Emphysematous pyelitis in a solitary functioning kidney.

The present report describes the case of a 53-year-old male patient with solitary functioning right kidney admitted to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain, deranged blood sugar, and fever (38.5 °C). Laboratory investigations and computed tomography findings revealed urinary tract infection, deranged renal functions, raised inflammatory markers associated with the presence of gas in the collecting system, characterizing unilateral emphysematous pyelitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

CARLo-7-A plausible biomarker for bladder cancer.

Cancer is defined as undifferentiated and unchecked growth of cells damaging the surrounding tissue. Cancers manifest altered gene expression. Gene expression is regulated by a diverse array of non-protein-coding RNA.

Increased expression levels of Syntaxin 1A and Synaptobrevin 2/Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein-2 are associated with the progression of bladder cancer.

Gene expression is tightly regulated in time and space through a multitude of factors consisting of signaling molecules. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) are membrane proteins responsible for the intercellular trafficking of signals through endocytosis and exocytosis of vesicles. Altered expression of SNARE proteins in cellular communication is the major hallmark of cancer phenotypes as indicated in recent studies.

Medical Complications Of Renal Transplant - 2 Years' Experience At Armed Forces Institute Of Urology.

Background: Renal transplant is the renal replacement therapy of choice for all patients of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the trends of medical complications in renal transplant recipients at our centre.

Methods: it is a prospective cross sectional descriptive study.

Examination of CK2α and NF-κB p65 expression in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues.

Protein kinase CK2 plays a critical role in cell growth, proliferation, and suppression of cell death. CK2 is overexpressed, especially in the nuclear compartment, in the majority of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). CK2-mediated activation of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 is a key step in cellular proliferation, resulting in translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

Vesicouterine fistula.

A 41 years lady presented with 13 years history of urinary incontinence alongwith menouria, which had developed after the first vaginal delivery. However, she had four normal vaginal deliveries later. Intravenous urography showed normal flow on both sides but there was spillage of contrast from the urinary bladder into the uterus, in the cystographic phase.

Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter in a solitary functioning kidney.

We present a 60 years old male with transitional cell carcinoma of the left ureter. The right kidney was non excretory while the left one was the solitary functioning kidney with multiple renal cysts. He had presented with significantly deranged renal profile and left obstructed ureter.

Ureterovaginal fistula--etiological factors and outcome.

Objective: To assess the etiological factors and the outcome of ureterovaginal fistula in an urban setting.

Methods: The observational study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2009 to January 2011. All the patients of uretero-vaginal fistula at the centre were included on the basis of non-probability purposive sampling.

Inverted papilloma of ureter: a rare cause of hydronephrosis.

A case of hydronephrosis with a rare underlying cause in a 35 years old male is described. He reported with pain in the left lumbar region with a past history of left ureterolithotomy. The ultrasound and IVU studies were suggestive of left hydronephroureter.

Bulbar uretheral stricture repair with buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty.

Objective: To evaluate the use of buccal mucosa graft in single stage urethral reconstruction of bulbar urethral stricture.

Methods: In Armed Forces Institute of Urology Rawalpindi, from Jan 2008 to Oct 2009, 56 patients underwent single stage dorsal onlay urethroplasty using buccal mucosa graft for long bulbar urethral strictures (> 2cm). Urethra was incised along the strictured segment in the 12 o'clock (dorsal) position starting from the distal end.

Bladder outlet obstruction in a 5 years boy.

We report a 5 years old boy with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to a fibroepithelial polyp of prostatic urethra. The micturating cystourethrogram showed a filling defect in the posterior urethra. Cystourethroscopy revealed a polyp in the prostatic urethra proximal to the verumontanum.

Pattern of malignant renal tumours using 2004 WHO classification of renal tumours on radical nephrectomy.

Objective: To determine the type of malignant renal tumours subjected to radical nephrectomy at a tertiary care urology unit using the 2004 WHO classification for renal tumours.

Methods: It was an observational study conducted at Department of Urology, AFIU Rawalpindi, from October 2008 to September 2010. The study included 92 patients with malignant renal tumours of both genders aged above 15 years.

A rare complication of forgotten ureteral stent.

A 35 years old lady presented with history of something coming out of the genitalia for the last 5 days. She also had history of pain in the left lumbar region which was initially investigated but the patient did not follow-up. About 15 years ago she also underwent left ureteric reimplantation.

Transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP) for minimally enlarged prostates.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Transurethral Incision of Prostate (TUIP) with Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP), in terms of improvement in peak flow rate (Q-Max) and number of complications.

Study Design: It was an interventional, quasi-experimental study.

Place And Duration Of Study: This study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU), Rawalpindi, from November 2006 to December 2007.

Fracture penis with complete urethral disruption during intercourse.

We present a rare case of fracture penis with complete urethral disruption in a 38 years old male. This resulted in an erect penis during sexual intercourse. He presented with diffuse and tense swelling of the penis along with acute urinary retention and distended urinary bladder.

Vesico-vaginal fistula: interposition flap, a key to success.

Background: Vesico-vaginal Fistula (VVF) is an abnormal communication between bladder and vagina that causes continuous discharge of urine in to vaginal vault. The objective of this study is to describe current trends of aetiology and repair of Vesico-vaginal Fistulae. This is a Descriptive Study, conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital, Kharian between May 2001 and May 2007.