Xerophthalmia secondary to bowel malabsorption after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Introduction: Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, obtained through diet. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children in developing countries due to impaired intake (Phanachet et al. 2018).

Quantitative changes in the corneal endothelium and central corneal thickness during anterior chamber inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To establish the effects of anterior chamber inflammation (ACI) on the corneal endothelium parameters and central corneal thickness (CCT).

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review using medical databases (PubMed, EMBASE, VHL, and medRxiv) on March 8, 2023, for studies that included patients with ACI who had undergone specular microscopy or pachymetry. Case series with >10 patients, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies were included.

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis associated with an RS1 in-frame deletion and bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To report the case of a patient with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS), caused by an in-frame deletion of the RS1 gene, who presented visual loss due to bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 34-year-old man, with type-A personality, presented with a one-month history of decreased visual acuity and metamorphopsia in his right eye.

Sarcoidosis: experience in a Mexican ophthalmological clinic.

Background: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder in which patients frequently develop ocular manifestations that precede systemic involvement, sometimes it even presents as an ocular isolated form of the disease. The purpose of this study is to report the ocular and systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis in a series of Mexican patients, as there is a low incidence of the disease in this population.

Methods: A retrospective case series of patients with positive classification criteria for sarcoidosis who attended Asociacion Para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico, IAP between 2011 and 2022.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Macular Holes Autologous Retinal Transplant.

In this paper, we compare the post-operative macular microvascular parameters (vascular density and foveal avascular zone) in eyes with refractory macular hole (MH) that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and autologous retinal transplant (ART) with the fellow unoperated eye. We conducted a retrospective case control study of six consecutive patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and ART with at least six months of post-operative follow-up. Pre-operatively, all eyes underwent SD-OCT (Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography) examination.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson's tumor) of the conjunctiva. Unusual location of a rare vascular tumor.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is characterized by proliferation of endothelial cells usually occurring within a long-standing vascular malformation or tumor. IPEH usually affects neck, head and lower extremities, and few orbital and eyelid cases have been reported. We present a unique case, a 48-years-old man with a purple, elevated, multilobular conjunctival lesion of three-weeks duration that underwent an excisional biopsy.

A Novel Technique for the Evaluation and Interpretation of Elastography in Salivary Gland Involvement in Primary Sjögren Syndrome.

Ultrasound (US) of major salivary glands (MSG) evaluates echogenicity, border features and vascularization, with elastography, it can detect tissue elasticity and glandular fibrosis, related to inflammation in Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). This study aimed to develop a novel technique by pixel analysis for evaluation and interpretation of elastography in MSG in pSS. A cross-sectional and observational multicenter study was conducted.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: the step-by-step approach to a better understanding of clinicopathology, immunopathology, diagnosis, and management: a brief review.

Background: Appraisals of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) have become progressively more complete, since its first description in 1906. The availability of new investigational methods has improved our knowledge of the immunopathology, clinicopathology, diagnosis, and management of VKH disease. This review aimed to describe some of the steps that led to better characterization of VKH as a clinical entity.

Beneath the surface: a case report of metastatic iridociliary ring melanoma treated with pembrolizumab.

Iridociliary ring melanoma is an uncommon type of uveal melanoma. Clinical manifestation varies from asymptomatic cases to masquerade syndromes mimicking refractory glaucoma. Treatment options include radiotherapy and enucleation.

Clinical and histopathological features of conjunctival "Teddy bear" granuloma: A case series.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features, histopathological findings, and prognosis of conjunctival Teddy bear granuloma (TBG) diagnosed in a Mexican ophthalmologic referral center in a period of 64 years.

Methods: We reviewed clinical and histopathological material from all patients with documented conjunctival TBG. Patient's age, gender, location, clinical signs and symptoms, duration, treatment and, specimen size, were evaluated.

Association of retinal detachment with age 50 years or younger at onset in patients with acute retinal necrosis.

Background: Due to the guarded prognosis of acute retinal necrosis (ARN), it is relevant to develop a strategy to early categorize those patients in a higher risk of worse outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe clinical features and predictive factors for retinal detachment (RD) in patients with ARN.

Methods: Retrospective observational case series of 34 adult patients (38 eyes) with ARN examined between January 2005 and July 2015 in the National Eye Institute (Bethesda, USA), the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Chile (Santiago, Chile), and APEC (CDMX, Mexico).

Abnormal N-Glycosylation of Human Lens Epithelial Cells in Type-2 Diabetes May Contribute to Cataract Progression.

Purpose: In order to better understand cataract development, we analyzed the glycosylation profile of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) from anterior lens capsules of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetic (ND) patients undergoing routine cataract surgery.

Setting: Research Department of the Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera, Hospital "Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes", Mexico.

BLK and BANK1 variants and interactions are associated with susceptibility for primary Sjögren's syndrome and with some clinical features.

BLK and BANK1 in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) have scarcely been evaluated and the results are inconclusive. The aim of our study was to determine whether single nucleotide variants (SNVs) located within BLK or BANK1 are associated with susceptibility, clinical and serological features, and smoking in pSS. BLK rs13277113A/G, BANK1 rs10516487G/A and rs3733197G/A were genotyped in 203 cases and 424 controls using a TaqMan® SNP genotyping assay.

SARS-CoV-2 and the Eye: A Relationship for a Possible Prognostic Tool in COVID-19 Patients.

Purpose: In December 2019 there was the first report about a new viral infection in Wuhan, China. The new virus was taxonomically designed as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for cell invasion, which is expressed in different tissues including lungs, small intestine, testicles, kidneys, brain, and the eye.

Polymicrobial Keratitis: Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, Bacterial Profile, and Antimicrobial Resistance.

Objective: To describe clinical characteristics, complications, and the most prevalent microorganisms causing polymicrobial keratitis and their antibiotic sensitivities.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including a consecutive analysis of patient's records with a diagnosis of bacterial keratitis with a positive culture and antibiogram report were included. Patients were grouped into those having monomicrobial and polymicrobial infection.

Primary Cancer Sites and Clinical Features of Choroidal Metastasis in Mexican Patients.

Purpose: To describe the primary cancer sites and clinical features of choroidal metastasis in Mexican patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, and multi-center study. Data were recollected from 6 ophthalmological hospitals in Mexico from patients with choroidal metastasis diagnosed from 2000 to 2018.

Photoactivated Chromophore for Keratitis-Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (PACK-CXL) Improves Outcomes of Treatment-Resistant Infectious Keratitis.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of photoactivated chromophore corneal collagen cross-linking (PACK)-CXL in the management of treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.

Design: Observational cohort study.

Participants: Forty-two eyes from 41 patients with treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.

Risk factors for subretinal fibrosis in patients with Vogt Koyanagi Harada syndrome.

Purpose: To identify the risk factors for the development of subretinal fibrosis (SRF) among patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome.

Methods: In this case-control study, electronic clinical records from patients diagnosed with VKH syndrome who attended the Inflammatory Eye Disease Clinic at a tertiary care ophthalmology reference center were assessed to identify risk factors from demographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables. Cases were defined as SRF and VKH, whereas the controls were VKH patients without SRF.

Initial-onset acute and chronic recurrent stages are two distinctive courses of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Purpose: To describe distinctive stages of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease: initial-onset acute versus chronic recurrent disease.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review regarding stages and clinical presentations of VKH disease was conducted.

Results: Despite a list of signs that has been described as characteristic features of early or late phases of VKH disease, the current classification -developed by an international committee and published in 2001- does not consider a distinction regarding the time from onset of disease symptoms, and specific findings observed at certain time point from the symptoms presentation and outcomes related to the stage of VKH disease.

Full- versus partial-thickness sutures: experimental models of corneal injury repair.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of full-thickness (FT) versus partial-thickness (PT) sutures in a full-thickness corneal wound in an animal model.

Methods: This is a prospective, experimental, comparative, longitudinal study. A 6-mm linear, full-thickness corneal incision was performed on the right eye of eight domestic pigs.

Autofluorescence in female carriers with choroideremia: A familial case with a novel mutation in the gene.

Background: Choroideremia is an X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy caused by mutations in the gene. The main differential diagnosis is X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Clinically, male patients that are affected by these two diseases have similar symptoms.