Short-Term Increased Physical Activity During Early Life Affects High-Fat Diet-Induced Bone Loss in Young Adult Mice.

Mechanical stresses associated with physical activity (PA) have beneficial effects on increasing BMD and improving bone quality. However, a high-fat diet (HFD) and obesity tend to have negative effects on bone, by increasing bone marrow adiposity leading to increased excretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which activate RANKL-induced bone resorption. In the current study, whether short-term increased PA via access to voluntary wheel running during early life has persistent and protective effects on HFD-induced bone resorption was investigated.

Nox4 Expression Is Not Required for OVX-Induced Osteoblast Senescence and Bone Loss in Mice.

Estrogen deficiency and aging play critical roles in the pathophysiology of bone as a result of increased oxidative stress. It has been suggested that prevention of NADPH oxidase- (Nox-) dependent accumulation of ROS may be an approach to potentially minimize bone loss caused by these conditions. Using ovariectomized (OVX) and Nox4 gene-deletion mouse models, we investigated the role of Nox4 in OVX-induced bone loss and osteoblast senescence signaling.

Developmental assessments during the first 5 years of life in infants fed breast milk, cow's milk formula, or soy formula.

Objective: To investigate the effects of infant feeding mode on childhood cognition and language as the differential effects of infant feeding on development remain understudied.

Methods: Breastfed [BF, 174], cow's milk-based formula-fed [MF, 169], or soy protein-based formula-fed [SF, 161] children were longitudinally tested from age 3 to 60 months for neurodevelopment. Data were analyzed using mixed models while adjusting for multiple covariates.

3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-Propionic Acid (PPA) Suppresses Osteoblastic Cell Senescence to Promote Bone Accretion in Mice.

Phenolic acids (PAs) are metabolites derived from polyphenolic compounds found in fruits and vegetables resulting from the actions of gut bacteria. Previously, we reported that the levels of seven individual PAs were found to be at least 10 times higher in the serum of rats fed a blueberry (BB)-containing diet compared to those fed a control diet. We have characterized the effects of one such BB-associated serum PA, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid (PPA), on senescence signaling and promotion of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteoblasts, while suppressing adipogenesis in the stem cells.