Overview on Current Selectable Marker Systems and Novel Marker Free Approaches in Fruit Tree Genetic Engineering.

Selectable marker genes are useful for recognizing which cells have integrated specific sequences in their genome after genetic transformation processes. They are especially important for fruit trees genetic transformation to individuate putatively genetically modified events, because most of the protocols used to genetic engineer these species are often unsuccessful or with low efficiency. Traditional selectable marker genes, mainly of bacterial origin, confer antibiotics/herbicides-resistance or metabolic advantages to transformed cells.

Crosstalk Between Oxidative Stress and Epigenetics: Unveiling New Biomarkers in Human Infertility.

The correlation between epigenetic alterations and the pathophysiology of human infertility is progressively being elucidated with the discovery of an increasing number of target genes that exhibit altered expression patterns linked to reproductive abnormalities. Several genes and molecules are emerging as important for the future management of human infertility. In men, microRNAs (miRNAs) like miR-34c, miR-34b, and miR-122 regulate apoptosis, sperm production, and germ cell survival, while other factors, such as miR-449 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), influence testicular health, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function.

Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Cap Gene of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Confers Protection in Mice and Induced Long-Lasting Neutralizing Antibodies in Pigs.

: Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection poses significant health and economic challenges to the global swine industry. The disease in pigs leads to lymphoid depletion, resulting in immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to co-infections with other bacterial and viral pathogens. This study evaluated the efficacy of two novel recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain R2B vectored vaccines that express the cap gene of PCV2 alone and along with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail (TMCT) domains of the NDV F gene.

Functionalization of monolithic MOF thin films with hydrocarbon chains to achieve superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable water adhesion strength.

While the accessible pores render an enormous variety of functionalities to the bulk of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the outer surfaces exposed by these crystalline materials also offer unique characteristics not available when using conventional substrates. By grafting hydrocarbon chains to well-defined MOF thin films (SURMOFs) prepared using layer-by-layer methods, we were able to fabricate superhydrophobic substrates with static water contact angles over 160°. A detailed theoretical modelling of the hydrocarbon chains grafted on the outer SURMOF surface with well-defined spacing between anchoring points reveals that the grafted hydrocarbon chains behave similarly to polymer brushes during wetting, where conformational entropy is traded with mixing entropy.

Differential Gene Expression and Transcriptomics Reveal High M-Gene Expression in JN.1 and KP.1/2 Omicron Sub-Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Developing More Sensitive Diagnostic Tests.

SARS-CoV-2, a positive-strand RNA virus, utilizes both genomic replication and subgenomic mRNA transcription. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) from clinical samples can estimate viral gene expression levels. WGS was conducted on 529 SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical samples from Assam and northeastern India to track viral emergence and assess gene expression patterns.

Ethanol-assisted stimulated graphene oxide as support for CuO/NiO nanoparticles.

Herein we report the first successful synthesis of ethanol-assisted generated reduced graphene oxide as a support for CuO/NiO nanoparticles. Through the strategic incorporation of Cu and Ni precursors into ethanol, followed by thermal treatment, we achieved the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide-supported CuO/NiO nanoparticles. The material underwent thorough characterization using FT-IR, XRD, TEM, XPS, Raman, and UV-DRS analysis.

Small angle X-ray scattering and based structure and function analysis of a novel xylobiohydrolase (GH30A) from .

Xylobiohydrolase plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of xylan, a complex polysaccharide present in the cell walls of plants. This study focuses on the solution structure and substrate binding analysis of a novel xylobiohydrolase, GH30A, from . Secondary structure analysis of GH30A in an aqueous environment using Circular Dichroism and modeling revealed an α/β/α sandwich structure with a central β-barrel comprising eight β-strands.

Adivasi (Tea Tribe) worldviews of living close to wild Asian elephants in Assam, India.

In Assam state, northeastern India, human-elephant conflict mitigation has included technocentric measures, such as installation of barriers, alternative livelihoods, and afforestation. Such measures treat conflict as a technical problem with linear cause-effect relations and are usually ineffective over the long term because they do not consider how historical conditions have shaped present interactions between humans and elephants. Human-elephant encounters in South Asia, including in Assam, have arisen from colonial and postcolonial land-use policies, ethnic relations, and capital extraction.

Assessment of reproductive, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects of leachate-contaminated water in male mice.

Leachate-contaminated water (LCS) poses significant health risks due to its heavy metal content and altered physicochemical properties. This study examined the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in LCS and assessed its reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxic effects in exposed mice. Groups of mice (n = 5) were orally administered 100 μL of 30 % and 70 % LCS (v/v) twice daily for 35 days.

Strained Ion Pair Interactions-Driven Anion-Assisted Concerted Addition of Ketoximes/Aldoximes and Hydroxamic Acids to Glycals.

Oximes and hydroxylamides are notable for their role as coupling partners in organic synthesis. However, their direct application as acceptors in -glycosylation with glycal donors remains largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce a novel 2-deoxy glycosylation method for synthesizing N-O linked glycosides facilitated by sterically strained 2,4,6-tri--butylpyridinium salts.

Fine Tuning of Torus-Shaped Mo-Doped NiP Nanorings for Enhanced Seawater Electrolysis.

Seawater, as one of nature's most plentiful resources, provides a virtually inexhaustible source for generating hydrogen via water electrolysis. Developing an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for direct seawater splitting is challenging but highly desirable. Herein, a donut-shaped Mo-doped NiP nanoring electrocatalyst is developed, which is promising for direct overall seawater splitting.

Enhancing antitumor immunity in Lewis lung cancer through plasma-treated medium-induced activation of dendritic cells.

Background: Recently, atmospheric non-thermal plasma jet-treated medium (PTM) has been recognized as a novel strategy in cancer therapy and lymphocyte activation. However, PTM has limitations in inducing a robust antitumor-immune response. This study demonstrated that PTM treatment inhibited tumor progression by activating dendritic cells (DCs).

Ethnic foods of Northeast India: insight into the light of food safety.

Background: Traditional and fermented foods are widely consumed by the ethnic population of Northeast India. These foods are not only very nutritious, easily available, and reasonably priced, but also boost immunity and protect from various seasonal infections and have been reported through several investigations. However, pathogens transmitted by these foods have never been reported.

Deep eutectic solvent as stationary phase for flow analysis: Automated trace metal determination in food products.

Background: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as effective solvents that address many challenges in analytical chemistry, particularly in microextraction. However, until now, their use has been primarily focused on extraction processes. This has significantly limited their application in analytical chemistry, especially in flow analysis, where the high viscosity of DES has made their use difficult.

Phycoremediation of rice bran oil processing wastewater and biodiesel production using green microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus: a green approach to environmental protection and remediation.

The current study investigated the enhancement of biomass in S. obliquus, using rice bran oil processing (RBOP) wastewater in different RBOP wastewater concentrations, while also aiming to produce biofuel and treat the wastewater simultaneously. The strain was grown in Blue Green-11 (BG11) media as well as RBOP wastewater at different wastewater concentrations with distilled water at 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% under controlled experimental settings.

Garcinol enriched fraction of Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr. fruit rind improves gut health and reduces the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating PCK1/ACC/SREBP1/FASn pathway in a mouse model.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a fast-emerging global burden, is an umbrella term for several liver manifestations that result in excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. NAFLD leads to gut microbiome dysbiosis, loss in gut epithelia, increased gut permeability, etc. The limited availability of registered drugs for NAFLD highlights the urgent need to focus on understanding its pathogenesis and discovering new treatments, including the potential exploration of herbal therapies for managing the condition.

Nanostructured polymer composites for bone and tissue regeneration.

Nanostructured polymer composites have gained significant attention in recent years for their remarkable potential in bone and tissue regeneration. Moreover, with the integration of 3D printing technology, these composites hold promise for use in personalized medicine, where patient-specific scaffolds can be tailored to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the development and application of nanostructured polymeric composites within the field of tissue engineering and bone regeneration.

Iridium/Acid-Dual Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Allylic Dearomatization Reaction of Allylic Alcohol Tethered α- and β-Naphthols.

The first catalytic enantioselective intramolecular allylic dearomatization of allylic alcohol tethered α- and β-naphthols has been developed with iridium/acid-dual catalysis. A wide range of polycyclic spiroketones containing vicinal tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters were readily prepared in good to high yields with high diastereo- and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. An unusual anti-Markovnikov Wacker oxidation has also been shown in synthetic transformations.

Synthesis of Pyranocoumarin through MCRs: Modulation of this Approach as a Function of Substituent Effect Forms the Furocoumarin and 4-Hydroxy-3-styryl Coumarin as a Function of Solvent Effect.

The synthesis of pyranocoumarin is reported from 4-hydroxycoumarin, styrene oxide, and DMSO in the presence of -TSA·HO at 110 °C using a three-component reaction. Interestingly, a CH moiety from DMSO gets inserted in this reaction to form the pyranocoumarin ring. The plausible mechanism for this interesting reaction was proposed and validated using quantum chemical methods.