A Case of Silicone and Sarcoid Granulomas in a Patient with "Highly Cohesive" Silicone Breast Implants: A Histopathologic and Laser Raman Microprobe Analysis.

Foreign body giant cell (FBGC) reaction to silicone material in the lymph nodes of patients with silicone breast implants has been documented in the literature, with a number of case reports dating back to 1978. Many of these case reports describe histologic features of silicone lymphadenopathy in regional lymph nodes from patients with multiple sets of different types of implants, including single lumen smooth surface gel, single lumen textured surface gel, single lumen with polyethylene terephthalate patch, single lumen with polyurethane coating, and double lumen smooth surface. Only one other case report described a patient with highly-cohesive breast implants and silicone granulomas of the skin.

Effects of delta-tocotrienol supplementation on Glycemic Control, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and miRNA expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized control trial.

The study aimed to ascertain the effects of delta-tocotrienol (δT3) supplementation on glycemic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and related micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Total 110 patients of T2DM on oral hypoglycemic agents, were randomly divided into tocotrienol and placebo groups and given 250 mg δT3 or cellulose soft gel capsule once daily respectively for 24 weeks. Glycemic control, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, and miRNAs expression were measured in serum at baseline and end of the intervention by using standard laboratory methods.

Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 Strain Isolated in Gilgit, Pakistan.

Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolate obtained from a nasopharyngeal swab from the first patient with COVID-19 in Gilgit, Pakistan.

Next Generation Sequencing-Based Germline Panel Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancers in Pakistan.

Background: Pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA1/2 constitute the majority of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancers worldwide. Incidence and mortality rate of breast and ovarian cancers in Pakistani women is high. Thus, to establish the diagnosis for targeted therapy in Pakistan, we conducted Next-generation sequencing-based germline testing for the detection of BRCA1/2 oncogenic variants associated with breast and ovarian cancer subtype.

Serodiagnostic evaluation of fusion proteins from multiple antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for active TB.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem, being prevalent in the developing countries. A rapid, reliable and cost effective diagnostic method would help in controlling TB in the endemic populations. Development of suitable fusion molecules detecting multiple antibodies produced against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens would enhance sensitivity of serodiagnostic assays.

Schwannoma of the Base of the Tongue: A Case Report of a Rare Disease and Review of Literatures.

Background: Schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath tumor. It was first identified by Virchow in 1908. These tumors can emerge from any nerve covered with a Schwann cell sheath, including the cranial nerves (with the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves), the spinal nerves, and the autonomous nervous system (Harada H, Omura K and Maeda A, 2001).

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Primary Immunodeficiency Patients from a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and identify clinical presentation of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs). Characteristic quantitative and qualitative immunological abnormalities have been described which help in establishing a definitive PID diagnosis.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Immunology department of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Dec 2018.

Frequency of Cryptosporidiosis in Children having Persistent Diarrhea.

Objective: Globally childhood diarrheal diseases continue to be the second leading cause of death. are important intestinal parasites that cause diarrhea in humans and animals particularly in developing countries. This investigation was carried out to find out the frequency of cryptosporidiosis in children presenting with persistent diarrhea.

Evaluation of Mast Cell Density using CD117 antibody and Microvessel Density Using CD34 Antibody in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To compare mast cell and microvessel densities among histologic grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Setting: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 specimens of OSCC comprising 20 each of well, moderately and poorly differentiated were evaluated.

Amyloid-beta Induced Neurotoxicity Impairs Cognition and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Neurogenesis, the key mechanism to generate new neurons from existing stem cell niches continues throughout the life in the adult mammalian brain, although decelerate with aging or the progression of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the past few years, impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis emerged as a contributing hallmark of AD pathophysiology along with amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau hyper phosphorylation-induced neurotoxicity. However, no conclusive evidence exists that indicates the up/down-regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis during the course of AD progression.

Trace metal profiling in patients with depression in Pakistani population.

Objective: To determine level of trace metals in patients with depression in order to explore any association between the two.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted at the Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and Armed Forces Institute of Mental Health, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to December 2017, and comprised diagnosed cases of depression with equal number of age- and gender-matched controls. Depression was diagnosed by a consultant psychiatrist as per the International Classification of Diseases version 10 / Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -IV criteria and a self-reported depression screening through Siddiqui-Shah Depression Scale.

Hepatitis E virus genotype 1f outbreak in Bangladesh, 2018.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a significant public health issue in many developing countries, causing waterborne outbreaks as well as sporadic hepatitis. We report here an outbreak of HEV genotype 1f infection during April-May 2018 among people living at Halisohor, a low land in the southern part of Chottogram District of Bangladesh. A total of 933 patients were admitted to Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Chottogram, with symptoms of acute hepatitis.

VE1 immunohistochemistry is an adjunct tool for detection of BRAF mutation: Validation in thyroid cancer patients.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy among other endocrine tumors, and BRAF is a frequent genetic mutation occurring in the disease. Although different molecular techniques, most importantly sequencing has been widely recognized as a gold standard but molecular diagnosis remains an expensive, laborious, and time-intensive process. Recently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-BRAF V600E (VE1) antibody has increased practical utility and implemented clinically for the detection of BRAF mutation.

Comparison of Sequence Specific Primers in the Next Generation Sequencing in Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing for Transplant Recipients.

Objective: To compare two human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing methods, namely sequence specific primers (SSP) and next generation sequencing (NGS) for alleles concordance Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Immunology department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from December 2019 to May 2020.

Methodology: A total of 48 subjects, including 30 males and 18 females, were typed by NGS at 7 loci, making a total of 672 types loci.

Evaluation of blood lead levels by atomic absorption spectrometry in school going children of northern areas of Pakistan.

Objective: To evaluate blood lead levels and assess their correlation with academic performance in school children.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to December, 2017, and comprised school children in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and Hajira, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected in potassium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes for lead levels, haemoglobin and plasma ferritin.

Panhypopituitarism in an Adult Male and Hypogonadism as a First Clue.

Hypopituitarism is a rare entity with reported incidence, 4 per 100,000 and about 50% of such patients present with three to five pituitary hormone deficits. A slow onset of symptoms is typical. But, diversified presentations from absence of symptoms to vague clinical features to lethal effects leading to mortality are not uncommon in such disorder.

Frequency of Panel Reactive Antibodies (PRA) among Renal Transplant Recipients and its Effect Modifiers.

Objective: To determine frequency of panel reactive antibodies among renal transplant recipients and its effect modifiers.

Study Design:   A cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from October 2016 to October 2017.

Methylphenidate and Rosmarinus officinalis improves cognition and regulates inflammation and synaptic gene expression in AlCl-induced neurotoxicity mouse model.

Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychotropic medication is commonly used for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study we elucidated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of MPH and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract, an ancient aromatic herb with several applications in traditional medicine. Briefly, six groups of mice (n = 8 each group), were specified for the study and behavioral analysis was performed to analyze spatial memory followed by histological assessment and gene expression analysis of synaptic (Syn I, II and III) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNFα and GFAP) via qRT-PCR, in an AlCl-induced mouse model for neurotoxicity.

Rising HIV seroconversion rates & associated risks among employees of organization 'X': A case control study, Pakistan, 2017.

Background And Objectives: In 2004 Pakistan escalated from 'low-prevalence' to 'concentrated' phase of HIV epidemic. Despite global decline in HIV incidence since 1997, rate of HIV infections in Pakistan is persistently rising since 1990. Available literature focusses on key populations or localized outbreaks limited by short study duration and regional applicability of results.

Delta-tocotrienol supplementation improves biochemical markers of hepatocellular injury and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of delta-tocotrienol (δ-tocotrienol) supplementation on biochemical markers of hepatocellular injury and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Design: The study design was a two-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive δ-tocotrienol 300 mg twice daily or placebo for 24 weeks.

Correlation of MSH2 exonic deletions and protein downregulation with breast cancer biomarkers and outcome in Pakistani women/patients.

Mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is one of the underlying mechanisms of predisposition to breast cancer (BC). The present study explored the association of MSH2 exonic deletions, respective survival analysis, protein structure prediction, transcription profiling, and expression analysis with BC risk. Genotyping analysis of 493 BC cases and 387 controls confirmed the association of two MSH2 exonic deletions, i.

Impact of Homozygous C4A Deficiency on Clinical Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: To investigate the association of C4A null allele (C4AQ0) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and determine the clinical presentation of SLE in relation to C4A null allele.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Immunology Department, from December 2018 to December 2019.