Update on the diagnosis and treatment of coronary complications of percutaneous coronary interventions.

Prevention, prompt diagnosis, and rapid treatment are crucial for improving outcomes of complications that occur during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The authors summarize studies on PCI complications published between January 1, 2023, and May 1, 2024, including coronary dissection, no reflow, perforation, and equipment loss/entrapment.

Impact of Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in Early Childhood (0-2 Years) on Lung Growth and Development and Lifelong Trajectories of Pulmonary Health: A National Institutes of Health (NIH) Workshop Summary.

Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are ubiquitous in early life. They are disproportionately severe in infants and toddlers (0-2 years), leading to more than 100,000 hospitalizations in the United States per year. The recent relative resilience to severe Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) observed in young children is surprising.

Obstetric Life Support Education for Maternal Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Management of maternal cardiac arrest (MCA) requires understanding the unique physiology of pregnancy and modifications to life support. Health care professionals have historically demonstrated inadequate knowledge and skills necessary to treat MCA.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Obstetric Life Support (OBLS) education on health care professionals' cognitive performance, skills, and self-efficacy in managing MCA.

Burden of Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular Mortality, and COVID-19: A Retrospective-Cohort Analysis of US Data.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, but limited data on its mortality trends in CVD over time. We assessed annual hyperlipidemia-related CVD mortality trends in the United States, including the COVID-19 pandemic's impact.

Methods And Results: Mortality data were obtained from CDC repository between 1999 and 2020 among patients ≥15 years old, using ICD-10 codes hyperlipidemia (E78.

Association of Male Sex With Worse Right Ventricular Function and Survival in Pulmonary Hypertension in the Redefining Pulmonary Hypertension Through Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics Cohort.

Background: Sex-based differences are important in the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, it is not established whether these differences are generalizable to all forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Research Question: What are the sex-based differences in right ventricle (RV) function and transplant-free survival in patients with PH from the Redefining Pulmonary Hypertension Through Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics (PVDOMICS) cohort?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with PH enrolled in the PVDOMICS cohort study underwent right heart catheterization, cardiac MRI, and echocardiography.

Changes in central venous-to-arterial PCO difference and central venous oxygen saturation as markers to define fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients: a pot-hoc analysis of a multi-center prospective study.

Background: The main aim of the study whether changes in central venous-to-arterial CO difference (ΔP(v-a)CO) and central venous oxygen saturation (ΔScvO) induced by volume expansion (VE) are reliable parameters to define fluid responsiveness (FR) in sedated and mechanically ventilated septic patients. We also sought to determine whether the degree of FR was related to baseline ScvO and P(v-a)CO levels.

Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective study.

Valuing the Societal Impact of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A User Guide to Current Best Practices.

This study argues that value assessment conducted from a societal perspective should rely on the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (GCEA) framework proposed herein. Recently developed value assessment inventories - such as the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness's "impact inventory" and International Society of Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research (ISPOR) "value flower" - aimed to more comprehensively capture the benefits and costs of new health technologies from a societal perspective. Nevertheless, application of broader value elements in practice has been limited in part because quantifying these elements can be complex, but also because there have been numerous methodological advances since these value inventories have been released (e.

Prospective observational study and mechanistic evidence showing lipolysis of circulating triglycerides worsens hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUNDWhile most hypertriglyceridemia is asymptomatic, hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) can be more severe than AP of other etiologies. The reasons underlying this are unclear. We thus examined whether lipolytic generation of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) from circulating triglycerides (TGs) could worsen clinical outcomes.

The Dallas Donation after Circulatory Death Transplantation Summit: expanding donation after circulatory death procedures through process improvement, broader utilization, and innovation.

Despite a significant increase in utilization over the past decade, the number of donation after circulatory death (DCD) organs that are procured and transplanted in the United States (US) remains well below its potential. There is still room for expansion, as utilizing DCD organs to the fullest extent is currently the most viable solution to the persistent mismatch between supply and demand in transplantation. We convened a multidisciplinary transplantation summit to examine various aspects of DCD, with faculty members from around the world with clinical and academic interest in DCD donation and transplantation, including abdominal and cardiothoracic surgeons, organ procurement organization directors, hepatologists, and gastroenterologists.

Precision Cut Lung Slices: Emerging Tools for Preclinical and Translational Lung Research. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

The urgent need for effective treatments for acute and chronic lung diseases underscores the significance of developing innovative preclinical human research tools. The 2023 ATS Workshop on Precision Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) brought together 35 experts to discuss and address the role of human tissue-derived PCLS as a unique tool for target and drug discovery and validation in pulmonary medicine. With increasing interest and usage, along with advancements in methods and technology, there is a growing need for consensus on PCLS methodology and readouts.

Nurse Burnout and Patient Safety, Satisfaction, and Quality of Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Occupational burnout syndrome is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment and is prevalent among nurses. Although previous meta-analyses have explored the correlates of nurse burnout, none have estimated their association with health care quality and safety and patient morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the magnitude and moderators of the association between nurse burnout and patient safety, patient satisfaction, and quality of care.

American Society for Microbiology evidence-based laboratory medicine practice guidelines to reduce blood culture contamination rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

SUMMARYBlood cultures (BCs) are one of the critical tests used to detect bloodstream infections. BC results are not 100% specific. Interpretation of BC results is often complicated by detecting microbial contamination rather than true infection.

Rural Roads to Cognitive Resilience (RRR): A prospective cohort study protocol.

Background: Ambient air pollution, detrimental built and social environments, social isolation (SI), low socioeconomic status (SES), and rural (versus urban) residence have been associated with cognitive decline and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Research is needed to investigate the influence of ambient air pollution and built and social environments on SI and cognitive decline among rural, disadvantaged, ethnic minority communities. To address this gap, this cohort study will recruit an ethnoracially diverse, rural Florida sample in geographic proximity to seasonal agricultural burning.

Karius testing in the identification of infective endocarditis presenting with acute ischaemic stroke.

Our case highlights an atypical presentation of endocarditis with acute ischaemic stroke in a male patient in his 60s. The patient had undergone a congenital bicuspid aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve and an ascending aortic root graft with a pacemaker. He experienced intermittent fevers, chills and malaise over 15 months leading up to his presentation.

Cerebral Embolic Protection by Geographic Region: A Post Hoc Analysis of the PROTECTED TAVR Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an established treatment option for many patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis; however, debris dislodged during the procedure can cause embolic stroke. The Sentinel cerebral embolic protection (CEP) device is approved for capture and removal of embolic material during TAVR but its efficacy has been debated.

Objective: To explore regional differences in the association of CEP utilization with stroke outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR.

Prenatal alcohol exposure and health at midlife: Self-reported health outcomes in two cohorts.

Background: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis (DOHaD) suggests prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) should have implications for adult physical and mental health. Since the health profile of older adults with PAE and diagnoses of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is unknown, the current study evaluates self-reported health problems of midlife adults with and without a history of PAE to describe these outcomes.

Methods: Participants (N = 357) recruited from longitudinal cohorts in Atlanta, GA and Seattle, WA completed a health survey assessing a range of physical conditions.

Inhaled Reliever Therapies for Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: The optimal inhaled reliever therapy for asthma remains unclear.

Objective: To compare short-acting β agonists (SABA) alone with SABA combined with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and with the fast-onset, long-acting β agonist formoterol combined with ICS for asthma.

Data Sources: The MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched from January 1, 2020, to September 27, 2024, without language restrictions.

Thrombogenic Risk Assessment of Transcatheter Prosthetic Heart Valves Using a Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach.

Background And Objective: Prosthetic heart valve interventions such as TAVR have surged over the past decade, but the associated complication of long-term, life-threatening thrombotic events continues to undermine patient outcomes. Thus, improving thrombogenic risk analysis of TAVR devices is crucial. In vitro studies for thrombogenicity are typically difficult to perform.

Kidney Replacement Therapies in Advanced Heart Failure: Timing, Modalities and Clinical Considerations.

Acute kidney dysfunction is commonly encountered in patients with advanced heart failure (HF), and it carries significant prognostic implications, often leading to poorer outcomes and increased mortality rates. It can alter the course of decision making for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and cardiac transplantation candidacy. Kidney replacement therapies (KRTs) offer a critical intervention in this context but require careful consideration of timing, various types of KRT modalities and individual patients' preferences and circumstances.

Clinical Implications of Pretest Probability of HFpEF on Outcomes in Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Patients with group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) and risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) demonstrate worse response to pulmonary vasodilator therapy. The mechanisms and optimal diagnostic approach to identify such patients remain unclear.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare exercise capacity, cardiac function, and hemodynamic responses to provocative maneuvers among patients with group 1 PH based upon pretest probability of HFpEF.