Probing in the complexities of the integrated undergraduate medical curriculum: A qualitative exploratory study.

Objective: To explore the perceptions of the faculty regarding the level of curriculum integration and their interpretation of the integration ladder in achieving the complex process.

Methods: The qualitative exploratory study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College Islamabad, University College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore and Rehman Medical College Peshawar, from March to August 2018. The participants were the faculty members involved in the designing and implementation of the integrated curriculum in these institutes.

Comparison of mean operative time in patients undergoing Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy and pneumatic lithotripsy in ureterorenoscopy for ureteric calculus.

Objective: To compare the mean operative time (MOT) in patients undergoing Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy (LL) and pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) for ureteric stones.

Methods: This randomized study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from July 2016 to November 2018. Non probability consecutive sampling technique utilized to enroll 60 patients of both gender aged 18-60 years, having ureteric calculus ≤1.

Radiation Safety Knowledge and Practice in Urology Theaters: A Collaborative Multicenter Survey.

To evaluate the knowledge and current radiation safety practice among health care professionals undertaking fluoroscopic procedures in urology. A 14-question survey was disseminated to multidisciplinary urology theater staff. Questions included demographic data, usual radiation safety practice, and knowledge.

Diagnostic accuracy of NMP 22 and urine cytology for detection of transitional cell carcinoma urinary bladder taking cystoscopy as gold standard.

Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of NMP 22 and urine cytology in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) urinary bladder taking cystoscopy as a gold standard in patients having provisional diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC).

Methods: This cross sectional validational study enrolled 380 patients fulfilling selection criteria and was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU) Rawalpindi, Pakistan form July 2018 to July 2019. The urine sample collected underwent NMP22 and cytological analysis followed by rigid cystoscopy.

Left renal mass with venous extension in hemi-azygous vein.

Extension of renal mass (RM) along venous drainage pathways is a well-recognized entity. All previously reported cases of RM show inferior vena cava (IVC), left renal vein and azygous vein involvement. We report a 55-year-old man who had left RM arising from the upper pole with invasion in left renal vein, IVC and hemi-azygous vein.

Emphysematous pyelitis in a solitary functioning kidney.

The present report describes the case of a 53-year-old male patient with solitary functioning right kidney admitted to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain, deranged blood sugar, and fever (38.5 °C). Laboratory investigations and computed tomography findings revealed urinary tract infection, deranged renal functions, raised inflammatory markers associated with the presence of gas in the collecting system, characterizing unilateral emphysematous pyelitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

CARLo-7-A plausible biomarker for bladder cancer.

Cancer is defined as undifferentiated and unchecked growth of cells damaging the surrounding tissue. Cancers manifest altered gene expression. Gene expression is regulated by a diverse array of non-protein-coding RNA.

Increased expression levels of Syntaxin 1A and Synaptobrevin 2/Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein-2 are associated with the progression of bladder cancer.

Gene expression is tightly regulated in time and space through a multitude of factors consisting of signaling molecules. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) are membrane proteins responsible for the intercellular trafficking of signals through endocytosis and exocytosis of vesicles. Altered expression of SNARE proteins in cellular communication is the major hallmark of cancer phenotypes as indicated in recent studies.

Vesicouterine fistula.

A 41 years lady presented with 13 years history of urinary incontinence alongwith menouria, which had developed after the first vaginal delivery. However, she had four normal vaginal deliveries later. Intravenous urography showed normal flow on both sides but there was spillage of contrast from the urinary bladder into the uterus, in the cystographic phase.

Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter in a solitary functioning kidney.

We present a 60 years old male with transitional cell carcinoma of the left ureter. The right kidney was non excretory while the left one was the solitary functioning kidney with multiple renal cysts. He had presented with significantly deranged renal profile and left obstructed ureter.

Inverted papilloma of ureter: a rare cause of hydronephrosis.

A case of hydronephrosis with a rare underlying cause in a 35 years old male is described. He reported with pain in the left lumbar region with a past history of left ureterolithotomy. The ultrasound and IVU studies were suggestive of left hydronephroureter.