Serum Folate Concentrations in Exclusively Breastfed Preterm Infants Who Received No Supplementary Oral Folic Acid After Discharge: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Adequate folate intake is required in preterm infants for rapid growth and development, but there is little evidence to back recommendations. We aimed to assess folate status in preterm infants at discharge and in early infancy, according to exposure to folate sources, particularly in those exclusively/predominantly breastfed. A prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was conducted in the UK, involving 45 preterm infants <33 weeks' gestational age (GA) exclusively/predominantly fed human milk when approaching NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) discharge.

Erratum: Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.

Interventional anti-reflux management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in lung transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and aspiration are risk factors in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in the lung transplant population. The aim of this study was to investigate if allograft function and survival improved after anti-reflux surgery (ARS) in lung transplant recipients.

Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases from inception until 13/01/2024.

Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15-39, 1990-2021.

Background: Metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally.

Aims: This study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15-39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database.

Methods: Global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults.

Assessment and repeatability of aerobic capacity using the Chester Step Test among current, former, and never smokers.

Cigarette smoking contributes to reduced cardiorespiratory performance, which may improve upon cessation. Consequently, former smokers' cardiorespiratory fitness should not be significantly different from that of never-smokers. This study aims to compare V̇O values among current, former, and never smokers and assess the repeatability of measurements using the Chester Step Test (CST).

Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990-2021.

Background: Common metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), have become a global health burden in the last three decades. The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) data enables the first insights into the trends and burdens of these metabolic diseases from 1990 to 2021, highlighting regional, temporal and differences by sex.

Methods: Global estimates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from GBD 2021 were analyzed for common metabolic diseases (T2DM, hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and MASLD).

Cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation as first-line treatment of typical atrial flutter: long-term outcomes of the CRAFT trial.

Background: CRAFT was an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial across 11 sites in the United UK and Switzerland. Given the evidence that pulmonary vein triggers may be responsible for atrial flutter (AFL) as well as atrial fibrillation (AF), we hypothesised that cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) would provide greater symptomatic arrhythmia reduction than cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation, whilst also reducing the subsequent burden of AF. Twelve-month outcomes were previously reported.

'Unable to have a proper conversation over the phone about my concerns': a multimethods evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on routine childhood vaccination services in London, UK.

Objectives: Investigating the completion rate of 12-month vaccinations and parental perspectives on vaccine services during COVID-19.

Study-design: Service evaluation including parental questionnaire.

Methods: Uptake of 12-month vaccinations in three London general practices during three periods: pre-COVID (1/3/2018-28/2/2019, n = 826), during COVID (1/3/2019-28/2/2020, n = 775) and post-COVID first wave (1/8/2020-31/1/2021, n = 419).

Review of Dohan Eherenfest et al. (2009) on "Classification of platelet concentrates: From pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF)".

This classic discusses the original publication of Dohan Eherenfest et al. on "Classification of platelet concentrates: from pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF)", in which the authors propose four categories of platelet concentrates depending on their leucocyte and fibrin content (P-PRP, leucocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP), pure platelet-rich fibrin (P-PRF), and L-PRF) to group a "jungle" of products in which the term platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was used indistinctly. They were able to identify common factors such as: (1) the use of anticoagulants and immediate centrifugation of the blood after its collection; (2) most preparation techniques allowed platelet concentrate preparation within an hour; (3) the centrifugation aimed to separate the blood in layers that would allow the extraction of specific fractions; and (4) the product was activated with thrombin or calcium chloride.

Vetting of medical imaging referrals: A scoping review of the radiographers' role.

Introduction: Vetting and treatment verification, are now an expectation of threshold radiography competencies at qualification. Radiographer-led vetting contributes to the expedition of patients' treatment and management. However, the current state and the role of the radiographer in vetting medical imaging referrals remains unclear.

Predicting the outcome of plantar heel pain in adults: a systematic review of prognostic factors.

Background: Plantar Heel Pain (PHP) is a common disorder with many treatment pathways and is not self-limiting, hence prognostic information concerning recovery or recalcitrance is needed to guide practice. In this systematic review, we investigate which prognostic factors are associated with favourable or unfavourable PHP outcomes.

Methods: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and PubMed electronic bibliographic databases were searched for studies evaluating baseline patient characteristics associated with outcomes in prospective longitudinal cohorts or after specific interventions.

Temporal lobe perceptual predictions for speech are instantiated in motor cortex and reconciled by inferior frontal cortex.

Humans use predictions to improve speech perception, especially in noisy environments. Here we use 7-T functional MRI (fMRI) to decode brain representations of written phonological predictions and degraded speech signals in healthy humans and people with selective frontal neurodegeneration (non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia [nfvPPA]). Multivariate analyses of item-specific patterns of neural activation indicate dissimilar representations of verified and violated predictions in left inferior frontal gyrus, suggestive of processing by distinct neural populations.

Oncological and functional outcomes of organ-preserving cystectomy versus standard radical cystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is historically considered the gold standard treatment for muscle invasive and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, this technique leaves the majority of patients of both sexes with poor sexual and urinary function. Organ-sparing cystectomy (OSC) techniques are emerging as an alternative to the standard procedure to preserve these functions, without compromising the oncological outcomes.

A systematic review and case presentation: Giant abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Objective: An abdominal aortic aneurysm is considered giant when its transverse diameter is greater than 10-13 cm in diameter. A giant abdominal aortic aneurysm is rare but with a significant risk of rupture if it is not diagnosed or left untreated.

Method: The authors have performed a systematic review of the evidence that has looked into the clinical presentations, and management methods employed and have presented a 14 cm giant abdominal aortic aneurysm patient.

Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Practice in United Kingdom: A Single-center Experience.

Objectives: This study sought to analyze the outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) services provided by a tertiary hospital, in terms of types and duration of antimicrobials administered, and assess whether these services were in line with current good practice recommendations.

Methods: The electronic healthcare records of all stable patients with infectious diseases, aged ≥ 18 years, who received OPAT services between January 2019 and March 2021, were analyzed. For statistical analysis, the patients were divided into younger (< 65 years) and older (≥ 65 years) adults and the difference between them, in terms of healthcare resources utilization, was assessed.

Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation as First-Line Treatment for Typical Atrial Flutter.

Objective: We aimed to compare cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with standard radiofrequency cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation as first-line treatment for typical atrial flutter (AFL).

Methods: Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation as First-Line Treatment for Typical Atrial Flutter was an international, multicentre, open with blinded assessment trial. Patients with CTI-dependent AFL and no documented atrial fibrillation (AF) were randomised to either cryoballoon PVI alone or radiofrequency CTI ablation.