Dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet measured by the energy-adjusted diet inflammatory index (E-DII) and inflammatory markers in adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 518 adolescents aged 18 and 19 years from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil in 2016. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake from which E-DII scores were calculated to determine the inflammatory potential of the diet.

Geographic Differences in School Success Among Children and Adolescents in the United States.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between rurality and challenges to school success: lack of school engagement, school absenteeism, and repeated grade. Cross-sectional data from the 2020 to 2021 National Survey of Children's Health, children ages 6 to 17 ( = 42,089), was used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between residence rurality and each outcome of interest.

Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity and Sleep Duration in Infants and Toddlers.

Purpose: This study examined longitudinal associations between average physical activity (PA) levels in children and their sleep duration, and whether changes in PA levels are associated with their sleep duration.

Methods: Data were collected on 108 children at 4 time points: when children were 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age (44% female, 50% Non-Hispanic White). PA was assessed using accelerometry.

Long COVID among people with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: People with HIV might be at an increased risk of long COVID (LC) because of their immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation and alterations in immunological responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between HIV infection and LC and the prevalence and characteristics of and risk factors for LC among people with HIV.

Methods: Multiple databases, including Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts, were searched to identify articles published before June 2023.

COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections Among People With HIV: A Statewide Cohort Analysis.

Objectives: This study aims to identify COVID-19 breakthrough infections among people with HIV (PWH) across different phases of the pandemic and explore whether differential immune dysfunctions are associated with breakthrough infections.

Design And Methods: This retrospective population-based cohort study used data from an integrated electronic health record (EHR) database in South Carolina (SC). Breakthrough infection was defined as the first COVID-19 diagnosis documented in the state agency after the date an individual was fully vaccinated (ie, 2 doses of Pfizer/BNT162b2 or Moderna/mRNA-1273, or 1 dose of Janssen/Ad26.

Rural-Urban Differences in Self-Reported Participation in Diabetes Self-Management Education.

Context: Rural America faces a dual challenge with a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (hereafter, diabetes) and diabetes-related mortality. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) can improve glucose control and reduce adverse effects of diabetes, but certified DSME programs remain disproportionately limited in rural counties than in urban counties.

Objective: The goal of this study is to examine the proportion of urban and rural adults who report having received DSME using a nationwide, 29-state survey while considering the potential consequences of lower service availability.

Exploring the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and HPV vaccination in a national sample of adults.

Background: Over 60 % of U.S. adults report adverse childhood experience (ACE), which correlate with risky health behaviors and lower utilization of healthcare preventive measures, potentially leading to chronic diseases in later life.

Racial inequities in cesarean use among high- and low-risk deliveries: An analysis of childbirth hospitalizations in New Jersey from 2000 to 2015.

Objective: To examine racial inequities in low-risk and high-risk (or "medically appropriate") cesarean delivery rates in New Jersey during the era surrounding the United States cesarean surge and peak.

Study Setting And Design: This retrospective repeated cross-sectional study examined the universe of childbirth hospitalizations in New Jersey from January 1, 2000 through September 30, 2015. We estimate the likelihood of cesarean delivery by maternal race and ethnicity, with mixed-level logistic regression models, stratified by cesarean risk level designated by the Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine (SMFM).

Just as expected? Older adults' aging expectations are associated with subjective cognition.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between older adults' expectations regarding aging and subjective cognition. Specifically, we examined whether the three domains of aging expectations (physical health, mental health, and cognitive function) were associated with two aspects of subjective cognition: current subjective cognition and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Method: An online survey was conducted among U.

Geographic Variations in Urban-Rural Particulate Matter (PM) Concentrations in the United States, 2010-2019.

Fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM) is a widely studied pollutant with substantial health impacts, yet little is known about the urban-rural differences across the United States. Trends of PM in urban and rural census tracts between 2010 and 2019 were assessed alongside sociodemographic characteristics including race/ethnicity, poverty, and age.

COVID-19-Related Treatment Cancellations and Oncology Patients' Psychological Health in Nigeria.

To explore the association between COVID-19-related cancer treatment cancellations and the psychological health of cancer patients in Nigeria. We analyzed data collected from 15 outpatient cancer clinics, comprising 1,097 patients between April to July 2020. Study outcome was ten psychological impacts, including feeling down, stressed, and unable to access treatment due to COVID-19 (used as continuous and categorical variable (0-3,4-7,8+ events).

Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Obesity Paradox with Consideration for Racial and/or Ethnic Differences: A Broad Review and Call to Action.

Despite decades of extensive research and clinical insights on the increased risk of all-cause and disease-specific morbidity and mortality due to obesity, the obesity paradox still presents a unique perspective, i.e., having a higher body mass index (BMI) offers a protective effect on adverse health outcomes, particularly in people with known cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Parent Facilitation of Child Emotion Regulation in ASD: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Parents play a substantial role in their children's emotion regulation (ER) abilities. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulties regulating their emotions, which can manifest as externalizing behavioral issues. Parents of children with ASD facilitate their children's ER development in response to unique challenges and stressors, often developing resiliency but other times contributing to their children's dysregulation and behavioral challenges.

The anabolic response to a ground beef patty and soy-based meat alternative: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Soy-based meat alternatives (SBMA) are becoming increasingly popular, but it is unclear if they have the same anabolic effect on skeletal muscle as animal meat.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis by consumption of 1 or two 4 oz patties of SBMA with 4 oz (80% protein/20% fat) beef.

Methods: The study design was a randomized controlled trial.

The relationship between internet gaming disorder, sleeping quality, self-compassion, physical activity participation and psychological distress: A path analysis.

The classification of internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a mental condition for further study in 2013 marked the emerging recognition of potential mental health issues associated with internet and gaming addiction. The COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid growth of gaming technology have combined to increase internet gaming, resulting in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, poor sleep quality and psychological distress. Identifying the complex interplay between internet problem use, sleep disorders and psychological distress is crucial.

Neighborhood environments underpin screen time intervention success in children: Evidence from a study of greenspace and community programming across 130 US communities.

The goal of this study was to understand how neighborhood greenspace access may support or hinder the effectiveness of community programs and policies (CPPs) aimed at reducing racial and ethnic inequities in screen time among 4598 US children. We found higher CPP intensity was significantly associated with fewer screen time behaviors in high greenspace neighborhoods, but not neighborhoods with low or moderate greenspace. Moreover, there were significant differences in greenspace access by neighborhood-level race and ethnicity.

Under-five mortality during the war in Tigray: A community-based study.

Background: Child mortality is one of the key indicators of the Sustainable development goals. The Ethiopian healthcare system in general and Tigray's healthcare system in particular has shown a remarkable progress in terms of reducing maternal, neonatal, and under-five mortality in the last couple of decades. However, the war erupted in November 2020 caused the healthcare system to collapse and little is known about the status of child mortality in Tigray.

Predicting poor mental health among older Syrian refugees in Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nested cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened pre-existing vulnerabilities among older Syrian refugees in Lebanon, potentially impacting their mental health. The study aims to describe the evolution of poor mental health over time and to develop and internally validate a prediction model for poor mental health among older Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

Methods: This prognostic study used cross-sectional data from a multiwave telephone survey in Lebanon.

Out-of-school Activities and Adherence to 24-hour Movement Guidelines.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore associations between participation in out-of-school/weekend organized activities and adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines among US adolescents.

Methods: Data from the 2022 National Survey of Children's Health (N=16,403, age=15.1±1.

A closer examination of the "rural mortality penalty": Variability by race, region, and measurement.

Background: Racial health disparities are well documented and pervasive across the United States. Evidence suggests there is a "rural mortality penalty" whereby rural residents experience poorer health outcomes than their urban counterparts. However, whether this penalty is uniform across demographic groups and U.

Predictors of health-related quality of Life for COVID-19 survivors living in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A repeated Follow-Up after 18 months of their recovery.

The study aimed to explore the key determinants that impact the quality of life (QoL) transformation of those who have recuperated from COVID-19 in the Dhaka metropolis, particularly 18 months post-recovery. RT-PCR confirmed that 1,587 COVID-19 patients from Dhaka were included in the study. The baseline was June - November 2020, subsequently recovered and interviewed 18 months after their initial recovery.