal hypoplasia, ventilation difficulty due to facial hypoplasia, and intubation difficulty attributed to microgenia. Furthermore, atlantoaxial instability can lead to cervical dislocation due to excessive or violent manipulation of the head and neck.

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Article Synopsis
  • A multicenter cohort study was conducted to investigate the long-term prevalence and worsening of cervical spine instabilities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), involving 634 outpatients, with 233 followed for over 10 years.
  • Cervical spine instability was assessed through specific measurements, with findings indicating that both vertical and subaxial subluxation increased significantly over time.
  • Key predictors for worsening conditions included advanced joint damage, prolonged duration of RA, elevated C-reactive protein levels, and past joint surgery, highlighting the importance of managing disease activity to prevent further complications.
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Dystopic Os Odontoideum With Chronic Posterior Atlantoaxial Subluxation: A Case Report.

Cureus

October 2024

Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, EGY.

Os odontoideum is considered a rare cervical spine anomaly. Depending on its type, it may or may not result in atlantoaxial instability, which can lead to anterior subluxation (the most common type) or posterior subluxation, with the latter being extremely rare. Posterior atlantoaxial subluxation is particularly dangerous, as it can progressively lead to myelopathy through various mechanisms and may ultimately result in quadriplegia or even death.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of a monoaxial screw-rod system and anterior screw fixation for C1 and type II odontoid fractures.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 2 consecutive patients with acute C1 and Anderson-D'Alonzo type II odontoid fractures. Both patients underwent treatment using a posterior monoaxial screw-rod system and anterior screw fixation.

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Article Synopsis
  • - A 24-year-old male experienced a posterior circulation ischemic stroke due to vertebral artery insufficiency caused by an unstable os odontoideum, highlighting the rare but serious risks associated with atlantoaxial instability and dislocation.
  • - Clinical evaluations revealed recurrent limb numbness and weakness linked to thrombosis in the left vertebral artery, leading to effective treatment through antiplatelet therapy and surgical intervention.
  • - The case underscores the importance of considering unstable os odontoideum as a potential cause for unexplained strokes in young individuals, particularly young males, and stresses the need for targeted imaging to assess vertebral artery injuries.
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Article Synopsis
  • Occipitocervical arthrodesis is a surgical procedure used to treat serious neck issues that regular cervical fusion can't fix, and its significance has changed over time due to new techniques and technologies.
  • A bibliometric analysis of literature on occipitocervical fusion was conducted, revealing trends in publications, citations, and topics of interest, highlighting the increase in studies related to Ehlers Danlos syndrome and ongoing concerns regarding dysphagia.
  • Key findings indicated that the number of relevant publications peaked in 2020 but has since declined, with the USA, China, and Japan being the leading contributors to the research in this field.
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Introduction: Christianson syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with mutations in the gene located on the chromosome X. It is characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, speech and language impairments, dysmorphic features, seizures, ataxia, and neurobehavioral problems.

Case Presentation: A 5-year-old boy was presented with respiratory failure and then progressive muscle weakness in all four extremities.

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C1-C2 fixation has been developed for the rigid fusion of atlantoaxial instability. C1 lateral mass screw (C1 LMS)-C2 pedicle screw fixation is used more frequently due to its rigid fixation and high bone fusion rate. However, C1 screw placement is relatively unsafe even with recently developed image-based navigation systems.

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Background: Unlike simple fractures, complex Type III odontoid fractures-characterized by intricate morphology and pathomechanics-pose significant management challenges. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of conservative and surgical treatment modalities for these complex fractures, with a focus on assessing factors influencing fracture union.

Methods: Following approval of our institutional review board, this retrospective observational cohort study was conducted.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study focuses on the biomechanical stabilization of the occipitocervical junction using novel multi-rod constructs to address challenging pathologies that arise due to limited bone surfaces in this area.
  • - Researchers evaluated different rod configurations (2-rod TI, 2-rod CoCr, 3-rods, and 4-rods) and used finite element modeling to assess stress and range of motion across the OC-C4 junction.
  • - Results indicated that 3- and 4-rod constructs exhibit lower stress on the rods compared to 2-rod constructs, while showing similar functionality regarding range of motion and discal stresses.
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Upper cervical epidural abscess with emphasis on diabetes as a risk factor: a case report.

BMC Neurol

September 2024

Department of Medicine, Doctor Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Article Synopsis
  • * It presents a case study of a 56-year-old man with no previous health issues who developed neurological deficits due to UCEA, but after a two-stage surgical intervention, he achieved full motor recovery three months later.
  • * The authors suggest that diabetes screening is important for patients with spinal epidural abscesses, and emphasize that surgical treatment is usually necessary, especially for UCEA, due to the potential for joint instability.
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Article Synopsis
  • The report discusses a case of an eight-year-old boy who suffered a Jefferson fracture with a related unstable avulsion fracture and damage to the transverse atlantal ligament.
  • The patient was treated conservatively with a halo vest and a SOMI brace, leading to a full recovery.
  • Follow-up imaging showed successful healing of the injury and stability at the C1/2 spinal level, contributing valuable insights into managing rare pediatric neck injuries without surgery.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study compared minimally invasive surgery for posterior atlantoaxial lateral mass joint fusion (MIS-PALF) with the traditional Goel-Harms technique in patients with atlantoaxial instability or dislocation, focusing on postoperative outcomes and complications.
  • Results showed that MIS-PALF led to significantly less blood loss during surgery, a shorter hospital stay, reduced postoperative pain, and lower usage of narcotics compared to the Goel-Harms technique, despite not showing significant differences in other clinical outcomes.
  • This study is notable as the first prospective cohort study investigating the benefits of the MIS-PALF approach, suggesting it may be a superior option for patients facing AAI/D.
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