Relapse during opioid use disorder treatment: A pilot study to understand the reasons for opioid use during treatment.

Background: Opioid use is a cause of concern in many parts of the world. About 2.1% Indians use opioids.

A Rare Case of Cytomegalovirus Colitis with Subsequent Non-tubercular Mycobacteria Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis occurs commonly in immunocompromised patients with high mortality. CMV infection has also been reported in immunocompetent individuals and it has a varied clinical presentation. When HIV-infected patients are started on antiretroviral therapy (ART) there is a reconstitution of the immune system which results in the paradoxical worsening of existing conditions or development of new disease conditions known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).

Complication profile in a cochlear implantation- surgical audit in a large study population of low socio-economic status in a developing country.

Objectives: To audit surgical complications and their management in cochlear implant (CI) recipients in a tertiary care referral otorhinolaryngology center in South India.

Materials And Methods: Hospital data on 1,250 CI surgeries performed from June 2013 to December 2020 was reviewed. This is an analytical study with data collected from medical records.

Euthanasia - Review and update through the lens of a psychiatrist.

Euthanasia is not infrequent in the modern practice of medicine. Active euthanasia is legal in seven countries worldwide and passive euthanasia has recently been legalized in India by the Supreme Court. In India, physicians and nurses generally have a favorable attitude towards euthanasia but lack in adequate training to deal with such requests.

Local Random Pattern and Axial Flaps for Reconstruction of Nasal Surgical Defects: Retrospective Analysis with an Attempt to Inspire ENT Surgeons.

: Reconstruction of the surgical defects of the external nose has been challenging and largely considered to be the domain of plastic reconstructive surgeons. The present study aims to share our experience in reconstructing such defects. A retrospective analysis of 11 patients who underwent external nasal reconstruction secondary to surgical defect at our otolaryngology department in a tertiary care hospital from 2017 to 2019 was done.

A Comparative Prospective Study to Evaluate Outcomes of Ossiculoplasty using Autograft Versus Synthetic Graft.

Chronic Otitis Media is the most common cause of hearing impairment with ear discharge with which patients report to any otologist. The aim of management in such cases is to provide a safe ear and restore the hearing by Tympanoplasty. Many materials have been used for ossicular reconstruction, including both biological and synthetic materials.

COVID-19-associated psychosis in Indian settings: A retrospective descriptive study.

Background: The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people across the world since early 2020. Besides the large number of case fatalities, this virus has produced significant health-related sequelae involving multiple systems of the body. As with previous coronavirus infections, this was also found to be associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Mastoid cavity obliteration using bone pâté versus bioactive glass granules in the management of chronic otitis media (squamous disease): a prospective comparative study.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of bone pâté versus bioactive glass in mastoid obliteration.

Method: This randomised parallel groups study was conducted at a tertiary care centre between September 2017 and August 2019. Sixty-eight patients, 33 males and 35 females, aged 12-56 years, randomly underwent single-stage canal wall down mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration using either bone pâté (n = 35) or bioactive glass (n = 33), and were evaluated 12 months after the operation.

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Capitate.

Primary aneurysmal bone cyst of the capitate is a rare disorder and it occurs commonly in the metacarpal bones. There are only three documented cases in literature of its occurrence in carpal bones. We report one such case of a 21-year-old male serving soldier, its clinical presentation, imaging findings, and treatment by curettage and bone grafting.

MRI evaluation of soft tissue vascular malformations.

Background: Soft tissue vascular malformations are not uncommonly encountered in clinical practice and are often mistaken for other pathologies. Vascular anomalies are divided into vascular tumors and malformations. Vascular malformations progressively increase in size with increasing age and are classified into low-flow (venous, lymphatic, veno-lymphatic, capillary and capillary venous) and high-flow malformations (arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF)) depending on the presence or absence of arterial flow.

Symptomatic CSF HIV Escape in Patients on Anti Retroviral Therapy - A Case Series from India.

The central nervous system is believed to be a safe sanctuary site which is established very early in the course of HIV infection where the virus can escape antiretroviral therapy. HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is seen to occur even in patients on successful systemic ART. HIV RNA can be at higher levels in CSF than plasma termed as CSF / plasma discordance or CSF escape.

Subtotal Petrosectomy in Cochlear Implant Surgery: Our Experience.

Aims: Subtotal petrosectomy (SP) with cochlear implant (CI) is required in certain specific situations in the management of patients who are candidates for cochlear implants. To study and review the indications, surgical issues, and complications of this procedure.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of all patients who underwent subtotal petrosectomy with cochlear implant during the period January 2010-December 2016 at a tertiary care and referral centre.

Metastatic endophthalmitis - Has the trend of causative organism changed in the modern antibiotic era - A Systematic Review.

Endogenous endophthalmitis, EE, a less common form of endophthalmitis, occurs when the microorganisms spread to the eye through the bloodstream, from a septic focus elsewhere in the body, that breaches into the integrity of the eyeball itself. The etiopathogenesis of endogenous endophthalmitis has changed over the past two decades, the aim of this review being to study the changing trends in causative organism in the era of modern antibiotics.

Contact endoscopy for detection of residual or recurrent disease after radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate contact endoscopy in detecting local treatment failures post-radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Method: A total of 135 consecutive patients with suspected residual or recurrent cancer after definitive radiotherapy underwent contact endoscopy before biopsy. Contact endoscopy findings were compared with histopathological examination findings.

Wandering Ozurdex in eyes with scleral fixated intraocular lens and its management: A report of two cases.

Purpose: To report a complication little reported until now: to and fro migration of the dexamethasone implant between the anterior and posterior segment (wandering Ozurdex) of sclera fixated intraocular lens (IOL) eyes and its effective management.

Methods: Two cases of to and fro migration of Ozurdex (wandering Ozurdex) in two pseudophakic patients with scleral fixated posterior chamber IOL: first, a case of Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) disease and second, a case of pseudophakic cystoids macular edema (CME) were successfully managed.

Results: Both patients were initially managed with repositioning of implants by supine posturing and use of drugs, but implants again migrated into anterior chamber and underwent surgical removal with preservation of corneal transparency.

Outbreak of algaemia and sepsis in a tertiary care chemotherapy oncology unit.

Background: is an emerging, opportunistic, pathogenic, zoonotic achlorophyllous green alga, expanding in pathogenicity and host range, causing localized and disseminated infections. This outbreak of algaemia and sepsis in a tertiary care 30-bedded chemotherapy oncology unit is the first human outbreak to the best of our knowledge.

Methods: algaemia was confirmed on consecutive isolation.

Evaluation of the diabetes in pregnancy study group of India criteria and Carpenter-Coustan criteria in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance that is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy. This prospective study was undertaken to validate the single-step non-fasting 75 gm Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criteria of GDM in Indian patients in comparison with the two-step fasting 100 gm glucose challenge through the Carpenter Coustan criteria (CCC).

Materials And Methods: Two hundred patients underwent comparative testing using the DIPSI criteria and CCC.

Pubic Symphysis Diastasis: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Separation of pubic symphysis during delivery is a rare complication resulting in considerable and prolonged morbidity for parturient women. The usual presentation is that of something giving way in the region of the symphysis pubis sometimes with an audible crack at the time of delivery. Unbearable pain on moving from side-to-side and on performing any weight-bearing activity (such as walking or climbing stairs) precludes ambulation in the immediate postpartum period.

Device-Associated Healthcare-Associated Infections (DA-HAI) and the caveat of multiresistance in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit.

Background: Device-Associated Healthcare-Associated Infections (DA-HAI), including Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Central-Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI), and Catheter-Related Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), are considered as principal contributors to healthcare hazard and threat to patient safety as they can cause prolonged hospital stay, sepsis, and mortality in the ICU. The study intends to characterize DA-HAI in a tertiary care multidisciplinary ICU of a teaching hospital in eastern India.

Methods: This prospective outcome-surveillance study was conducted among 2157 ICU patients of a 760-bedded teaching hospital in Eastern India.