Characteristics and Impact of U.S. Military Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

As a result of armed conflict, head trauma from exposure to blasts is an increasing critical health issue, particularly among military service members. Whilst numerous studies examined the burden of blast-related brain injuries on service members', few systematic reviews have been published. This work provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence on blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) burden in active U.

Chitosan capping of CuO nanoparticles: Facile chemical preparation, biological analysis, and applications in dentistry.

This investigation is vital contribution to the healthcare system utilizing techniques of nanobiotechnology. It interestingly applies chitosan capped CuO nanoparticles in the field of medicine and restorative dentistry. The CuO nanoparticles and CuO-Chitosan nanoparticles are prepared by co-precipitation, and their characterization is performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).

Effects of Er:YAG laser pre-treatment on dentin structure and bonding strength of primary teeth: an in vitro study.

Background: To investigate the effects of Er:YAG laser pre-treatment on the dentin structure and shear bond strength of primary teeth.

Methods: Dentin specimens were prepared using freshly extracted intact primary molars and divided randomly into four groups based on the surface treatment applied. The control and etchant groups received no treatment and conventional acid etching treatment, respectively, while the energy and frequency groups received laser surface treatment with variable energy (50-300 mJ) and frequency (5-30 Hz) parameters.

Pharyngoesophageal Segment Distention Across Volumes and Pathology.

Purpose Patients receive multiple bolus trials during a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) to assess swallow function, inclusive of narrowing within the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES). While differences in the narrowest and widest segments are visualized, the ratio of distention across boluses is not well understood. Method A retrospective review of 50 consecutive VFSSs with five boluses of varied viscosity and volume was performed.

A four-year prospective study of self-assembling nano-modified dental implants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background/purpose: Dental implantation has become an efficient and important method of replacing lost teeth. However, the success rate of dental-implant treatment in diabetics is higher than patients without diabetes. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate long-term marginal bone loss (MBL) and the stability of a self-assembling nano-modified implant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with a conventional implant.

Correlation of Glottic Gap and Voice Impairment in Presbyphonia.

Objective/hypothesis: The objective of this study was to investigate the glottic gap area as a significant marker for the severity of presbyphonia as it relates to patient-reported outcome measures (Voice Handicap Index-10 [VHI-10]) and stroboscopic findings.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study conducted in an academic tertiary voice center.

Methods: Patients seen at a tertiary voice clinic who were diagnosed with presbyphonia without other organic laryngeal pathology from January 2014 to December 2017 were included.

Insertion Tendinosis of Stylomandibular Ligament: Ernest Syndrome.

Insertion tendinosis of stylomandibular ligament (SML) or Ernest syndrome is a very rare and under reported head and neck pain disorder. The pain originates from the insertion of stylomandibular region and radiates to the temple, lateral side of the neck and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The diagnosis is confirmed by palpation of SML and local anesthetic block at the insertion of SML.

Chitosan encapsulated ZnO nanocomposites: Fabrication, characterization, and functionalization of bio-dental approaches.

Current report is paramount contribution via nanotechnology to the existing remedies of health diseases. The lag in application of capped metallic oxide nanoparticles in restorative dentistry exist which is covered by this promising study. The uncapped and chitosan encapsulated ZnO nanoparticles were fabricated by facile co-precipitation method, and characterized using various biophysical strategies including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX).

Organic vs. Inorganic Tracheobronchial Airway Foreign Body Aspiration: Does Type/Duration Matter?

Objective: We sought to determine the time course of clinical and histologic differences between aspirated inorganic and organic foreign bodies.

Study Design: In-vivo.

Methods: Twenty Sinclair miniature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) were divided into two groups-inorganic or organic foreign bodies.

Determining the Effectivity of Infrared Distance to Eliminate Dental Pain Due to Pulpitis and Periodontitis.

Objective:  The infrared rays is one of the treatments to relief of dental pain due to pulpitis or periodontitis. The ability of infrared to increase the pain threshold which make eliminating P substance on the inflammation area and inducing Aβ and Aδ fibers to activate γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and neuropeptides to decrease the pain. Hence, reducing or eliminating dental pain.

Comparison of intraoperative outcomes with single and double puncture techniques of arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint.

Evidence of differences in operator-related outcomes between single and double puncture arthrocentesis is limited. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare intraoperative outcomes with single puncture types 1 and 2, and double puncture, arthrocentesis. A total of 59 patients with 60 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) were treated sequentially by single puncture type 1 (n=20), single puncture type 2 (n=20), and double puncture arthrocentesis (n=20).

Factors associated with the use of Dental Health Services by Mexican Schoolchildren to receive Professionally Applied Topical Fluoride.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of dental health services to receive professionally applied topical fluoride (DHSU-PATF) in the 12 months prior to the study among Mexican schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 1,404 schoolchildren selected randomly from 15 public schools in the city of Pachuca, Mexico. Questionnaires were distributed to determine the demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables.

Preparation of a Novel Transplant Material, Zirconium Oxide (ZrO₂) Nanotubes, and Characterizations Research.

BACKGROUND Zirconia is one of the most widely used ceramic materials for transplanting and treating caries. This study aimed to synthesize zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) nanotubes and evaluated their characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Zr film was prepared using an ion plating method.

Full-mouth Rehabilitation of a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt-treated Hydrocephalic Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

Hydrocephalus is characterized by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles of the brain, which results in progressive ventricular dilatation and an increased intracranial pressure. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the most common treatment for hydrocephalus. Delayed development, behavioral disturbance, chronological changes in the eruption of their teeth, changes in the occlusion, greater accumulation of plaque, and increased caries prevalence are some of the clinical manifestations in these patients, which are encountered by a pediatric dentist.

A questionnaire study on the impact on oral health-related quality of life by conventional rehabilitation of edentulous patient.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether complete dentures improve the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of edentulous patients, and to assess any associations related to age, gender, and OHRQoL.

Material And Methods: Hundred edentulous patients who required conventional complete denture treatment were selected for this study. The following inclusion criteria were established: edentulous in both jaws with no previous history of denture treatment and no significant medical history.

Four-day plaque regrowth evaluation of a peptide chewing gum in a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Antimicrobial peptide, KSL-W, formulated as an antiplaque chewing gum (APCG), was tested to evaluate the dental plaque inhibition activity and safety in an IRB approved and FDA regulated 4-day plaque regrowth clinical study.

Methods: This Phase 2 two-armed placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized (1:1), multiple dose, and single-center study was evaluated in a proof of concept for the APCG containing 30 mg antimicrobial peptide KSL-W. Twenty six generally healthy subjects were consented and randomized into the study.

[Later approach sinus floor elevation using deproteinized bovine bone mineral with staged implant placement: follow-up for more than 3 years in a prospective clinical study].

To evaluate clinical effect of deproteinized bovine bone for delayed implantation after fenestration. This trial is a continuation of a prospective clinical trial. From May 2011 to February 2015 in Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University after planting division of 55 cases of maxillary teeth missing area of residual alveolar bone height ≤5 mm patients.

Mesenchymal stem cells from orthodontic premolar teeth.

Background: Considering the limitations in isolating Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs), alternate sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are being intensely investigated. This study evaluated dental pulp MSCs (DP-MSCs) isolated from orthodontically extracted premolar teeth from a bone tissue engineering perspective.

Methods: MSCs isolated from premolar teeth pulp were cultured and studied using BMSCs as the control.

ENIGMA brain injury: Framework, challenges, and opportunities.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability worldwide, but the heterogeneous nature of TBI with respect to injury severity and health comorbidities make patient outcome difficult to predict. Injury severity accounts for only some of this variance, and a wide range of preinjury, injury-related, and postinjury factors may influence outcome, such as sex, socioeconomic status, injury mechanism, and social support. Neuroimaging research in this area has generally been limited by insufficient sample sizes.

The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries.

A comprehensive review of the neurological disorders reported during the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the muscle. CNS manifestations include: headache and decreased responsiveness considered initial indicators of potential neurological involvement; anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia are frequent early symptoms of coronavirus infection. Respiratory failure, the lethal manifestation of COVID-19, responsible for 264,679 deaths worldwide, is probably neurogenic in origin and may result from the viral invasion of cranial nerve I, progressing into rhinencephalon and brainstem respiratory centers.

The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions.

Lions are one of the world's most iconic megafauna, yet little is known about their temporal and spatial demographic history and population differentiation. We analyzed a genomic dataset of 20 specimens: two 30,000-y-old cave lions (), 12 historic lions () that lived between the 15th and 20th centuries outside the current geographic distribution of lions, and 6 present-day lions from Africa and India. We found that cave and modern lions shared an ancestor 500,000 y ago and that the 2 lineages likely did not hybridize following their divergence.