Lay knowledge and practices of methamphetamine use to manage opioid-related overdose risks.

Aim: Methamphetamine use has increased among individuals with opioid use disorder. The key aims of this study are to detail and contextualise lay knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours related to methamphetamine use in relation to opioid overdose risks in an area dominated by non-pharmaceutical fentanyl-type drugs (NPF).

Methods: The study recruited 41 individuals in Dayton, Ohio, who reported past 30-day use of methamphetamine and heroin/fentanyl.

Rethinking genetic counseling clinical skills training in the time of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on clinical training programs, including genetic counseling graduate programs. The University of Arizona Genetic Counseling Graduate Program responded to limited clinical training opportunities by designing a virtual Clinical Skills Workshop for incoming genetic counseling students. During the workshop, students were introduced to psychosocial and clinical genetics skills through virtual lectures, role-play, and practice sessions, as well as assignments.

Death by hand sanitizer: syndemic methanol poisoning in the age of COVID-19.

Background: The advent of COVID-19 increased attention to hand hygiene in prevention of disease transmission. To meet the increased demand for hand sanitizer during the pandemic, the US FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization allowing new manufacturers and importers to enter the market. Some of the newly introduced hand sanitizer products contained methanol in lieu of ethanol or isopropanol.

Use of Crotalidae equine immune F(ab') antivenom for treatment of an envenomation.

Introduction: Anavip (F(ab')AV) is a lyophilized F(ab') immunoglobulin fragment derived from horses immunized with venom from and . It was approved by the FDA in 2015 for treatment of North American rattlesnake envenomation but not for envenomation. Published data regarding the efficacy and safety of Anavip in treating envenomations is limited.

Scorpion Stings and Antivenom Use in Arizona.

Background: Arizona's rugged desert landscape harbors many venomous animals, including a small nocturnal scorpion, Centruroides sculpturatus, whose venom can cause severe neuromotor disturbance. An effective antivenom is available at selected health care facilities in the state.

Methods: We analyzed 4398 calls of scorpion stings to the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (APDIC) in Tucson over a period of 3 years, from January 2017 to December 2019.

A double-edged sword of using opioids and COVID-19: a toxicological view.

Today, COVID-19 is spreading around the world. Information about its mechanism, prognostic factors, and management is minimal. COVID-19, as a human disease, has several identifying phases.

Cardiovascular Effects of Medical Marijuana: A Systematic Review.

Utilization of marijuana as a medicinal agent is becoming increasingly popular, and so far, 25 states have legalized it for medical purposes. However, there is emerging evidence that marijuana use can result in cardiovascular side effects, such as rhythm abnormalities, syncope/dizziness, and myocardial infarction, among others. Further, there are currently no stringent national standards or approval processes, like Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluation, in place to assess medical marijuana products.

Fatal abrin poisoning by injection.

Abrin is a toxin of public health concern due to its lethality, lack of antidote, and potential for use as a bioterrorism agent. Possible routes of exposure include ingestion, inhalation, and injection. Onset of symptoms is often delayed, even in severe cases.

Comparison of Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, and Folic Acid Blood Levels in Plumbism Patients and Controls in Eastern Iran.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood levels of folic acid, vitamin B12, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in patients with lead poisoning compared with control subjects in Eastern Iran. This analytical case-control study was conducted on 40 lead-poisoned patients who were referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand from 2018 to 2019. Blood samples were collected from an additional 40 individuals without lead poisoning as a control group.

Study of Factors Contributing to Scorpion Envenomation in Arizona.

Introduction: Arizona has the highest incidence of scorpion envenomation reported to US poison control centers (PCCs). Most cases reported are from a residence, but specific details are limited.

Methods: Specialists at Arizona's two PCCs prospectively completed the Factors of Envenomation in Arizona Residences Survey (FEARS) for residential scorpion exposures reported during 4-week periods in the summer and winter.

Prophylactic Antibiotics Are Not Needed Following Rattlesnake Bites.

Background: Antibiotics are sometimes administered to victims of rattlesnake bites in the hope of preventing infections. Experts in the field recommend that prophylactic antibiotics not be used because secondary infections are rare. Current recommendations are based on a small number of studies conducted in the United States.

Incidence of allergic reactions to Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab.

Context: The administration of Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (FabAV) currently requires close observation, so patients can be monitored for hypersensitivity reactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions to FabAV.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from a statewide poison center database in the United States.

Arizona Ridge-nosed rattlesnake envenomation: Case report of a personal encounter with the official state reptile of Arizona, Crotalus willardi willardi.

This case report describes the effects of an envenomation from one of the most infrequently encountered species of rattlesnake in the United States, Crotalus willardi willardi (C. w. willardi), the Arizona Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake.

Mercury Poisoning in a Toddler from Home Contamination due to Skin-Lightening Cream.

A 17-month-old child presented with hypertension, fussiness, constipation, and arthralgia due to mercury toxicity from a skin-lightening cosmetic used by her mother and grandmother. Blood mercury level was 26 mcg/L and urine level was 243 mcg/g creatinine. She was chelated with succimer.

Rattling the border wall: Pathophysiological implications of functional and proteomic venom variation between Mexican and US subspecies of the desert rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus.

While some US populations of the Mohave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) are infamous for being potently neurotoxic, the Mexican subspecies C. s. salvini (Huamantlan rattlesnake) has been largely unstudied beyond crude lethality testing upon mice.

Kissing Bug (Triatoma spp.) Intrusion into Homes: Troublesome Bites and Domiciliation.

Kissing bugs (Triatoma spp.) frequently enter homes and bite human and pet occupants. Bites may lead to severe allergic reactions and, in some cases, death.

Differential physiological and behavioral cues observed in individuals smoking botanical marijuana versus synthetic cannabinoid drugs.

Context: Synthetic cannabinoid use has increased in many states, and medicinal and/or recreational marijuana use has been legalized in some states. These changes present challenges to law enforcement drug recognition experts (DREs) who determine whether drivers are impaired by synthetic cannabinoids or marijuana, as well as to clinical toxicologists who care for patients with complications from synthetic cannabinoids and marijuana. Our goal was to compare what effects synthetic cannabinoids and marijuana had on performance and behavior, including driving impairment, by reviewing records generated by law enforcement DREs who evaluated motorists arrested for impaired driving.

Readmissions related to antihypertensive medications used in chronic hemodialysis.

Background: In hemodialysis, hypertension is treated by removing excess fluid and antihypertensive therapy. Commonly, the antihypertensives used to treat hypertension in earlier stages of kidney disease are continued as the patient progresses into end-stage renal disease and begins dialysis, without much evidence for benefit.

Methods: This study is a single center, retrospective chart review that included hemodialysis patients admitted for congestive heart failure (CHF), fluid overload, or pulmonary edema as determined by ICD-9 code (428.

Venom variability and envenoming severity outcomes of the Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) from Southern Arizona.

Twenty-one Mojave rattlesnakes, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (C. s. scutulatus), were collected from Arizona and New Mexico U.

Toxicologic information resources for reptile envenomations.

The United States is the largest importer of reptiles in the world, with an estimated 1.5 to 2.0 million households keeping one or more reptiles.

Recurrence phenomena after immunoglobulin therapy for snake envenomations: Part 2. Guidelines for clinical management with crotaline Fab antivenom.

Recurrent local and coagulopathic effects (worsening after clinical improvement) have been described after treatment with Fab antivenom for envenomation by North American crotaline snakes. Although similar phenomena have been described previously in snakebite, few studies have examined recurrence or its management. Recurrence is consistent with known venom and antivenom kinetics and dynamics.