A Multisite, 6-Month, Open-Label Study of Maintenance Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adolescents with Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising intervention for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the durability of TMS-related improvement in adolescents is unclear. This 6-month study followed adolescents with TRD who had responded to TMS and provided TMS retreatment for adolescents with a partial relapse.

Challenges and Barriers to WIC Participation Vary by Participation Status and Language: Findings from focus groups in Missouri.

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is one of the largest federal food and nutrition program serving women and young children and has a low coverage rate of about 50 percent. There is no peer-reviewed article that compares maternal perceptions of challenges and barriers to WIC participation by language and participation status. We compare challenges and barriers faced by English-speaking mothers to those faced by Spanish-speaking mothers to enrollment and retention in WIC within each group: current participants (n=43), prior participants (dropouts; n=27), and eligible non-participants (n=18), using focus groups we conducted in Missouri in 2021-2023.

Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Timing and Outcome of Interarytenoid Injection Augmentation.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between social determinants of health and timeliness of management, adherence to follow-up, and outcomes of treatment with interarytenoid injection augmentation (IAIA).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients treated with IAIA at a large pediatric institution's multidisciplinary aerodigestive clinic between August 2022 and February 2024. Retrieved demographic factors, dates of referral, consultation, treatment, and follow-up, as well as objective measures of dysphagia and aspiration via videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) reports, using dysphagia outcome and severity scale (DOSS) scores and the greatest unsafe thickness, or 'aspiration score'.

Integrating rare pathogenic variant prioritization with gene-based association analysis to identify novel genes and relevant multimodal traits for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Increasing evidence has highlighted rare variants in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, insufficient sample sizes, especially in underrepresented ethnic groups, hinder their investigation. Additionally, their impact on endophenotypes remains largely unexplored.

Progress and Gaps in Respiratory Disease Research and Treatment: Highlights of the IRM 2024 in Shanghai.

Respiratory diseases pose a major public health challenge globally, necessitating collaborative efforts between basic researchers and clinicians for effective solutions. China, which is heavily impacted by a broad spectrum of respiratory disorders, has made notable strides in both research and clinical management of these diseases. The International Respiratory Medicine (IRM) meeting was organized with the primary goal of facilitating the exchange of recent research developments and promoting collaboration between Chinese and American scientists in both basic and clinical research fields.

Innovative Dual Combination Cospray-Dried Rock Inhibitor/l-Carnitine Inhalable Dry Powder Aerosols.

This study introduces novel cospray-dried (Co-SD) formulations of simvastatin, a Nrf2 activator ROCK inhibitor, with l-carnitine as molecular mixtures in various molar ratios for targeted pulmonary inhalation aerosol delivery in pulmonary hypertension, optimized for excipient-free dry powder inhalers (DPIs). The two components were spray-dried at various molar ratios by using different starting feed solution concentrations and process parameters. In addition to comprehensive physicochemical characterization, in vitro aerosol dispersion performance as DPIs using two FDA-approved DPI devices with different shear stress properties, in vitro viability as a function of dose on 2D human pulmonary cellular monolayers and on 3D small airway epithelia human primary cultures at the air-liquid interface (ALI), and in vitro transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) at the ALI were conducted.

The Mechanisms Underlying the Intergenerational Transmission of Substance Use and Misuse: An Integrated Research Approach.

Substance use and substance use disorders run in families. While it has long been recognized that the etiology of substance use behaviors and disorders involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors, two key questions remain largely unanswered: (1) the intergenerational transmission through which these genetic predispositions are passed from parents to children, and (2) the molecular mechanisms linking genetic variants to substance use behaviors and disorders. This article aims to provide a comprehensive conceptual framework and methodological approach for investigating the intergenerational transmission of substance use behaviors and disorders, by integrating genetic nurture analysis, gene expression imputation, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis.

Validation of administrative health data for the identification of endometriosis diagnosis.

Study Question: How do endometriosis diagnoses and subtypes reported in administrative health data compare with surgically confirmed disease?

Summary Answer: For endometriosis diagnosis, we observed substantial agreement and high sensitivity and specificity between administrative health data-International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 codes-and surgically confirmed diagnoses among participants who underwent gynecologic laparoscopy or laparotomy.

What Is Known Already: Several studies have assessed the validity of self-reported endometriosis in comparison to medical record reporting, finding strong confirmation. We previously reported high inter- and intra-surgeon agreement for endometriosis diagnosis in the Endometriosis, Natural History, Diagnosis, and Outcomes (ENDO) Study.

Sub-Chronic Peroneal Nerve Stimulation Lowers Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Acute electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve (cPNS) has been shown to cause an immediate reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneous hypertense rats (SHR), but the effect of this treatment in sub-chronic ambulatory SBP is unknown. Here we developed an implantable wireless WNClip neural stimulator to test the efficacy of 5-week cPNS as a treatment for hypertension. Daily cPNS 2 Hz monophasic stimulation at threshold for 8 minutes every day for five weeks, reduced SBP in WKY animals by -4 mm Hg, and in SHR animals by -21 mmHg in week 5 (p < 0.

knockdown in inhibiting the proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and migration of ovarian cancer cells.

Background: Ovarian cancer accounts for 3% of all malignancies in women and kills about 140,000 women worldwide each year, representing the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. At diagnosis, 70% of patients with ovarian cancer are already at stage III or IV disease, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 45%. Studies have found that solute carrier family 1 member 3 () is highly expressed in various cancers and is associated with the poor prognosis of these cancers.

Management of Persistent Hypernasality After Pharyngeal Flap by Revision Palatoplasty With Use of MRI to Aid Surgical Decision Making.

Objective: Describe surgical decision making and outcomes in a series of patients with persistent VPI after pharyngeal flap placement that were all treated with revision palatoplasty.

Design: Retrospective, case series.

Participants: Five patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate and persistent hypernasality following a pharyngeal flap.

The Association of Food Security With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A National Health Interview Survey Analysis.

Food security is one of the most researched social determinants of health (SDoH), however, there is a lack of literature on the impact of food security on cardiovascular disease in pregnancy. The primary objective was to examine the association between food security with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2019-2022 data from the National Health Interview Survey.

Indoxyl Sulfate and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review.

Indoxyl sulfate-a bacterially derived metabolite-has been identified as a toxin that is elevated in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As a neurotoxin, uremic toxin, nephrotoxin, cardiotoxin, osteotoxin, and myotoxin, indoxyl sulfate has been associated with several other conditions, including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, Parkinson's disease, cognitive disorders, and mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Indoxyl sulfate is derived from bacterial modification of host tryptophan, and elevated levels of indoxyl sulfate are associated with decreased levels of important neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

A US-Based Consensus on Diagnostic Overlap and Distinction for Pediatric Feeding Disorder and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

Objective: As diagnoses covering dysfunctional feeding and eating in pediatrics, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) contain inherent areas of overlap in their diagnostic criteria. Areas of overlap include criteria regarding nutritional consequences associated with feeding/eating dysfunction and shared emphasis on possible psychosocial impairment associated with restricted food intake. Complicating the differential diagnosis process is a lack of guidance regarding when the two conditions occur independently, co-qualify, and/or transition into the other.

Consensus Guideline for Care of Patients in the Prehospital and Aerospace Settings with Exposures to Hydrazine and Hydrazine Derivatives.

Objectives: Hydrazine (HZ) and Hydrazine Derivative (HZ-D) exposures pose health risks to people in industrial and aerospace settings. Several recent systematic reviews and case series have highlighted common clinical presentations and management strategies. Given the low frequency at which HZ and HZ-D exposures occur, a strong evidence base on which to develop an evidence-based guideline does not exist at this time.

Choice of Link Functions for Generalized Linear Mixed Models in Meta-Analyses of Proportions.

Two-step approaches for synthesizing proportions in a meta-analysis require first transforming the proportions to a scale where their distribution across studies can be approximated by a normal distribution. Commonly used transformations include the log, logit, arcsine, and Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformations. Alternatively, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) can be fit directly on the data using the exact binomial likelihood.

Evaluation of a Digital Home Weight Monitoring Program for Infants With Cleft Palate.

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a digital home monitoring program for infants with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L), compared to monitoring through in-person clinic visits.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: One metropolitan pediatric hospital.

The impact of internet resources and artificial intelligence on information on myringotomy tubes.

Purpose: To compare the quality and readability of patient education materials on myringotomy tubes from artificial intelligence and Google search.

Methods: Three questions were posed to ChatGPT and Google Gemini addressing "Condition," "Investigation," and "Treatment" domains. Google was queried for "Ear tubes," "Myringotomy and tubes," and "Tympanostomy tubes.

Seasonal Trends and Emergency Admissions for Obstetric Hemorrhage and Trauma among Pregnant Women in Iran.

Objective: Globally, obstetric hemorrhage and trauma are the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. Delivering high-quality medical care to these patients is therefore imperative.This study aims to examine the relationship between month of referral and the severity of emergency admissions among pregnant women referred for obstetric hemorrhage and trauma.

Outcomes Following Fecal Diversion for Intractable Hirschsprung Associated Enterocolitis: A Study From the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium.

Background: Hirschsprung associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a challenging problem in a subset of children with Hirschsprung disease (HD). In refractory cases, fecal diversion may be required. The aim of this study was to characterize patients who require fecal diversion for HAEC management and examine their long-term outcomes.

Irx3/5 Null Deletion in Mice Blocks Cochlea-Saccule Segregation and Disrupts the Auditory Tonotopic Map.

A gene cadre orchestrates the normal development of sensory and non-sensory cells in the inner ear, segregating the cochlea with a distinct tonotopic sound frequency map, similar brain projection, and five vestibular end-organs. However, the role of genes driving the ear development is largely unknown. Here, we show double deletion of the Iroquois homeobox 3 and 5 transcription factors (Irx3/5 DKO) leads to the fusion of the saccule and the cochlear base.