Infection with SARS-CoV-2 among children with asthma: evidence from Global Asthma Network.

Background: Clinical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among children with asthma have rarely been investigated. This study aimed to assess clinical manifestations and outcome of COVID-19 among children with asthma, and whether the use of asthma medications was associated with outcomes of interest.

Methods: The Global Asthma Network (GAN) conducted a global survey among GAN centers.

Nutrition, Obesity and Asthma Inception in Children. The Role of Lung Function.

Obesity is an important public health problem. WHO estimates that about 39 million children younger than 5 years of age are overweighted or obese. On the other hand, asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in childhood, and thus, many children share those two conditions.

Use of inhaled corticosteroids on an intermittent or as-needed basis in pediatric asthma: a systematic review of the literature.

Objective: To summarize the principal findings of all available studies that have evaluated the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on an intermittent or as-needed basis as an add-on therapy to short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) or fast-acting β2-agonists (FABAs) in pediatric asthmatic patients. Studies could either include or omit the use of ICS during stable periods of the disease.

Data Sources: Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to February 2021.

Worldwide trends in the burden of asthma symptoms in school-aged children: Global Asthma Network Phase I cross-sectional study.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children globally. The Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I study aimed to determine if the worldwide burden of asthma symptoms is changing.

Methods: This updated cross-sectional study used the same methods as the International study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III.

Exploring the Relation between Atopic Diseases and Lifestyle Patterns among Adolescents Living in Greece: Evidence from the Greek Global Asthma Network (GAN) Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Diet and physical activity might be associated with the risk of allergic diseases in childhood. However, evidence in literature is sparse and diverse. We aim to examine the associations between four healthy dietary consumption pattern drinks, plus the adherence to a physically active lifestyle with atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema) in adolescence and their relative importance.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis in Mexican school children: Global Asthma Network Phase I.

Background: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) showed a wide variability in prevalence and severity of allergic rhinitis (AR) and rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC), in addition to other atopic diseases (Asher et al, 2006). The Global Asthma Network (GAN) has continued to study these conditions.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of AR and ARC in children and adolescents in Mexico and to assess their association with different risk factors.

Asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in Quito, Ecuador: a comparative cross-sectional study 16 years after ISAAC.

Background: In 2003, the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) estimated the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in Quito, Ecuador. Since then, no update of this study has been done in the last years. This study examined changes in the prevalence of asthma-rhinitis-eczema symptoms over a 16 years period in Quito and explored possible risk factors.

Worldwide time trends in prevalence of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in children: Global Asthma Network Phase I.

Background: The Global Asthma Network (GAN), by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology, has updated trends in prevalence of symptoms of childhood allergic diseases, including non-infective rhinitis and conjunctivitis ('rhinoconjunctivitis'), which is reported here.

Methods: Prevalence and severity of rhinoconjunctivitis were assessed by questionnaire among schoolchildren in GAN Phase I and ISAAC Phase I and III surveys 15-23 years apart. Absolute rates of change in prevalence were estimated for each centre and modelled by multi-level linear regression to compare trends by age group, time period and per capita national income.

Hospital admission for symptoms exacerbation in 2,075 infants suffering from recurrent asthma-like symptoms: (EISL-3 South America).

Background: Contrary to what happens in children and adults, the prevalence and the factors related to hospitalisation for asthma/wheezing in infants with recurrent asthma-like symptoms are poorly known.

Methods: This study is part of the International Study of Wheezing in infants Phase 3; 2,079 infants (aged 12-18 months) with recurrent asthma-like symptoms, from 11 South American centres, were studied to determine the prevalence and the associated factors for wheezing exacerbation admission. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were employed for analysis.

Parental Education and the Association between Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Asthma in Adolescents: The Greek Global Asthma Network (GAN) Study.

Background: Evidence suggests that nutritional factors, such as consumption of fruits and vegetables, along with socioeconomic factors such as parental education level, are associated with asthma prevalence. Our study examined the role of parental education in the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and adolescent asthma.

Methods: 1934 adolescents (mean age: 12.

Prevalence of asthma symptoms and associated factors in adolescents and adults in southern Brazil: A Phase I study.

Background: The Global Asthma Network (GAN) aims to find out the current status of the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema using global surveillance to achieve worldwide recognition and improve the management of asthma, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to verify the associated factors for asthma in adolescents and their respective parents/caregivers.

Methods: Adolescents (13-14 years old; n = 1058) and their respective parents/caregivers (mean age = 42.

What Is Asthma?

Asthma is… [...

Have asthma symptoms in Mexico changed in the past 15 years? Time trends from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to the Global Asthma Network.

Background: The Global Asthma Network (GAN) builds on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).

Objective: To compare asthma prevalence time trends in primary and secondary school children in four Mexican centers participating in ISAAC and GAN.

Methods: GAN is a cross-sectional, multicenter, epidemiological methodology carried out in groups of primary school children aged 6-7 and adolescents aged 13-14 following the ISAAC Phase Three protocol, with additional questions on risk factors and asthma management.

Global Asthma Network Phase I study in Mexico: prevalence of asthma symptoms, risk factors and altitude associations-a cross-sectional study.

Background: Global Asthma Network (GAN) was established in 2012 as a development to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to improve asthma care globally.

Objective: To survey asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in primary and secondary school children and to investigate and evaluate its prevalence, severity, management and risk factors in Mexico.

Methods: GAN Phase I is a cross-sectional, multicentre survey carried out in 15 centres corresponding to 14 Mexican cities throughout 2016-2019 using the validated Spanish language version of the GAN Phase I questionnaires.

COVID-19 in children with underlying chronic respiratory diseases: survey results from 174 centres.

Background: Early reports suggest that most children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ("SARS-CoV-2") have mild symptoms. What is not known is whether children with chronic respiratory illnesses have exacerbations associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Methods: An expert panel created a survey, which was circulated twice (in April and May 2020) to members of the Paediatric Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the social media of the ERS.

Global Asthma Network Phase I Surveillance: Geographical Coverage and Response Rates.

Background-The Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I is surveying school pupils in high-income and low- or middle-income countries using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology. Methods-Cross-sectional surveys of participants in two age groups in randomly selected schools within each centre (2015-2020). The compulsory age group is 13-14 years (adolescents), optionally including parents or guardians.

Trends in worldwide asthma prevalence.

This review of trends in worldwide asthma prevalence starts with defining how asthma prevalence is measured in populations and how it is analysed. Four population studies of asthma across at least two regions are described: European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (EISL), the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and the World Health Survey (WHS). Two of these (ISAAC and WHS) covered all the regions of the world; each using its own standardised questionnaire-based methodology with cross-sectional study design, suitable for large populations.

Comparison of individual-level and population-level risk factors for rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three.

Background: Symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema in children cluster at both the individual and population levels.

Objectives: To assess individual-level and school-level risk factors for symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and compare them to corresponding associations with symptoms of asthma and eczema in Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.

Methods: We studied 116,863 children aged 6-7 years from 2163 schools in 59 centres and 22 countries and 224,436 adolescents aged 13-14 years from 2037 schools in 97 centres in 41 countries.

Predicting the outcome of respiratory disease in wheezing infants using tidal flow-volume loop shape.

Introduction And Objectives: Wheezing (RW) infants with a positive asthma predictive index (API+) have a lower lung function as measured by forced expiratory techniques. Tidal flow-volume loops (TFVL) are easy to perform in infants, and sedation is not necessary.

Materials And Methods: A total of 216 wheezing infants were successfully measured, and 183 of them were followed for over a year.

A worldwide charter for all children with asthma.

Childhood asthma is a huge global health burden. The spectrum of disease, diagnosis, and management vary depending on where children live in the world and how their community can care for them. Global improvement in diagnosis and management has been unsatisfactory, despite ever more evidence-based guidelines.

Risk factors for wheezing in primary health care settings in the tropics.

Background: The International Study of Wheezing in Infants (EISL) is a cross-sectional, population-based study, based on ISAAC (http://www.isaac.auckland.

Are Environmental Factors for Atopic Eczema in ISAAC Phase Three due to Reverse Causation?

Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual- and school-level results for multiple atopic eczema risk factors. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (i.