Examining the impact of a 9-component bundle and the INICC multidimensional approach on catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates in 32 countries across Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Background: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) frequently occur in the intensive care unit (ICU) and are correlated with a significant burden.

Methods: We implemented a strategy involving a 9-element bundle, education, surveillance of CAUTI rates and clinical outcomes, monitoring compliance with bundle components, feedback of CAUTI rates and performance feedback. This was executed in 299 ICUs across 32 low- and middle-income countries.

Comparison Of Hemodynamic Effect Caused By Intrathecal Low Dose Administration Of 0.5% Against 0.75% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine In Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Surgery Under Unilateral Spinal Anaesthesia.

Background: Spinal anaesthesia has its unique place in modern anaesthetic practice. In past, most of the surgeries, irrespective of the site of surgery, were performed in general anaesthesia but now in the modern anaesthetic field, spinal anaesthesia has markedly replaced general anaesthesia, specifically in obstetrics, lower limbs, and abdominal surgeries.

Methods: A total of 100 patients fit to undergo lower limb surgery between the ages of 20 to 70 years were included in the study.

Effect Of Perineural Administration Of Dexmedetomidine With Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine Alone In Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Block For Upper Extremity Orthopaedic Operations.

Background: During procedures on the upper limbs, the brachial plexus block is usually advised. To increase the length of the block, many medicines have been utilized as adjuvants. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine plus bupivacaine against bupivacaine alone on the onset and duration of the sensory and motor block and the duration of analgesia in the supraclavicular block during upper extremity orthopaedic surgery.

Incidence and risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection in 623 intensive care units throughout 37 Asian, African, Eastern European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern nations: A multinational prospective research of INICC.

Objective: To identify urinary catheter (UC)-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) incidence and risk factors.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted across 623 ICUs of 224 hospitals in 114 cities in 37 African, Asian, Eastern European, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries.

Assessing the impact of a multidimensional approach and an 8-component bundle in reducing incidences of ventilator-associated pneumonia across 35 countries in Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) occurring in the intensive care unit (ICU) are common, costly, and potentially lethal.

Methods: We implemented a multidimensional approach and an 8-component bundle in 374 ICUs across 35 low and middle-income countries (LMICs) from Latin-America, Asia, Eastern-Europe, and the Middle-East, to reduce VAP rates in ICUs. The VAP rate per 1000 mechanical ventilator (MV)-days was measured at baseline and during intervention at the 2nd month, 3rd month, 4-15 month, 16-27 month, and 28-39 month periods.

An international prospective study of INICC analyzing the incidence and risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections in 235 ICUs across 8 Asian Countries.

Background: Identify urinary catheter (UC)-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) incidence and risk factors (RF) in 235 ICUs in 8 Asian countries: India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Methods: From January 1, 2014, to February 12, 2022, we conducted a prospective cohort study. To estimate CAUTI incidence, the number of UC days was the denominator, and CAUTI was the numerator.

Evaluating Critical Appraisal Skills by Introducing Journal Clubs to Preclinical Dental Students Using the Assessing Competency in Evidence-Based Medicine (ACE) Tool Through Pre and Post-testing.

Background The ineffective utilization of journal clubs (JCs) for pre-clinical dental students has led to a lack of research into their effectiveness in developing skills such as critical reasoning and evidence-based medicine (EBM) practice. Therefore, we have implemented JCs in first-year undergraduate dental students and measured their effectiveness using the integrated Assessing Competency in Evidence-Based Medicine (ACE) tool. Methodology We conducted a quasi-experimental study where EBM was included in the curriculum for pre-clinical students as a hybrid model with a year-long blended learning approach.

Probing in the complexities of the integrated undergraduate medical curriculum: A qualitative exploratory study.

Objective: To explore the perceptions of the faculty regarding the level of curriculum integration and their interpretation of the integration ladder in achieving the complex process.

Methods: The qualitative exploratory study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College Islamabad, University College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore and Rehman Medical College Peshawar, from March to August 2018. The participants were the faculty members involved in the designing and implementation of the integrated curriculum in these institutes.

Comparison of mean operative time in patients undergoing Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy and pneumatic lithotripsy in ureterorenoscopy for ureteric calculus.

Objective: To compare the mean operative time (MOT) in patients undergoing Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy (LL) and pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) for ureteric stones.

Methods: This randomized study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from July 2016 to November 2018. Non probability consecutive sampling technique utilized to enroll 60 patients of both gender aged 18-60 years, having ureteric calculus ≤1.

Radiation Safety Knowledge and Practice in Urology Theaters: A Collaborative Multicenter Survey.

To evaluate the knowledge and current radiation safety practice among health care professionals undertaking fluoroscopic procedures in urology. A 14-question survey was disseminated to multidisciplinary urology theater staff. Questions included demographic data, usual radiation safety practice, and knowledge.

Triage of urology service to cope with COVID-19 pandemic: A single institution study.

Almost a year ago, no one has ever heard of COVID-19 but now, every individual in the world is familiar with this term. It is far from over and yet, it has affected every aspect of human life. The Department of Urology at King's College Hospital London provides all types of urology care ranging from benign to cancer treatments to the community.

Mini PCNL: A viable single stage treatment for pediatric nephrolithiasis in resource limited countries.

Introduction: There is increasing enthusiasm for the value of mini PCNL for pediatric stone clearance. In developing countries, it is important to arrange a single stage treatment as a significant proportion of patients do not comply with repeated treatments, such as SWL.

Objective: To assess the safety, feasibility and outcomes of Mini PCNL in a pediatric cohort.

Bilateral Hydronephrosis Secondary to Giant Cell Tumor of the Sacrum.

Sacral giant cell tumors (GCTs) are rare entities that exhibit slow progressive growth and become clinically apparent when they reach a considerable size. The current case report discusses the presentation, investigation, and management of a young male patient diagnosed with a large sacral mass. A 17-year-old male patient presented with uremia, bilateral lumbar pain, and severe weakness of his lower extremities.

Hemangioma of penile urethra - Treatment with intralesional triamcinolone.

Hemangiomas are benign vascular lesion, most commonly seen in liver and skin whereas rarely found in genitourinary system. In genitourinary tract urethral hemangiomas are mostly found in males. A case of uretheral hemangioma in 18 years old boy who presented with history of painless bleeding per urethra since age of 3 years.

Laparoscopic Versus Open Pyeloplasty for Primary Pelvic Ureteric Junction Obstruction: A Prospective Single Centre Study.

Introduction The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and patient-reported outcomes among open pyeloplasty (OP) and laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) patients. Materials and methods This was a prospective single centre, case-cohort study conducted in a tertiary care hospital with 62 patients. In both techniques, dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty were undertaken.

Para-pelvic cyst-an unusual cause of pelviureteric obstruction in a malrotated kidney.

Pelviureteric junction obstruction can be attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic pathologies. We report an unusual cause of pelviureteric junction obstruction due to a large parapelvic cyst in a malrotated kidney. The patient presented with intermittent flank pain.

Acute Lobar Nephronia in an infant presented as a renal tumor.

A case report of a 02-month-old infant referred to us with incidental bilateral renal masses on ultrasound, which was reported as nephroblastoma/Wilms tumor on CT scan, no signs, and symptoms of infection. Urine and blood cultures were negative, which led to a percutaneous renal biopsy which showed Acute Lobar Nephronia. The infant was started intravenous antibiotics which resulted in the resolution of bilateral renal masses on serial ultrasounds.

Classical prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a solitary functioning kidney with severe kyphoscoliosis.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is one of the important options in the management of large (>2 cms) and complex renal calculi. Traditionally the prone position has been used to access the pelvicaliceal system. It has its advantages and disadvantages as well.

Renal endometriosis mimicking a renal tumor in a pregnant patient.

Renal endometriosis, if progressed is a serious localization of disease burden that can lead to urinary tract obstruction, with subsequent hydronephrosis leading to potential kidney loss. Diagnosis is elusive and relies heavily on clinical suspicion as endometriosis can occur with both minimal and extensive disease. Management technique varies but the goal is to salvage renal function and disease burden.

Pure xanthine pediatric urolithiasis: A cause of acute renal failure.

Xanthine urolithiasis is usually a benign condition, easy to prevent or cure by appropriate alkalinization, forced hydration and restriction of dietary purines if diagnosed early. When unrecognized, xanthinuria can lead to end-stage renal failure or nephrectomy.

Association of Insomnia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Objective To determine the frequency of insomnia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) Study design Cross-sectional (descriptive) Study duration From July 20, 2019, to January 20, 2020 Study settings Department of Nephrology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Materials and methods A total of 148 patients diagnosed with CKD and on maintenance HD were selected for the study in a consecutive sampling manner and checked for insomnia. Results Out of 148 patients included in the study, there were 64.9% male and 35.

Comparison of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate with Both Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) versus Single Analyte (eGFRcr or eGFRcys) Using CKD-EPI and MDRD Equations in Tertiary Care Hospital Settings.

Objectives: To assess and compare the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimated through MDRD and CKD-EPIcr equations in early and late stages of chronic kidney disease on biochemical marker creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys); and combined (eGFRcr-cys), using CKD-EPI equation.

Study Design: Observational, comparative cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU), Rawalpindi from October 2019 to March 2020.

Diagnostic accuracy of NMP 22 and urine cytology for detection of transitional cell carcinoma urinary bladder taking cystoscopy as gold standard.

Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of NMP 22 and urine cytology in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) urinary bladder taking cystoscopy as a gold standard in patients having provisional diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC).

Methods: This cross sectional validational study enrolled 380 patients fulfilling selection criteria and was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology (AFIU) Rawalpindi, Pakistan form July 2018 to July 2019. The urine sample collected underwent NMP22 and cytological analysis followed by rigid cystoscopy.

Left renal mass with venous extension in hemi-azygous vein.

Extension of renal mass (RM) along venous drainage pathways is a well-recognized entity. All previously reported cases of RM show inferior vena cava (IVC), left renal vein and azygous vein involvement. We report a 55-year-old man who had left RM arising from the upper pole with invasion in left renal vein, IVC and hemi-azygous vein.