Effects of E-Cigarettes on Combustible Cigarette Smoking Among Adults with Opioid Use Disorder on Buprenorphine: Single Arm ERASER Pilot Trial.

Introduction: People with opioid use disorder (OUD) on buprenorphine smoke at high rates and have low cessation rates, even with evidence-based medications. Electronic cigarettes (EC) are a promising harm reduction strategy for combusted cigarette (CC) smokers unable to quit. Unfortunately, people with OUD are underrepresented in EC research.

Impact of perceived neighborhood social cohesion on vaccination intentions in the post-pandemic era.

Objective: To examine the relationship between perceived neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) and intentions to obtain seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines among US adults post COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of US residents (N = 2189) in May 2023 on their perceived NSC, COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccination intentions, healthcare access, perceived risk of COVID-19 or flu infection, loneliness, and trust in doctors. We used bivariate probit regressions to examine joint associations between perceived NSC and intentions to receive influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, controlling for several participant characteristics (e.

Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression and stress among mothers of preterm and low birthweight infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Accra, Ghana.

To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum stress (PPS) and identify associated risk factors among mothers of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from 255 mothers with preterm and LBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. A standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire collected data on maternal, pregnancy, birth, and infant characteristics.

Spatial pattern and differential expression analysis with spatial transcriptomic data.

The emergence of spatial transcriptomic technologies has opened new avenues for investigating gene activities while preserving the spatial context of tissues. Utilizing data generated by such technologies, the identification of spatially variable (SV) genes is an essential step in exploring tissue landscapes and biological processes. Particularly in typical experimental designs, such as case-control or longitudinal studies, identifying SV genes between groups is crucial for discovering significant biomarkers or developing targeted therapies for diseases.

Characterization of antibiotic resistance development of in synthetic and real wastewater.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health and resistant bacterial populations have been observed to develop and spread in and around wastewater. However, studies on AMR development are typically conducted in ideal media conditions which can differ in composition and nutrient density from wastewater. In this study, we compare the growth and AMR development of in standard LB broth to a synthetic wastewater recipe and autoclaved wastewater samples from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA).

The association between dietary inflammatory index with risk rheumatoid arthritis: A case-control study.

Diet represents an important set of potential risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a known inflammatory condition. This case-control study examined the association between the inflammatory potential of diet, as determined by the dietary inflammatory index (DII®), and RA risk in an Iranian population. The present Case-control study was conducted on 100 RA patients and 200 age- and sex-matched controls in Isfahan, Iran.

Weight status underestimation and weight management goals among adults in the rural South of the United States.

Purpose: To examine factors associated with weight status underestimation and the relationship between weight status underestimation and weight loss as a weight management goal among adults living in the rural South.

Methods: An anonymous survey was distributed at six primary care clinics and two churches in rural, South Carolina counties. Weight status underestimation was determined based on the difference between perceived weight status using standard body mass index (BMI) categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) and BMI category from self-reported height and weight.

Physical Activity Behaviour and Motivation During and Following Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Repeated Measures Study.

Background: Exercise rehabilitation programmes are important for long-term health and wellbeing among people with cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Despite this, many people struggle to maintain their physical activity once rehabilitation ends. This repeated measures study tracked changes in physical activity behaviour and motivation during and after completing a community-based exercise rehabilitation programme.

Rationale and design of Healthy Kids Beyond the Bell: a 2x2 full factorial study evaluating the impact of summer and after-school programming on children's body mass index and health behaviors.

Background: The Structured Days Hypothesis posits that structure protects children against obesogenic behaviors (e.g., physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary intake) and, ultimately, prevents the occurrence of excessive weight gain.

Vocal control and speech production in cochlear implant listeners: A review within auditory-motor processing framework.

A comprehensive literature review is conducted to summarize and discuss prior findings on how cochlear implants (CI) affect the users' abilities to produce and control vocal and articulatory movements within the auditory-motor integration framework of speech. Patterns of speech production pre- versus post-implantation, post-implantation adjustments, deviations from the typical ranges of speakers with normal hearing (NH), the effects of switching the CI on and off, as well as the impact of altered auditory feedback on vocal and articulatory speech control are discussed. Overall, findings indicate that CIs enhance the vocal and articulatory control aspects of speech production at both segmental and suprasegmental levels.

The NEW Soul Study: Implementation and Evaluation Impact From the Secular Trend of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Context: In process evaluation research, secular trends refer to external factors unrelated to an intervention that impact implementation. The COVID-19 pandemic was a secular trend that affected the implementation of the Nutritious Eating with Soul (NEW Soul) study.

Objective: This paper describes steps taken in modifying intervention delivery due to the secular trend of the pandemic.

Discussion of Heated Tobacco Products on Twitter Following IQOS's Modified-Risk Tobacco Product Authorization and US Import Ban: Content Analysis.

Background: Understanding public opinions about emerging tobacco products is important to inform future interventions and regulatory decisions. Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are an emerging tobacco product category promoted by the tobacco industry as a "better alternative" to combustible cigarettes. Philip Morris International's IQOS is leading the global HTP market and recently has been subject to important policy events, including the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP) authorization (July 2020) and the US import ban (November 2021).

Association between iron deficiency anemia and severe maternal morbidity: A retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: We examined the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) during delivery and up to 1-year postpartum.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study across 3 states, we computed adjusted relative risks (aRR) for SMM comparing individuals with IDA versus those without, using modified Poisson regression models.

Results: Among 2459,106 individuals, 10.

Coping strategies associated with art adherence among older adults living with HIV, South Carolina.

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) are living longer due to improvements in HIV care including antiretroviral therapy (ART). Even though ART improves HIV prognosis and life expectancy, its adherence is hindered by many factors. As the population of older adults living with HIV (OALH) continues to increase, it is important to understand the psychosocial factors that are associated with living with HIV to improve ART adherence.

Reassessing the Burden of Food Insecurity in Youth and Young Adults With Youth-onset Diabetes: The Importance of Marginal Food Security.

Introduction: Whereas marginal food insecurity has been recognized as important in Canadian food security policy, the category of marginal food security (MFS) is often ignored in US food security research.

Methods: Prevalence of FI was estimated according to the conventional and an alternate classification of MFS with food insecurity among 938 youth and young adults (YYA) with youth-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 156 with youth-onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the SEARCH Food Security Cohort Study (2018-2021). Multivariable regression was used to estimate the association of MFS and conventionally defined food insecurity (FI) ascertained with diabetes-related outcomes, including acute diabetes complications, health care utilization, and diabetes self-management among YYA with T1D.

Longitudinal Change in Physical Activity in Children 6 to 36 Months of Age.

Objective: To describe the developmental pattern for physical activity (PA) in children 6-36 months of age and to identify factors that are longitudinally associated with PA as children transition from infancy to preschool age.

Study Design: The study employed a prospective longitudinal design with baseline data collected when children were approximately 6 months of age. Mothers and infants (n = 124) were recruited through community and educational settings in South Carolina.

Diet and Survival in Black Women With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Importance: Ovarian cancer survival among Black women is the lowest across all racial and ethnic groups. Poor dietary quality also disproportionately affects Black populations, but its association with ovarian cancer survival in this population remains largely unknown.

Objective: To examine associations between dietary patterns and survival among Black women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

The association between surgical complications and compliance to the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist: A retrospective analysis of hospital records.

Background: The World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC), now used by healthcare providers worldwide, has proved to be useful in the improvement of patients' health through the reduction of mortality and morbidity after surgery. In the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy the SSC is accompanied by a document that registers any non-conformity (NC) identified during SSC completion. This study aimed to investigate the association between surgical complications and checklist compliance, in terms of incompleteness and presence of NCs, using data from the Modena Local Health Unit (LHU).