Invasive Aspergillosis With Multiple Locations, Mediastinitis, and Cardiac Invasion.

A 25-year-old man reporting weight loss and constitutional symptoms was empirically treated for tuberculosis. Following acute seizures, the patient underwent cerebral imaging and was diagnosed with multiple nonischemic cerebral lesions. Thoracic imaging revealed fibrosing mediastinitis infiltrating and obscuring the left atrium and left ventricle.

Association between preoperative antifungal therapy and postoperative complications in patients with pulmonary aspergilloma: A national database study in Japan.

Postoperative complications of pulmonary resection in patients with pulmonary aspergilloma are common. Preoperative antifungal therapy is a perioperative management strategy to reduce postoperative complications; however, the benefit of the treatment remains controversial. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database (July 2010-March 2021), a national inpatient database in Japan.

From Hemorrhagic Shock to Postoperative Complications: Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Surgical Management of a Young Male With Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Pulmonary aspergillosis is a life-threatening condition, especially for individuals with predisposing factors such as prior tuberculosis, smoking, and immune impairment. This case report describes the management of a 33-year-old male with a history of cured tuberculosis and active pulmonary aspergillosis who developed hemorrhagic shock following severe hemoptysis. Initial management included blood transfusion and the administration of tranexamic acid.

Aspergillus spondylodiscitis successfully treated with a long course of isavuconazole.

We present a case of spondylodiscitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, which we successfully treated with isavuconazole after voriconazole severe intolerance. Aspergillus spondylodiscitis is a severe and relatively rare form of extra-pulmonary invasive aspergillosis. Typically, voriconazole is the first-choice antifungal drug for treating Aspergillus osteomyelitis or spondylodiscitis.

Aspergillus Serologic Findings and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Bronchiectasis: Data From the European Bronchiectasis Registry.

Background: Aspergillus species cause diverse clinical manifestations in bronchiectasis including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), Aspergillus sensitization (AS), and raised IgG indicating exposure to or infection with Aspergillus.

Research Question: What are the prevalence and clinical significance of Aspergillus-associated conditions in individuals with bronchiectasis?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with bronchiectasis enrolled into the European Bronchiectasis Registry from 2015 through 2022 with laboratory testing for Aspergillus lung disease (total IgE, IgE specific to Aspergillus or Aspergillus skin test, or IgG specific to Aspergillus and blood eosinophil counts) were included for analysis. Modified International Society for Human and Anima Mycology ABPA working group criteria (2021) were used to define ABPA.

[Chinese expert consensus on the etiological diagnosis of adult bronchiectasis].

Bronchiectasis is a highly heterogeneous chronic airway disease for which accurate etiological diagnosis is crucial for effective management. A group of experts from the China Bronchiectasis Alliance and the Infection Assembly of the Chinese Thoracic Society conducted a comprehensive review of recent research into the etiology of bronchiectasis. Using the widely accepted Delphi methodology, the experts reached a consensus on the etiological diagnosis of bronchiectasis through multiple rounds of discussion and revision.

Emerging infections in Taiwan: clinical and environmental surveillance.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of clinical and environmental isolates in Taiwan.

Methods: isolates obtained from patients at three hospitals and from 530 soil samples across Taiwan were screened. , confirmed by calmodulin sequencing, was subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing and analyses.

Aspergillus endocarditis.

Aspergillus endocarditis is a rare cause of fungal endocarditis caused by the hyaline mold Aspergillus. The disease most commonly occurs in persons who are immunosuppressed and has a high mortality. Clinical presentation is often with long standing fever, embolic manifestations, and often heart murmurs.

Clinical Features, Treatment Outcome and Potential risk Factors for Recurrence Among Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Resource-limited Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and to determine risk factors for disease recurrence.

Methods: A total of 43 patients with CPA (mean ± SD age: 61.4 ± 10.

Artificial intelligence-driven volumetric CT outcome score in cystic fibrosis: longitudinal and multicenter validation with/without modulators treatment.

Objectives: Holistic segmentation of CT structural alterations with 3D deep learning has recently been described in cystic fibrosis (CF), allowing the measurement of normalized volumes of airway abnormalities (NOVAA-CT) as an automated quantitative outcome. Clinical validations are needed, including longitudinal and multicenter evaluations.

Materials And Methods: The validation study was retrospective between 2010 and 2023.

A retrospective Italian analysis on the characteristics of invasive fungal infections in the intensive care unit setting: CHARTER-IFI study.

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFI), prevalent in critically ill ICU patients, have gained attention due to post-COVID-19 epidemiological shifts. Notably, COVID-19-associated aspergillosis and candidiasis pose significant risks. WHO recognises key fungal pathogens, emphasising the need for enhanced research and interventions.

Overcoming Double Jeopardy: Successful Orthotopic Heart Transplant in a Recipient With Bacterial and Fungal Infections.

Although active infection is generally a contraindication before an orthotopic heart transplant, a 16-year-old man diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy successfully underwent an orthotopic heart transplant despite having active probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and bacterial pneumonia in the presence of septic and cardiogenic shock.

The role of surgery for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in paediatric hemato-oncology patients-Can we better define it?

Background: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality in paediatric patients with cancer, haematological diseases or immunodeficiencies with or without allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The role of surgical intervention for the management of IPA has scarcely been investigated.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present a single center experience of management of IPA in paediatric patients of an oncological ward, to determine the short and long-term outcomes after thoracic surgical interventions, and to outline the indications of surgical interventions in selected patients.

[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The prevalence of pulmonary aspergillosis is increasing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can manifest in different forms such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). With the variations of individual conditions such as immune status, these forms of the disease may transform into each other or even overlap. Moreover, the atypical clinical manifestations and the limited use of invasive sampling techniques have posed a challenge to the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with COPD.

Fungal-associated pneumonia in patients with hematological malignancies.

Purpose: Patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) are at high risk of invasive lung fungal infections (ILFI). To describe the main characteristics, treatment, and outcomes for five years in adult patients with HM and fungal pneumonia.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), a referral tertiary care oncology hospital with 135 beds in Mexico City, Mexico.

Type 2 Biomarkers and Their Clinical Implications in Bronchiectasis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Bronchiectasis is predominantly marked by neutrophilic inflammation. The relevance of type 2 biomarkers in disease severity and exacerbation risk is poorly understood. This study explores the clinical significance of these biomarkers in bronchiectasis patients.

A Case of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis due to Pulmonary Infarction, Mimicking Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia.

Unlabelled: A patient initially treated with corticosteroids for cryptogenic organising pneumonia following pulmonary infarction, developed a worsening condition with progressive cavitary formations in both lower lung lobes. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed a pulmonary embolism, and serum anti-Aspergillus IgG antibody analysis yielded a strong positive result. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary infarction with Aspergillus infection; organising pneumonia in surrounding areas reflected the repair process.

Left Versus Right Destroyed Lung Pneumonectomy: Long Term Prognosis and Key Factors Associated With Poor Treatment Outcomes.

Introduction: To compare and analyze postoperative short-term and long-term prognosis of destroyed lung (DL) disease patients undergoing left versus right pneumonectomy and to identify potential key factors associated with poor treatment outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 128 DL patients who underwent pneumonectomy in the thoracic surgery department of the Beijing Chest Hospital from November 2001 to May 2022. Cases were assigned to two groups according to lesion site: a left pneumonectomy group (104 cases) and right pneumonectomy group (24 cases).

Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis after Surgical Treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-An Analysis of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes.

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a rare but significant complication of lung cancer surgery. Its effect on survival remains unclear. Our aim was to describe the outcomes of the patients who developed CPA following the surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), identify the risk factors associated with its development following lung resection, and evaluate its impact on survival.

Native lung surgery after single lung transplantation: clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Purpose: Single lung transplantation (SLT) is a viable option for patients with end-stage pulmonary parenchymal and vascular diseases. However, various diseases can occur in native lungs after SLT.

Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2021, 35 patients underwent cadaveric SLT and survived for more than 30 days in our hospital.

Native-lung complications following single-lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease: an in-depth analysis.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a heterogeneous group of lung disorders characterized by fibrotic lung tissue changes. In regions with severe donor shortages, single-lung transplantation (SLTx) is often preferred over bilateral lung transplantation for advanced ILD. However, temporal changes and complications in the retained native lung remain poorly understood.