Genetic background influences the capacity for medial edge epithelium disintegration and phenotype of cleft palate in TGFβ3 knockout mice.

Objectives: Cleft palate is a frequent congenital craniofacial malformation of unknown etiology. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β3 is required for palatal shelf fusion. Although TGFβ3 knockout (KO) mice are widely used mouse models for cleft palate, cleft palate phenotypes differ among these mice.

Gasdermin D-independent release of interleukin-1β by living macrophages in response to mycoplasmal lipoproteins and lipopeptides.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays pivotal roles in controlling bacterial infections and is produced after the processing of pro-IL-1β by caspase-1, which is activated by the inflammasome. In addition, caspase-1 cleaves the cytosolic protein, gasdermin-D (GSDMD), whose N-terminal fragment subsequently forms a pore in the plasma membrane, leading to the pyroptic cell-death-mediated release of IL-1β. Living cells can also release IL-1β via GSDMD pores or other unconventional secretory pathways.

Metabolomic profiling of tumor-infiltrating macrophages during tumor growth.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are both key immunosuppressive cells that contribute to tumor growth. Metabolism and immunity of tumors depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the intracellular metabolism of MDSCs and TAMs during tumor growth remains unclear.

The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement.

Acrylic bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery for treating various conditions of the bone and joints. Bone cement consists of methyl methacrylate (MMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), functioning as a liquid monomer, solid phase, and polymerization initiator, respectively. However, cell and tissue toxicity caused by bone cement has been a concern.

Deep learning systems for detecting and classifying the presence of impacted supernumerary teeth in the maxillary incisor region on panoramic radiographs.

Objective: This investigation aimed to verify and compare the performance of 3 deep learning systems for classifying maxillary impacted supernumerary teeth (ISTs) in patients with fully erupted incisors.

Study Design: In total, the study included 550 panoramic radiographs obtained from 275 patients with at least 1 IST and 275 patients without ISTs in the maxillary incisor region. Three learning models were created by using AlexNet, VGG-16, and DetectNet.

Recombinant thrombomodulin protects against LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome via preservation of pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx.

Background And Purpose: Disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx is causally related to microvascular endothelial dysfunction, a characteristic of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) attenuates vascular endothelial injuries, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated the structural basis and molecular mechanisms of rhTM effects on vascular endothelial injury in a model of sepsis.

Comparison of 3 deep learning neural networks for classifying the relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare time and storage space requirements, diagnostic performance, and consistency among 3 image recognition convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the evaluation of the relationships between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs.

Study Design: Of 600 panoramic radiographs, 300 each were assigned to noncontact and contact groups based on the relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal. The CNNs were trained twice by using cropped image patches with sizes of 70 × 70 pixels and 140 × 140 pixels.

Pulpal Disease Arising from Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Case Report.

Although bisphosphonates are widely used to treat conditions such as osteoporosis, they may cause osteonecrosis of the jaw. We treated a patient with no history of tooth extraction or other surgical treatment who developed medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) with secondary pulpal disease. A 79-year-old woman presented with purulent discharge from the gum at the incisor region.

PIRs mediate innate myeloid cell memory to nonself MHC molecules.

Immunological memory specific to previously encountered antigens is a cardinal feature of adaptive lymphoid cells. However, it is unknown whether innate myeloid cells retain memory of prior antigenic stimulation and respond to it more vigorously on subsequent encounters. In this work, we show that murine monocytes and macrophages acquire memory specific to major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) antigens, and we identify A-type paired immunoglobulin-like receptors (PIR-As) as the MHC-I receptors necessary for the memory response.

Streptococcal H2O2 inhibits IgE-triggered degranulation of RBL-2H3 mast cell/basophil cell line by inducing cell death.

Mast cells and basophils are central players in allergic reactions triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE). They have intracellular granules containing allergic mediators (e.g.

Rat mandibular condyle and fossa grew separately then unified as a single joint at 20 days old, which was the weaning age.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe growth of the mandibular condyle, mandibular fossa, and articular disc as a single unit. Changes in each component's relative position and size were observed using 7-tesla MRI. Mandibular condyle chondrocytes' growth was evaluated with immunohistochemistry, using the expression of zinc transporter ZIP13.

Use of the Microcuff During General Anesthesia for Patients With Scoliosis.

Scoliosis may often be associated with a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory conditions or diseases, and depending on the severity of the spinal deformity, it may also complicate anesthetic management because of the difficulty of neck extension and tracheal deformity. Therefore, patients with scoliosis may require careful perioperative anesthetic considerations. A 14-year-old girl was scheduled to undergo extractions and restorative treatment for dental caries under general anesthesia.

Tooth loss early in life induces hippocampal morphology remodeling in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice.

Long-term tooth loss is associated with the suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis and impairment of hippocampus-dependent cognition with aging. The morphologic basis of the hippocampal alterations, however, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether tooth loss early in life affects the hippocampal ultrastructure in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, using transmission electron microscopy.

Cdc42 controls secretory granules morphology in rodent salivary glands in vivo.

We previously reported that the small GTPase Cdc42 negatively regulates endocytosis in the salivary gland of live mice. By using intravital subcellular microscopy, we showed that depletion of Cdc42 causes the mis-sorting of plasma membrane components into intracellular vesicles, ultimately leading to the impairment of the homeostasis of the apical plasma membrane. In this study, we report that, besides, Cdc42 depletion alters the ultrastructure of large secretory granules analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of Coffee Intake on Oxidative Stress During Aging-related Alterations in Periodontal Tissue.

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-aging effects of coffee intake on oxidative stress in rat periodontal tissue and alveolar bone loss.

Materials And Methods: Male Fischer 344 rats (8 weeks old) were randomized to four groups; the baseline group immediately sacrificed, the control group fed with normal powdered food for 8 weeks, and the experimental groups fed with powdered food containing 0.62% or 1.

Vacuolated cardiomyocytes in human endomyocardial biopsy specimens.

We encountered an unfamiliar finding during electron microscopic examination of an endomyocardial biopsy obtained from a 55-year-old woman suffering from heart failure due to dilated phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Many cardiomyocytes contained large vacuoles that were mainly empty except for small amounts of amorphous substrate. These were not autophagic vacuoles, as they lacked limiting membranes.

Relationship between Oral Assessment Guide score and hypoalbuminemia in newly hospitalized patients.

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) scores and malnutrition in newly hospitalized patients. A total of 880 hospitalized adults were enrolled. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as serum albumin less than 3.

In situ nuclear DNA methylation in dilated cardiomyopathy: an endomyocardial biopsy study.

Aims: Although distinct DNA methylation patterns have been reported, its localization and roles remain to be defined in heart failure. We investigated the cellular and subcellular localization of DNA methylation and its pathophysiological significance in human failing hearts.

Methods And Results: Using left ventricular (LV) endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 75 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM; age: 58 ± 14 years old, %female: 32%) and 20 patients without heart failure (controls; age: 56 ± 17 years old, %female: 45%), we performed immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy for methylated DNA, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC).

Use of new scratch test and tensile test for evaluation of bond strength of selfadhesive flowable resin composite for repair of artificial tooth erosion.

The purpose of this study was to use a new scratch test and tensile test to evaluate the bond strength between artificial erosive enamel or dentin and self-adhesive resin composites as a coating material. Coronal enamel or dentin surface was exposed to an erosive cycle (artificial saliva [AS], pH:7.0 for 6.

Computer programme to assess mandibular cortex morphology in cases of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with osteoporosis or bone metastases.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the mandibular cortex in cases of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients with osteoporosis or bone metastases using a computer programme.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four patients with MRONJ (35 with osteoporosis and 19 with bone metastases) were examined using panoramic radiography. The morphology of the mandibular cortex was evaluated using a computer programme that scanned the mandibular inferior cortex and automatically assessed the mandibular cortical index (MCI) according to the thickness and roughness of the mandibular cortex, as follows: normal (class 1), mildly to moderately eroded (class 2), or severely eroded (class 3).

Tooth detection and classification on panoramic radiographs for automatic dental chart filing: improved classification by multi-sized input data.

Objectives: Dental state plays an important role in forensic radiology in case of large scale disasters. However, dental information stored in dental clinics are not standardized or electronically filed in general. The purpose of this study is to develop a computerized system to detect and classify teeth in dental panoramic radiographs for automatic structured filing of the dental charts.

Detection of Serum miRNAs Affecting Liver Apoptosis in a Periodontitis Rat Model.

Background/aim: miRNA molecules have been attracting attention as genetic modifiers between organs. We examined the relationship between serum miRNA and targeted liver mRNA profiles in a periodontitis rat model, and the influence of periodontitis on the liver.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=16, 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups (8 rats each): control and periodontitis (ligature placement for 4 weeks).

Usefulness of a deep learning system for diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome using ultrasonography images.

Objectives: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning system for the detection of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) in ultrasonography (US) images, and compared it with the performance of inexperienced radiologists.

Methods: 100 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SjS according to both the Japanese criteria and American-European Consensus Group criteria and 100 non-SjS patients that had a dry mouth and suspected SjS but were definitively diagnosed as non-SjS were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent US scans of both the parotid glands (PG) and submandibular glands (SMG).