The comparison of serum bone-turnover markers in different stage of chronic kidney disease and the associated impact of intradialytic cycling in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Introduction: Bone turnover markers reflected the bone remodeling process and bone health in clinical studies. Studies on variation of bone remodeling markers in different stage CKD were scant, and this study investigated the role of bedside intradialytic cycling in altering concentrations of bone-remodeling markers in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Materials And Methods: Participants were segmented into four groups: a group with eGFR >60 ml/min/1.

Historiography of Scientific Publishing across Cultures and Disciplines.

Historiography is a vital perspective of our scientific literature that charts the evolution of scientific publishing, from its early origins to the present status. The key transformations including the shift from a limited self-published legacy to specialized and professional peer-reviewed journals, the impact of technological advancements, and the emergence of new profitable business models are learning points for the future course and couture. Science is pursued and persevered by real humans in social and cultural contexts and not in isolation of laboratories or clinics.

State of Lung Cancer in Egypt: Moving Towards Improved Guidelines for Prevention, Screening, Treatment, and Clinical Care Programs.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally and presents significant challenges in Egypt. In 2023, the first annual meeting of the Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Faculty, organized by the Egyptian Cancer Research Network and the Egyptian Society of Respiratory Neoplasms, was held in Cairo, Egypt. The meeting aimed to address gaps in lung cancer management across Egypt and the broader Middle East and North Africa region.

Tibial Skeletal Adaptations in Male and Female Marine Corps Officer Candidates Undergoing 10 Weeks of Military Training.

Military training improves tibial density, structure, and estimated strength; however, men and women may adapt differently. Most work performed in military populations has assessed changes in bone health during initial entry programs, a timeframe at the beginning of a service member's career when bones may be more adaptable to a novel mechanical stimulus. The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), structure, and estimated strength, and biomarkers of bone metabolism (P1NP, osteocalcin, TRAP5b, sclerostin) between male and female candidates measured at the start and end of United States Marine Corps Officer Candidates School (OCS), a 10-week military training program attended by older service members (~ 25 y/o) who may have previous military experience.

Effectiveness of Three-dimensional Cardiac Computed Tomography Scan in Congenital Heart Surgery-An Impact on Diagnostic Performance and Surgical Management.

Background: Recent advances in gated cardiac contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) with anesthesia support, enhance the imaging performance in congenital heart disease (CHD). 3D reconstruction of the CECT image is a novel modality that could help manage pediatric cardiac patients.

Methods: A retrospective study of children diagnosed with CHD presenting for surgical intervention (n = 139) was carried out at our cardiac surgical center.

Randomised controlled trials of dual antiplatelet therapy versus aspirin in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack: an updated meta-analysis.

Introduction: We explored the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for individuals diagnosed with stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), incorporating the latest insights from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The emerging evidence surrounding DAPT in stroke and TIA plays a pivotal role in guiding clinical decisions.

Methods: Our study included five RCTs (INSPIRES, THALES, POINT, CHANCE, FASTER) on DAPT (aspirin + P2Y12 inhibitor) initiated within 72 hours of acute stroke or TIA, which evaluated DAPT efficacy and safety over 21-90 days, focusing on new strokes and major bleeding.

Pulmonary thromboembolism in adults: Experience from a tertiary care center.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to analyze the risk factors, clinical presentations, evaluation and management strategies as well as outcomes of adult pulmonary thromboembolism cases at a tertiary care center.

Methods: In a retrospective observational study, all consecutive adult pulmonary thromboembolism cases admitted from January 2019 to September 2020 at our center were enrolled in this study.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in diagnosing mediastinal lymphadenopathy: Experience from a tertiary care centre.

Background: The evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and masses poses a diagnostic challenge because of a myriad of possible etiologic causes; their proximity to numerous vital structures and the difficulty of access for biopsy. Computed tomography is an excellent modality for the initial evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs). Tissue diagnosis is of paramount importance to confirm the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

Treating adult patients of severe psoriasis with methotrexate leads to reduction in biomarkers of atherosclerosis: A prospective study.

Background: Psoriasis is a common skin disorder; affecting 0.4-2% of general population and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We conducted this prospective study to determine change in biomarkers of atherosclerosis in plaque psoriasis in patients treated with methotrexate.

Longitudinal analysis highlights structural changes in grey- and white-matter within military personnel exposed to blast.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether gray matter volume and diffusion-based metrics in associated white matter changed in breachers who had neuroimaging performed at two timepoints. A secondary purpose was to compare these changes in a group who had a one-year interval between their imaging timepoints to a group that had a two-year interval between imaging.

Methods: Between timepoints, clusters with significantly different gray matter volume were used as seeds for reconstruction of associated structural networks using diffusion metrics.

Comparative Validation of Prediction Models for HCC Outcomes in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Superiority of Tumor Markers to Imaging Study.

Background: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) offers timely curative treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to validate and compare previous prediction models for HCC outcomes in 488 LDLT recipients.

Methods: For 488 patients who underwent LDLT for HCC, pretransplant imaging studies assessed by modified RECSIT criteria, tumor markers such as alpha feto-protein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA II), and explant pathology were recruited.

Tin prefiltration in computed tomography does not significantly alter radiation-induced gene expression and DNA double-strand break formation.

Background: The tin (Sn) prefilter technique is a recently introduced dose-saving technique in computed tomography (CT). This study investigates whether there is an altered molecular biological response in blood cells using the tin prefiltering technique.

Methods: Blood from 6 donors was X-irradiated ex-vivo with 20 mGy full dose (FD) protocols (Sn 150 kV, 150 kV, and 120 kV) and a tin prefiltered 16.

Benefits and drawbacks of radiofrequency ablation percutaneous or minimally invasive surgery for treating hepatocellular carcinoma.

The management of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant challenges. While radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has shown safety and effectiveness in treating HCC, with lower mortality rates and shorter hospital stays, its high recurrence rate remains a significant impediment. Consequently, achieving improved survival solely through RFA is challenging, particularly in retrospective studies with inherent biases.

The Clinical Approach to Angina in Women.

Women presenting with angina are more likely to have cardiac chest pain accompanied more frequently by associated symptoms like abdominal pain and lightheadedness. The evaluation of women with suspected coronary disease can be complex because many have microvascular dysfunction, coronary vasospasm, and altered coagulation that require specific testing protocols beyond the conventional stress testing and a coronary angiogram. Therefore, terms such as angina, ischemia, and myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary disease have been introduced in recent years.

Differences in Brain Volume in Military Service Members and Veterans After Blast-Related Mild TBI: A LIMBIC-CENC Study.

Importance: Blast-related mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), the "signature injury" of post-9/11 conflicts, are associated with clinically relevant, long-term cognitive, psychological, and behavioral dysfunction and disability; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate associations between a history of remote blast-related mild TBI and regional brain volume in a sample of US veterans and active duty service members.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective cohort study of US veterans and active duty service members from the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC), which enrolled more than 1500 participants at 5 sites used in this analysis between 2014 and 2023.

Effects of Desflurane versus sevoflurane on graft outcome of patients with cirrhosis receiving steatotic liver graft in deceased donor liver transplantation.

Study Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of two volatile anesthetic agents, desflurane and sevoflurane, on graft outcomes in patients undergoing deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for cirrhosis, with a specific focus on fatty grafts.

Design: A retrospective observational study.

Setting: A tertiary hospital (Severance Hospital, Korea).

Altered electroencephalography-based source functional connectivity in drug-free patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Compared to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), source localization of a scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) provides higher temporal resolution and frequency synchronization to better understand the potential neurophysiological origins of disrupted functional connectivity (FC) in major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study aimed to investigate EEG-sourced measures to examine the FC in drug-free patients with MDD.

Method: Resting-state 32-channel EEG were recorded in 84 drug-free patients with MDD and 143 healthy controls, and the cortical source signals were estimated.

Occupational Radiation Exposure During Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Fluoroscopy in Pelvis and Acetabular Surgery.

Objectives: To quantify the occupational radiation exposure with a 3-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopic machine during routine use in pelvic and acetabular surgery and to determine whether the additional radiation exposure encountered with the 3D fluoroscopic spin is within previously accepted limits.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Insights Into Modern Undergraduate Ultrasound Education: Prospective Comparison of Digital and Analog Teaching Resources in a Flipped Classroom Concept - The DIvAN Study.

  Sonography training has become an important part of university medicine courses. This study explores the impact of digital and analog teaching resources on learning outcomes, knowledge retention, and student preferences and motivation in a flipped classroom setting.   This prospective controlled study involving two groups of third-year medical students included a voluntary three-day compact ultrasound course given in a flipped classroom, comprising 26 teaching units of 45 minutes each.