Mimics of pancreatic neoplasms at cross-sectional imaging: Pearls for characterization and diagnostic work-up.

Interpreting imaging examinations of the pancreas can be a challenge. Several different entities can mimic or mask pancreatic neoplasms, including normal anatomic variants, non-pancreatic lesions, and both acute and chronic pancreatitis. It is important to distinguish these entities from pancreatic neoplasms, as the management and prognosis of a pancreatic neoplasm, particularly adenocarcinoma, have considerable impact on patients.

Comparison of silent MRA and time-of-flight MRA in the depiction and grading of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Background: Preliminary small-sample studies suggest that silent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has an advantage over time-of-flight MRA (TOF MRA) in the characterization of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), but did not examine whether the imaging performance of silent MRA was affected by the intrinsic features of BAVM or common clinical factors. This study sought to compare silent MRA and TOF MRA in terms of the visualization and grading of BAVMs in various clinical settings.

Methods: In total, 85 participants (50 males, 35 females; mean age: 33.

Endovascular treatment of high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula secondary to rupture of a carotid-cavernous aneurysm post-flow diverter stent placement.

Carotid-cavernous aneurysms (CCAs) have the potential for growth, and their risk of rupture can lead to severe complications. Treatment is typically recommended to prevent these complications, with endovascular therapy being the preferred approach due to the challenging surgical access. This case presents a rare instance of rupture of a CCA that had been previously treated with a flow-diverting stent, which resulted in the development of a carotid-cavernous fistula, requiring venous access endovascular treatment.

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: On the Brink of a New Treatment Era?

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited vascular disorder with highly variable penetrance, affecting up to 1 in 5,000 individuals. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal blood vessels that can lead to excessive bleeding-most frequently recurrent nosebleeds (epistaxis), skin and mucosal telangiectasias (small, dilated blood vessels), as well as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that can form in various organs, particularly the lungs, liver, and brain. HHT is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the BMP9-10/ENG/ALK1/SMAD4 signaling pathway, an important mediator of vascular quiescence.

Risk of Bleed During Pregnancy in Women with Epilepsy Due to Cerebral Vascular Malformations.

Background: Cerebral vascular malformations are rare but important causes of epilepsy in young women. The risk of bleed during pregnancy and delivery as well as the fetal outcomes are important concerns for women with epilepsy (WWE) due to cerebral vascular malformations (EVM).

Objectives: We compared the maternal and fetal outcomes of a cohort of EVM with women with focal epilepsy due to other causes (ENVM).

Angioarchitecture and Endovascular Therapy of Infantile Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas.

Infantile dural arteriovenous fistula (IDAVF) is a rare complex dural arteriovenous fistulas. This study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the angioarchitecture of arteriovenous shunts in IDAVFs and planning endovascular treatment. Five cases of IDAVF and a literature review were analyzed to characterize the shunt patterns of IDAVFs in terms of anatomic relations to the arterial feeder, sinuses, and cortical veins.

Extracranial arteriovenous malformations: a 10-year experience at a German vascular anomaly center and evaluation of diagnostic imaging for endovascular therapy assessment.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) account for <3% of vascular anomalies. This study aims to present the 10-year experience of a German vascular anomaly center (VAC) with AVMs and evaluate diagnostic imaging for treatment-relevant information for minimally invasive therapy planning.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study including patients from the VAC database with AVMs was conducted.

Untangling sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations: towards targeting the KRAS/MAPK pathway.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular lesions characterized by abnormal connections between parenchymal arteries and veins, bypassing a capillary bed, and forming a nidus. Brain AVMs are consequential as they are prone to rupture and associated with significant morbidity. They can broadly be subdivided into hereditary vs.

Glue and Ethanol Mixture for Aneurysm Endovascular Treatment: Animal Lab Study, Imaging, and Histopathological Findings.

This study aims to investigate the degree of penetration, permanence of occlusion, and vascular changes induced by a newly modified mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (Glubran 2), ethanol, and Lipidol (GEL) in the endovascular treatment of experimental aneurysms induced in swine. Bilateral pouch aneurysms were created in the wall of the internal carotid artery in eighteen pigs. The sixteen aneurysms were treated with a new mixture of GEL with different component proportions.

Advancements in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Enhancing Arteriovenous Fistula Patency.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% of the world's population. Hemodialysis, along with peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant, is one of the renal replacement therapies offered to patients with CKD/end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To proceed with hemodialysis, vascular access is required.

The Formation of Human Arteriovenous Malformation Organoids and Their Characteristics.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterized by direct connections between arteries and veins without intervening capillaries, with the concomitant formation of abnormal vascular networks associated with angiogenesis. However, the current understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of AVMs is limited, and no in vitro disease models exist at present for studying this condition. In this study, we produced endothelial cells (ECs) in two-dimensional cultures and three-dimensional (3D) blood vessel organoids (BVOs), comparing gene expression profiles between normal and AVM organoids.

The Microsurgical Resection of an Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient with Thrombophilia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular anomalies that can present with significant complications, including intracranial hemorrhage. This report presents the case of a 36-year-old female with Prothrombin G20210A mutation-associated thrombophilia, highlighting its potential impact on AVM pathophysiology and management. The patient presented with a right paramedian intraparenchymal frontal hematoma, left hemiparesis, and seizures.

Management of Petrous and Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Systematic Review.

The petrous and tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas are vascular malformations that are very infrequent but highly aggressive, with a significant risk of intracranial hemorrhage and neurological deficits. Optimal management remains one of the most debated subjects, with various series reporting endovascular and microsurgical approaches. Therefore, this systematic review aims to assess the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of different treatment modalities of petrous and tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) based on clinical presentation, imaging techniques, treatment outcome, and complications arising in the course of their treatment.

Emergency neurosurgical hybrid operating platform for acute intracranial hemorrhage (E-HOPE).

Background: Precise diagnosis and rapid treatment for acute complex intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are crucial. The neurosurgical hybrid operating platform integrates traditional open neurosurgery operating room functionalities with endovascular therapy capabilities and is developing in the neurosurgical practice. However, its effect on the emergent complicated neurovascular cases needs pilot exploration.

How I do it? surgical resection of craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistula.

Background: Craniocervical junction (CCJ) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) represent a rare yet critical vascular anomaly that may result in significant neurological impairments.

Method: We report the case of a 52-year-old male with a history of medullary hemorrhage who underwent surgical intervention for a left CCJ DAVF. Through comprehensive surgical planning and meticulous intraoperative monitoring, multiple feeders of the DAVF were safely coagulated and transected, with successful DAVF obliteration confirmed by intraoperative angiography.

The "pseudo-pulmonary AVM sign": an aid to the diagnosis of histoplasmosis and differentiation from pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

The diagnostic algorithm for histoplasmosis highlights the importance of imaging and emphasizes the role of the radiologist in the diagnostic workup. Here we describe a case series of patients with a novel sign of lung involvement in histoplasmosis which we have coined the Pseudo-Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation (PAVM) sign, the usage of which would help in the imaging diagnosis of histoplasmosis aid by distinguishing it from PAVMs. PAVMs carry risk for serious complications such as systemic emboli and may require treatment; whereas, histoplasmomas do not.

Embolisation of an acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation.

A G5P2+2 woman in her 30s presented to hospital with per vaginum (PV) bleeding, approximately 2 weeks post electric vacuum aspiration (EVA) for retained products of conception. Ultrasound and MRI demonstrated a large vascular myometrial lesion, suggestive of a uterine arteriovenous malformation (UAVM). She underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with interventional radiology and simultaneous uterine artery embolisation (UAE).

The application of machine learning for treatment selection of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations: A secondary analysis of the ARUBA trial data.

Objective: To build a supervised machine learning (ML) model that selects the best first-line treatment strategy for unruptured bAVMs.

Methods: A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) trial data was obtained from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). A team of five clinicians examined the demographic, clinical, and radiological details of each patient at baseline and reached a consensus on the best first-line treatment for bAVMs.

Treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias with sclerotherapy: A case series.

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation. One treatment for HHT-related arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is sclerotherapy, which collapses the blood vessels by irritating the endothelial lining.

Methods: This case series describes two HHT patients undergoing in-office sodium tetradecyl sulfate sclerotherapy for non-nasal telangiectasias and AVMs.

Macular edema in Wyburn-Mason syndrome: Resolution with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections. Case report and review of the literature.

Purpose: Macular edema is an infrequent complication of retinal arteriovenous malformations. We present the management of unilateral macular edema with Bevacizumab 1.25mg/0.

Long-term follow-up of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients without significant pulmonary right-to-left shunt at screening.

Objectives: To describe the incidence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM)-related complications, right-to-left shunt (RLS) progression at transthoracic contrast echocardiography (TTCE) and development of treatable PAVM during long-term follow-up in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) patients with RLS grades 0-1 at screening TTCE.

Methods: Observational prospective study including adult HHT patients with grades 0-1 RLS at screening TTCE. Those requiring previous embolization of PAVM were excluded.

Retinal Racemosal Hemangioma Associated with Intracranial Vascular Malformation (Wyburn -Mason Syndrome) - Case Report.

Purpose: To describe a case of Wyburn-Mason syndrome in a young child with initially declined treatment leading to delayed intervention.

Methodology: Case report.

Results: We report a 6-year-old boy with mild periocular trauma following a fall, who was incidentally found to have a retinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with a brain AVM, indicative of Wyburn-Mason Syndrome.