Profile of congenital heart disease and correlation to risk adjustment for surgery; an echocardiographic study.

Objective: To determine the pattern and profile of Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) in paediatric patients (age 1 day to 18 years) presenting to a paediatric tertiary referral centre and its correlation to risk adjustment for surgery for congenital heart disease.

Study Design: Descriptive case series.

Place And Duration Of Study: Paediatric Cardiology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi (AFIC/NIHD).

Modified ultrafiltration: role in adult cardiac surgical haemostasis.

Background: During cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to haemodilutional anaemia and activation of inflammatory mediators, affecting haemostasis. Modified Ultrafiltration (MUF) is being increasingly favoured for haemoconcentration without blood transfusion and reducing post operative bleeding.

Methods: Aim of this study was to record the impact of modified ultrafiltration on haemoconcentration and postoperative bleeding during adult cardiac surgery.

Ventricular septal defect in infants and children with increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary hypertension--surgical management: leaving an atrial level communication.

Background: To evaluate the surgical and medical efficacy of the patients operated for Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) with Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR). Infants and children with elevated PVR and Pulmonary Hypertension are associated with significant mortality and morbidity after surgical closure. Circulatory assist devices and sophisticated medicines may not be available to help in the management of infants and children with elevated Pulmonary artery pressure and resistance.

Outcome of ventricular septal defect closure.

Objective: To identify the factors affecting the outcome, measured in terms of morbidity and mortality, after primary ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure.

Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, from January 2002 to October 2003.