A D1 receptor antagonist, ecopipam, for treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome.

Objectives: Dysregulation of dopaminergic signaling has been hypothesized to underlie the motor and phonic tics in Tourette syndrome (TS). The objective of this trial was to evaluate the safety and tic-reducing activity of the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist ecopipam in adults with TS.

Methods: This was a multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label study of 50-mg ecopipam daily (weeks 1-2) and then 100 mg daily (weeks 3-8), taken orally before bedtime.

Movement disorders in women: a review.

The field of women's health developed based on the recognition that there are important sex-based differences regarding several aspects of medical illnesses. We performed a literature review to obtain information about differences between women and men for neurological movement disorders. We identified important differences in prevalence, genetics, clinical expression, course, and treatment responses.

Treatment of Tourette syndrome.

Tourette's syndrome (TS) consists of chronic motor and phonic tics and characteristically begins in childhood. The tics can be disabling and commonly associated behavioral comorbities such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), can also cause problems in daily functioning. The underlying etiology and neurobiology of TS remain unknown although genetic factors appear to be important, cortical control of basal ganglia motor function appears to be disturbed and neurochemical abnormalities, particularly involving dopamine neurotransmission, are likely present.

Movement disorders after stroke in adults: a review.

Background: Movement disorders occur in association with stroke and may have important clinical implications.

Methods: We reviewed the medical literature regarding the clinical phenomenology, prevalence, localization and etiologic implications, and treatments for movement disorders occurring after stroke in adult patients.

Results: Movement disorders occur uncommonly after stroke and include both hyperkinetic and parkinsonian conditions.

A multicenter randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of pramipexole for Tourette's syndrome.

Background: Dopamine agonists could theoretically normalize the suspected central dopamine hypersensitivity in Tourette's syndrome.

Methods: There was a multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of pramipexole given for 6 weeks in 63 children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome.

Results: There were no significant differences in the adjusted mean change in the Total Tic Score of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale for patients treated with pramipexole (-7.

Nervous system lyme disease: is there a controversy?

Infection with the tick-borne spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, affects the nervous system in well-defined ways. Accurate diagnostic tools and effective therapeutic regimens are now well established. Persistent misconceptions about (1) the role and interpretation of laboratory tests, (2) what is and is not evidence of nervous system infection, and (3) what constitutes an expected response to treatment have fostered widespread perceptions that this disease is highly controversial.

Nervous system Lyme disease.

Lyme disease, the multi-system infection caused by the tick-borne spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi, can involve the nervous system, most commonly causing, alone or in combination, lymphocytic meningitis or abnormalities of cranial or peripheral nerves, the latter most typically presenting as a painful radicular syndrome. Diagnosis is based on appropriately used, standard serological tests; in instances where the central nervous system is involved, cerebrospinal fluid assessment for organism-specific antibodies can be useful. Treatment with any of several standard regimens of oral or parenteral antimicrobials is highly effective.

Tourette's Disorder.

Tourette's disorder (TD) is a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics. TD frequently occurs with other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and may contribute to reduced quality of life and disability. Currently available treatments to reduce tics are limited by variable clinical response and frequent adverse effects.

Nervous system lyme disease: diagnosis and treatment.

Lyme disease, the multisystem infectious disease caused by the tickborne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, frequently affects the peripheral and central nervous systems. The earliest indication of Lyme disease infection is usually erythema migrans. This large, typically macular erythema, often with a target-like pattern of concentric pale and red circles, gradually enlarges day by day, potentially reaching many centimeters in diameter.

Nervous system Lyme disease.

Lyme disease affects the nervous system in about 10% to 15% of infected individuals, most commonly causing lymphocytic meningitis. Cranial neuropathies, particularly facial nerve palsy, also occur frequently. Figuring prominently in the European literature, but less emphasized in the United States, is painful radiculitis, radicular pain involving a limb or trunk dermatome.

Diagnosis and treatment of the neuromuscular manifestations of lyme disease.

Although estimates vary, the nervous system appears to be involved in 10% to 15% of patients infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. The resulting disorders, known collectively as neuroborreliosis or nervous system Lyme disease, generally respond well to antimicrobial therapy. Definitive treatment of nervous system infection typically consists of 2 to 4 weeks of parenteral ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or high-dose penicillin (Class III).

Seizures. Regaining control.

Witnessing a seizure is not something you're likely to forget, but as a bedside nurse it's something you're bound to experience. Seizures are a transient disruption in brain function caused by excessive electrical discharge of cortical neurons in one or more areas of the brain. They affect an estimated 2.