Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated With Second Generation Antipsychotics: A Case Study and Review of Literature.

Objective: Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have revolutionized the treatment of psychiatric disorders, but are associated with significant metabolic risks, including diabetes and hyperglycemic crises. This review explores the complex interplay between antipsychotics, diabetes, and hyperglycemic crises, highlighting the mechanisms underlying SGA-induced diabetes.

Methods: We present the case of a patient with schizophrenia who was taking antipsychotic medication and was admitted to the emergency room due to the sudden onset of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) without any history of diabetes.

MPFL reconstruction with proximal rather than distal femoral tunnel position leads to less favorable short-term results.

Background: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction (MPFLR) between anatomic femoral tunnel positions: proximal (near adductor tubercle [AT]) and distal (near medial epicondyle [ME]).

Hypothesis: MPFLR with the proximal femoral tunnel position has worse clinical and radiological outcomes than those with the distal femoral tunnel position.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-five patients who underwent isolated MPFLR with proximal or distal femoral tunnels with at least 2 years of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.

Effect of Posterior Tibial Slopes on Graft Survival Rates at 10 Years After Primary Single-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Recent biomechanical studies have reported that stress on the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft increases as the posterior tibial slope (PTS) decreases (flattened) in knees with single-bundle (SB) and double-bundle PCL reconstruction. Clinical studies of SB PCL reconstruction have shown that a flattened PTS is associated with a lesser reduction in posterior tibial translation. There is no long-term study on the clinical outcomes and graft survival rates of SB PCL reconstruction based on the medial and lateral PTSs measured on magnetic resonance imaging.

Ideal Combination of Anatomic Tibial and Femoral Tunnel Positions for Single-Bundle ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is preferred over nonanatomic ACLR. However, there is no consensus on which point the tunnels should be positioned among the broad anatomic footprints.

Purpose/hypothesis: To identify the ideal combination of tibial and femoral tunnel positions according to the femoral and tibial footprints of the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) anterior cruciate ligament bundles.

The effect of heated lidocaine gel on pain reduction during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a randomized-controlled study.

Purpose: To determine whether intrarectal local anesthesia (IRLA) with heated lidocaine gel provides pain reduction during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy.

Methods: We conducted a randomized-controlled study with 153 participants who underwent TRUS-guided, systematic 12-core prostate biopsy from May 2018 to June 2019. These participants were divided into three test groups.

Postoperative delirium.

Delirium can be defined as an 'acute brain dysfunction.' Compared to dementia, which is a disease that deteriorates the brain function chronically, delirium shows very similar symptoms but is mostly ameliorated when the causative factors are normalized. Due to the heterogeneity in etiologies and symptoms, people including health care workers often mistake delirium for dementia or other psychiatric disorders.

Efficacy of intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of plantar hard corns.

Background: Intralesional bleomycin is effective for the treatment of various dermatologic conditions. However, the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of corns has not been established.

Methods: A total of 50 patients with plantar corns were recruited and equally divided between groups A and B.

Coexistence of congenital giant melanocytic nevus of the scalp with cranial defect, poliosis, and hair loss.

Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are pigmented lesions presenting on the skin in approximately 1% of all newborns at or shortly after birth. CMN have been described as being associated with several anomalies, including cranial bone hypertrophy, scoliosis, and spina bifida. This is the first report to describe a giant congenital melanocytic nevus on the scalp associated with cranial involvement, poliosis, and alopecia.