825 results match your criteria: "Arkansas State University[Affiliation]"

Context: Functional movement screen (FMS) and Y-balance test (YBT) are used to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. FMS and YBT tools in relation to injury in elite female softball athletes have not been examined.

Objectives: This study aims to (1) compare the differences in FMS, Y-Balance upper quarter (YBT-UQ), and lower quarter (YBT-LQ) scores between injured and noninjured group and (2) determine the ability of FMS and YBT scores to predict the odds of musculoskeletal injury in elite fast-pitch female softball athletes.

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Melanoma, the most fatal form of skin cancer, often becomes resistant to the current therapeutic approaches in most patients. To explore new treatment options, fused thiazole derivatives were synthesized, and several of these compounds demonstrated potent anti-melanoma activity both and . These compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against melanoma cell lines at low concentrations.

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We present the complete genome sequence of Splendidofilaria pectoralis, a nematode parasite of grouse (Aves: Galliformes: Tetraonini). Illumina paired-end reads were assembled by a de novo method followed by a finishing step. The raw and assembled data are publicly available via GenBank: Sequence Read Archive (SRR28509439) and assembled genome (JBFSWT000000000).

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Cell Wall Dynamics in the parasitic plant () and rice pathosystem.

Mol Plant Microbe Interact

December 2024

Kenyatta University, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, P O Box 43844, Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 00100;

In the plant-plant pathosystem of rice () and the parasitic plant , cell walls from either plant are important defensive and offensive structures. Here we reveal cell wall dynamics in both and rice using simultaneous RNA sequencing. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to home in on cell wall modification processes occurring in interactions with a resistant rice cultivar (Nipponbare) compared to a susceptible one (IAC 165).

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(1) Background: This study investigates the impact of social vulnerability, as quantified by the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), on animal shelter intakes and adoptions, and the flow of animals between SVI groups at seven shelters within the United States. Understanding how social vulnerability influences these factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve shelter outcomes and community support programs. (2) Methods: The research analyzed intake and adoption data from multiple animal shelters to assess the relationship between the social vulnerability at intake and adoption locations based on Census Tract obtained from addresses, focusing on comparison across strays, seized animals, and owner surrenders.

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Objective: The primary objective was to identify veterinary workforce characteristics and factors contributing to staying in or leaving a veterinary practice. A secondary objective was to compare workforce characteristics and factors related to retention between survey respondents working in rural versus nonrural areas.

Methods: Veterinarians were surveyed via a questionnaire distributed with the use of a state veterinary medical association listserv or veterinary program alumni listserv from February 2022 to January 2023 and social media postings on X (formerly known as Twitter) and Facebook in April 2022.

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Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer that lacks three receptors commonly found in breast cancer cells. It is associated with high mortality rates, and therefore, investigating therapies to increase survival rates is crucial. Plant-derived compounds are being explored as potential adjuvants for common chemotherapy drugs, such as paclitaxel (Pac).

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Currently, there is limited histological data for spermatid morphologies within the testes of squamates. There are only 10 species of lizard that have complete ultrastructural data across the entire process of spermiogenesis, including several species of Sceloporus. These studies have shown that differences can be seen between spermatids of saurians within the same family or genus.

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Individual organisms can function as ecosystems inhabited by symbionts. Symbionts may interact with each other in ways that subsequently influence their hosts positively or negatively, although the details of how these interactions operate collectively are usually not well understood. Vane-dwelling feather mites are common ectosymbionts of birds and are proposed to confer benefits to hosts by consuming feather-degrading microbes.

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MecA in is a multi-functional protein.

mSphere

December 2024

Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Unlabelled: Our recent studies have shown that deficiency of MecA in significantly affects cell division, growth, and biofilm formation. In this study, an mixed-species model, proteomics, and affinity pull-down assays were used to further characterize the MecA-mediated regulation in . The results showed that compared with the wild type, UA159, the mutant significantly reduced its production of glucans and weakened its ability to facilitate mixed-species biofilm formation.

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Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) is a common experience among healthcare workers in the United States. Although WPV may affect workers physically, WPV can also affect workers' mental health. Emergency department (ED) workers' perceptions of available and necessary WPV support have not been previously reported.

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Drugs from drugs: New chemical insights into a mature concept.

Drug Discov Today

December 2024

Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Developing new drugs from marketed ones is a well-established and successful approach in drug discovery. We offer a unified view of this field, focusing on the new chemical aspects of the involved approaches: (a) chemical transformation of the original drugs (late-stage modifications, molecular editing), (b) prodrug strategies, and (c) repurposing as a tool to develop new hits/leads. Special focus is placed on the molecular structure of the drugs and their synthetic feasibility.

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Unilateral Variation of the Left Ascending Pharyngeal Artery: A Case Report.

Cureus

September 2024

Department of Surgery, Center for Anatomical Science and Education, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA.

During routine cadaveric dissection of a 77-year-old male, a series of unique arterial variations were observed within the left anterior cervical region. Firstly, the ascending pharyngeal artery (APA) was observed branching from the common carotid artery (CCA), between the internal (ICA) and external carotid (ECA) arteries. The APA continued superiorly without branching, as is typical for APA.

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Co-hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge and rice straw to improve hydrochar quality: Effects of mixing ratio and hydrothermal temperature.

Bioresour Technol

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

This study assessed the effects of mass mixing ratio and hydrothermal temperature on the co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of sewage sludge and rice straw regarding the yield, chemical composition, fuel properties, surface functional groups, and combustion behavior of the hydrochar. The co-HTC increased the hydrochar yield at 180 °C but decreased it at 220 and 260 °C. The co-HTC increased the hydrochar organic matter contents, higher heating values, fuel ratios, and combustion behavior (combustibility index) by 16 % to 63 %, 15 % to 85 %, 51 % to 321 %, and 30 % to 419 %, respectively.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the link between county-level air pollution, specifically PM2.5, and stroke mortality rates in U.S. residents aged 65 and older, focusing on how these effects differ based on race and socioeconomic status.
  • - An analysis of data from 2016-2020 shows a significant increase in ischemic stroke deaths correlating with higher PM2.5 levels, with the most severe impact observed in counties with predominantly Black populations and those facing persistent poverty.
  • - Findings highlight that counties with larger Black populations are more likely to exceed EPA air quality standards, experiencing greater increases in stroke mortality with rising air pollution levels compared to other demographic groups.
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Conspecific density dependence (CDD) in plant populations is widespread, most likely caused by local-scale biotic interactions, and has potentially important implications for biodiversity, community composition, and ecosystem processes. However, progress in this important area of ecology has been hindered by differing viewpoints on CDD across subfields in ecology, lack of synthesis across CDD-related frameworks, and misunderstandings about how empirical measurements of local CDD fit within the context of broader ecological theories on community assembly and diversity maintenance. Here, we propose a conceptual synthesis of local-scale CDD and its causes, including species-specific antagonistic and mutualistic interactions.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Predicting how genetic and environmental factors influence traits (phenotypes) is a critical challenge in biology, with potential benefits like improved health, food security, and environmental care.
  • - The Genomes to Fields (G2F) initiative hosted a competition in 2022 and 2023, inviting global participants from various disciplines to develop models using a comprehensive dataset gathered over nine years, including genetic and environmental data.
  • - Winning methods combined machine learning with traditional breeding techniques, showcasing a variety of approaches such as quantitative genetics and deep learning, indicating that no single strategy was universally superior in predicting phenotypes in this context.
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Article Synopsis
  • - PFDTES is a commonly used low-surface-energy coating that could help reduce dust during lunar landings, and its mechanical properties can be enhanced by adding graphene.
  • - Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to study the interfacial shear strength and friction between PFDTES and graphene, revealing that the interfacial force is approximately 3 nN for pristine graphene.
  • - The study found that while the sliding velocity of graphene has minimal effect on interfacial shear strength, increasing defect density significantly raises the shear force, showing that defects lead to fluctuations in force due to roughness and stretched bonds.
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Comparative neuroanatomical studies have long debated the role of development in the evolution of novel and disparate brain morphologies. Historically, these studies have emphasized whether evolutionary shifts along conserved or distinct developmental allometric trends cause changes in brain morphologies. However, the degree to which interspecific differences between variably sized taxa originate through modifying developmental allometry remains largely untested.

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This study aimed to investigate the diversity of conjugative and chromosomally integrated mobile genetic elements (cciMGEs) within six oral streptococci species. cciMGEs, including integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs), are stably maintained on the host cell chromosome; however, under certain conditions, they are able to excise, form extrachromosomal circles, and transfer via a conjugation apparatus. Many cciMGEs encode "cargo" functions that aid survival in new niches and evolve new antimicrobial resistance or virulence properties, whereas others have been shown to influence host bacterial physiology.

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Our objective was to evaluate the effect of vaccination with an inactivated virus vaccine (IVV) or modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine on the corpus luteum (CL). On d0, synchronized beef cows were treated with MLV (n = 70; BoviShield Gold FP5VL5), IVV (n = 16; ViraShield 6VL5HB), or were unvaccinated controls (n = 5). Plasma was collected from treated animals on d0 and every other day through d22.

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Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely utilized as an adjunct therapy, improving patient survival and quality of life. TCM categorizes HCC into five distinct syndromes, each treated with specific herbal formulae.

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