E-cigarettes and myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: With widespread awareness about the harmful effects of traditional smoking, many people are considering using an e-cigarette. However, many studies have shown that e-cigarettes are not entirely harmless, and their use has been implicated in causing major adverse cardiovascular events.

Methods: We adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct this systematic review.

Comparison of caudal epidural bupivacaine with bupivacaine plus tramadol and bupivacaine plus ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children.

This study compared the effect of single-dose caudal epidural bupivacaine, bupivacaine plus ketamine and bupivacaine plus tramadol for postoperative pain management in children having surgery for inguinal hernia. Following ethics committee approval and informed parental consent, 75 children ASA PS I and II, between three and nine years of age and scheduled for elective unilateral inguinal hernia repair with general anaesthesia were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into three groups to receive 0.