Challenges in designing interventions for food insecure families with food allergy in a Californian latinx cohort.

Food allergy poses substantial social, economic, and quality of life burdens which are even heavier for families that are struggling with food insecurity. In the United States (US), food insecurity disproportionately affects vulnerable and historically marginalized communities, such as Latino/a/x and Black households. Targeting these disparities via our recent Food Equality Initiative (FEI) research intervention was challenging due to the barriers faced by the target underserved populations, which included poor digital literacy, language barriers, and limited access to necessary resources.

Eosinophils: old cells, new directions.

Eosinophils are polymorphonuclear cells that have progressively gained attention due to their involvement in multiple diseases and, more recently, in various homeostatic processes. Their well-known roles range from asthma and parasitic infections to less prevalent diseases such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and hypereosinophilic syndrome. In recent years, various biological therapies targeting these cells have been developed, altering the course of eosinophilic pathologies.

Stellate Ganglion Block and Bilateral Sympathectomy for Recurrent Coronary Vasospasm Secondary to Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.

A 42-year-old man experienced recurrent coronary artery spasm (CAS) secondary to eosinophilic asthma despite being on multiple medications. He underwent a successful unilateral stellate ganglion block followed by bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy, with no subsequent recurrence of CAS. These invasive therapies offer a potential treatment option for refractory CAS.

Mendelian randomization studies of risk and protective factors for osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mendelian randomization is believed to attenuate the biases inherent in observational studies, yet a meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies in osteoporosis has not been conducted thus far. This study aims to evaluate the connection between potential causal factors and the risk of osteoporosis by synthesizing evidence from Mendelian randomization studies.

Methods: The databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for Mendelian randomization studies investigating factors influencing osteoporosis up to May 2024.

In perennial allergic rhinitis, RQLQ is improved similarly by Azelastine 0.15 and mometasone furoate.

Unlabelled: Some double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown that Azelastine (Aze) high dose (0.15%) was effective in seasonal (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). However, there was no long-term comparison between Aze 0.

The Association Between Occupational Smoke Exposures and the Prevalence of Eye and Respiratory Health Conditions Among Commercial Fish Smokers in Abuesi, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Self-Reported Study.

Biomass smoke exposure represents a critical health concern, especially for those in occupational settings such as fish smoking. While substantial research has addressed indoor air pollution from domestic cooking, the specific risks faced by fish smokers have received insufficient attention. This study sheds light on the alarming relationship between smoke exposure and health issues among commercial fish smokers in Abuesi, Ghana.

Pharmacokinetics and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion profiling of tanimilast following an intravenous C-microtracer coadministered with an inhaled dose in healthy male individuals.

Tanimilast is an inhaled phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor currently in phase III clinical development for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. This trial aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolite profiling of tanimilast. Eight healthy male volunteers received a single dose of nonradiolabeled tanimilast via powder inhaler (Chiesi NEXThaler [3200 μg]), followed by a concomitant intravenous infusion of a microtracer ([C]-tanimilast: 18.

A proof-of-mechanism trial in asthma with lunsekimig, a bispecific nanobody® molecule.

Background: Monovalent biologics blocking thymic stromal lymphopoietin or interleukin-13 have been shown to elicit pharmacodynamic responses in asthma following a single dose. Therefore, dual blockade of these cytokines may result in an enhanced response compared to single targeting and has the potential to break efficacy ceilings in asthma. This study assessed the safety and tolerability of lunsekimig, a bispecific NANOBODY molecule that blocks thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-13, and its effect on Type 2 inflammatory biomarkers and lung function in asthma.

Risk of long covid in patients with pre-existing chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: An estimated 10-30% of people with COVID-19 experience debilitating long-term symptoms or long covid. Underlying health conditions associated with chronic inflammation may increase the risk of long covid.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether long covid risk was altered by pre-existing asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults.

COMPARING MESH AND COMPRESSOR NEBULIZERS IN PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST IN PEDIATRIC ASTHMA ATTACKS: A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE CLINICAL TRIAL.

Objective: Asthma is a prevalent global health issue, especially affecting children in numerous countries. Our study aimed to determine the most effective nebulizer type by comparing the effects of mesh nebulizers (MNs) and compressor nebulizers (CNs) on spirometry tests in pediatric asthma attacks.

Methods: The prospective, double-blind, randomized comparative study was conducted with patients aged 7-15 presenting with asthma attacks.

Emerging evidence for the impact of Electric Vehicle sales on childhood asthma: Can ZEV mandates help?

Growing epidemiological studies indicate a significant fraction of asthma cases can be attributed to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). Zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates-one of the most forward-looking climate policies in the United States-aim to reduce TRAP by mandating automakers to sell a certain fraction of Electric Vehicles (EVs) annually; however, their public health benefits are largely unknown. We conduct the screening step of the health impact assessment (HIA) of real-world EV sales to estimate the impact of ZEV mandates in reducing childhood asthma.

Perioperative Dysphagia Considerations for Patients With Severe Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Study Design: Cohort study with consecutive cases.

Objectives: Dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery is a well-known complication. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for dysphagia in patients with cervical myelopathy requiring surgery.

MiR-186-5p carried by M2 macrophage-derived exosomes downregulates TRPP2 expression in airway smooth muscle to alleviate asthma progression.

Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that remains an unresolved problem. Reportedly M2 macrophages and exosomes play a role in inflammation, including asthma. We investigated the roles of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exos) effect in asthmatic progression by using ovalbumin (OVA) induced asthmatic mice model.

Zyxin-a novel detrimental target, is inhibited by Saikosaponin A during allergic asthma.

Background: Allergic asthma is a heterogeneous disease involving numerous inflammatory cells. Mast cell (MC) plays a key role during allergic asthma. Saikosaponin A (SSA) inhibits MC activation and ameliorates allergic asthma, however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear.

A new computational framework for simulating airway resistance, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and diffusing capacity for nitric oxide.

In this paper, we present a new computational framework for the simulation of airway resistance, the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and the diffusion capacity for nitric oxide in healthy and unhealthy lungs. Our approach is firstly based on a realistic representation of the geometry of healthy lungs as a function of body mass, which compares well with data from the literature, particularly in terms of lung volume and alveolar surface area. The original way in which this geometry is created, including an individual definition of the airways in the first seven generations of the lungs, makes it possible to consider the heterogeneous nature of the lungs in terms of perfusion and ventilation.

Assessment of the underreporting of rhinitis in patients with asthma: A MASK-air® real-world study.

Rhinitis is a common comorbidity in patients with asthma. However, the frequency of underreported rhinitis in asthma is not known. In this study, we aimed to assess the characteristics of patients with self-reported asthma and no self-reported rhinitis, as well as the extent of the underreporting of rhinitis.

Role of interleukin-4 receptor α polymorphism in patients with asthma and its correlation with asthma severity.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It is defined by the history of respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough that vary over time and intensity, together with variable expiratory airflow limitation. A personal history or a family history of allergy is the factor most strongly associated with the development of asthma.

The role of the early-life gut microbiome in childhood asthma.

Asthma is a chronic disease affecting millions of children worldwide, and in severe cases requires hospitalization. The etiology of asthma is multifactorial, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, the role of the early-life gut microbiome in relation to asthma has become apparent, supported by an increasing number of population studies, research, and intervention trials.

Association between oxidative balance score and all-cause, CVD and respiratory-related mortality in the US older adults of asthma patients with diabetes.

Background: This study aims to investigate the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS) and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory-related mortality within a cohort that includes older asthma patients with diabetes.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2001 to 2018, which included 611 participants, were analyzed. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking the data to National Death Index (NDI) records through December 31, 2019.

Cannabis consumption and risk of asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cannabis is the third most widely used psychoactive substance globally, and its consumption has been increasing, particularly with the growing trend of legalization for medicinal and recreational use. Recent studies have raised concerns about the potential impact of cannabis on respiratory health, specifically the risk of asthma, a significant public health concern. This systematic review aimed to consolidate research on the association between cannabis use and the risk of asthma.

Methodological considerations for estimating indirect costs in children and adolescents with chronic conditions: a scoping review.

Background: In children and adolescents, the prevalence of chronic diseases, e.g., obesity, asthma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has increased in the last decades.

Ectopic thyroid tissue in the airway: a case report.

Background: Ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) is a rare congenital anomaly caused by the abnormal embryonic migration of thyroid tissue, leading to its presence outside its usual pretracheal location. This condition can lead to diagnostic challenges, especially when located within the airway, as it mimics other respiratory disorders such as asthma.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 69-year-old man with endotracheal ETT presenting with severe dyspnea, and the lesion was initially suspected to be malignant.

[Severe eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis-related peripheral neuropathy after the cessation of mepolizumab. A case report].

A 78-years-old man was treated for asthma and pansinusitis for >5 years, and mepolizumab was initiated two years previously. Two months after the cessation of mepolizumab treatment, the asthma symptoms worsened and acute progressive muscle weakness and sensory disturbance developed. On day 8 after the onset of weakness and hypoesthesia, the patient presented with complete flaccid tetraplegia and diffuse hypoesthesia of all extremities, without paresthesia or pain, and was admitted to our hospital.