Anti-IL-5 treatment, but not neutrophil interference, attenuates inflammation in a mixed granulocytic asthma mouse model, elicited by air pollution.

Introduction: Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) have been proven to aggravate asthma pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that concurrent exposure to house dust mite (HDM) and DEP in mice increases both eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and also results in higher levels of neutrophil-recruiting chemokines and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation compared to sole HDM, sole DEP or saline exposure. We aimed to evaluate whether treatment with anti-IL-5 can alleviate the asthmatic features in this mixed granulocytic asthma model.

Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socio-economic health gradient.

We conducted a genome-wide association study on income among individuals of European descent (N = 668,288) to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status and health disparities. We identified 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes (the Income Factor). Our polygenic index captures 1-5% of income variance, with only one fourth due to direct genetic effects.

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Anticonvulsants.

Background: Antiepileptics are the mainstay of treatment for seizure management. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions associated with antiepileptics are common. It is important to differentiate between these reactions as management and prognosis varies.

From pediatric emergency department to pediatric intensive care unit: a retrospective study in a French Tertiary University hospital.

Objective: The management of a child presenting with a critical medical or surgical condition is a scarce event in the pediatric emergency department (PED). In this one year retrospective study, we have tried to better characterize the profile and care pathway of children who had been transferred to the neonatal or pediatric intensive care or critical care units (PICCU) after a visit to the PED, or died in PED.

Methods: Retrospective study of children who has been transferred to PICCU from the two PED of Marseille's University Hospital from the 1 of January 2022 until the 31 of December 2022.

Chronic disease prevalence and preventive care among Ontario social housing residents compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Older adults living in social housing report poor health and access to healthcare services. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases, influenza vaccination and cancer screenings among social housing residents versus non-residents in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study for all health-insured Ontarians alive and aged 40 or older as of 1 January 2020.

Glycolysis in asthma: Its role and potential as a diagnostic or therapeutic target.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. A number of immune cells are involved in asthma pathogenesis, such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes and neutrophils, as well as airway epithelial cells. Glycolysis plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, and serves as a bridge between metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction.

Pharmacokinetic modeling of prenatal vitamin D exposure and the impact on offspring asthma and pulmonary function.

Gestational 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is important in fetal lung development and may influence offspring respiratory outcomes, making accurate exposure assessment essential to understand clinical associations. Therefore, we used the combined data from two large RCTs investigating prenatal vitamin D supplementation, which included early and late prenatal 25(OH)D measurements, to refine a population pharmacokinetic model of vitamin D-25(OH)D and estimate individual area under the curve (AUC) Z-scores. The primary outcome was physician-diagnosed offspring asthma/wheezing at ages 3 and 6 years, and lung function, as a secondary outcome, was evaluated by spirometry at the ages 6 and 8 years.

The efficacy and safety of Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) on cough symptoms in adult patients with asthma, A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study: Chronic Cough in Asthma (COCOA) study.

Persistent cough bothers many patients with asthma because it worsens their quality of life; therefore, it must be remedied immediately. The efficacy of triple therapy as a first-line treatment for cough remains unclear. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the triple therapy againts persistent cough, the clinical effect of regular treatment with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) or placebo in adult patients with asthma was investigated.

The relationship between fatigue levels and psychosocial adjustment in elderly individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A descriptive study.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with physical limitations and significant social, psychological, and behavioral challenges. This study investigates the relationship between fatigue levels and psychosocial adjustment in COPD patients, considering their sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with 160 COPD patients hospitalized in the Pulmonology Department of a university hospital.

Race and Ethnicity as Factors in Healthcare Discrimination in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Purpose: Discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on certain characteristics. Discrimination in health care can impede access to quality care for patients and lead to poor health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate factors, including race and ethnicity, associated with discrimination in health care in the United States.

Emerging biological treatments for asthma.

Introduction: Severe asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by many pathomechanisms known as endotypes. Biological therapies targeting severe asthma endotypes have significantly improved the treatment of this disease, thus remarkably bettering patient quality of life.

Areas Covered: This review aims to describe current biological therapies for severe asthma, highlighting emerging ones.

Analyzing Pathophysiology and Immune Cells and Their Cytokines and Mediators in Precision-Cut Slices of the Murine Lung.

Understanding the dynamic pathophysiology of diseases in the lung, such as asthma and chronic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, is crucial for the treatment, analysis, and outcome of these diseases. Unlike other traditional models, we suggest a protocol that is sustainable and reproducible and offers different analysis methods while maintaining in vivo lung architecture and immune dynamics. This protocol allows one to study the pathophysiological changes, including changes to the immune cells, cytokines, and mediators, in 30 precision-cut lung slices from a single murine lung.

From gastroenteritis to myocarditis: a case series of Campylobacter-mediated cardiac involvement.

Background: While viruses remain the leading cause of infectious myocarditis, improved diagnostic methods have highlighted the role of bacteria as a possible cause. We report two cases of myocarditis as a complication of infection.

Case Summaries: Patient A, a 17-year-old Caucasian male with a history of asthma, presented to the emergency department (ED) after experiencing fever and nausea for four days, followed by 1 day of diarrhoea and chest discomfort.

Monkey multi-organ cell atlas exposed to estrogen.

Awareness of estrogen's effects on health is broadening rapidly. The effects of long-term high levels of estrogen on the body involve multiple organs. Here, we used both single-cell chromatin accessibility and RNA sequencing data to analyze the potential effect of estrogen on major organs.

Internal migration and its association with childhood asthma in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Differences in asthma prevalence between urban and rural areas have been observed worldwide. Epidemiological studies in middle- and low-income countries suggest that internal migration processes may partly explain these disparities.

Objective: To investigate the association between internal migration and asthma in children living in transitional areas of Ecuador.

Systemic corticosteroid dose-response effects in asthma: an observational cohort study.

https://bit.ly/3zzl2QN.

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Pediatric Research on Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.

Background: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a prevalent food allergy in early childhood, significantly impacting the quality of life for affected children. Current palliative measures, such as specialized formula milk, offer temporary relief but are costly and fail to address the underlying issue. Thus, there is a critical need to better understand CMPA and explore new treatment options.

Secondary Immunodeficiency.

The field of medicine is constantly changing and, as healthcare providers, we are fortunate to be practicing in a time when patients are living longer and novel therapeutic options continue to evolve. However, these new advances may be associated with adverse effects that practitioners need to be aware of. Some of these impair the immune system leading to secondary immunodeficiencies (SID) that increase host susceptibility to infections and other complications.

HMOX1 as a potential drug target for upper and lower airway diseases: insights from multi-omics analysis.

Background: Oxidative stress is key in inflammatory airway diseases. Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) regulates oxidative stress, but its role in airway diseases needs exploration.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between healthy nasal mucosa and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) were identified from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Comparative analysis of ambient, in-home, and personal exposures reveals associations between breathing zone pollutant levels and asthma exacerbations in high-risk children.

Background: Air pollution is associated with poor asthma outcomes in children. However, most studies focus on ambient or indoor monitor pollution levels. Few studies evaluate breathing zone exposures, which may be more consequential for asthma outcomes.

Association of LPCAT1-rs8352 genetic variant with susceptibility and severity of pediatric bronchial asthma: a case-control study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the possible association of LPCAT1-rs8352 genetic variant (single nucleotide change C to G) with the onset and severity of pediatric asthma. Additionally, the study examined the influence of LPCAT1-rs8352 genotypes on asthma-related biomarkers including blood eosinophils count (BEC), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) and on lung function [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the forced vital capacity (FVC)].

Patients And Methods: The study included ninety-six participant grouped into two groups: G1 (46 asthmatics) and G2 (50 healthy controls).

Retrospective evaluation of patients admitted to the intensive care unit due to obstetric reasons in terms of maternal near-miss, a five-year case-control study.

Background: Maternal Near-Miss (MNM) has become globally recognized as an indicator of pregnancy, birth and the first 42 days of postpartum care services. The World Health Organization has taken a new approach to detail and better analyze maternal deaths. The clinic-based criteria to evaluate maternal care and the quality of related care services have been developed.