Impact of age-related changes in buccal epithelial cells on pediatric epigenetic biomarker research.

Cheek swabs, heterogeneous samples consisting primarily of buccal epithelial cells, are widely used in pediatric DNA methylation studies and biomarker creation. However, the decrease in buccal proportion with age in adults remains unexamined in childhood. We analyzed cheek swabs from 4626 typically developing children 2-months to 20-years-old.

Blarcamesine for the treatment of Early Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the ANAVEX2-73-AD-004 Phase IIB/III trial.

Background: There are no approved oral disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of blarcamesine (ANAVEX®2-73), an orally available small-molecule activator of the sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1) in early AD through restoration of cellular homeostasis including autophagy enhancement.

Design: ANAVEX2-73-AD-004 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 48-week Phase IIb/III trial.

Use of period- or fertility-tracking technologies pre- and post-Dobbs.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether use of period- or fertility-tracking technologies decreased from pre- to post-Dobbs, and to identify user characteristics and changes in reasons for use.

Study Design: We used data from the Surveys of Women, population-based surveys on reproductive health among self-identified women aged 18-44 years, conducted in five states. We compared prevalence of use of period- or fertility-tracking technologies and reasons for use pre-Dobbs (2018-2019 in Iowa and Ohio; 2019-2020 in Arizona, New Jersey, and Wisconsin) and post-Dobbs (2022-2023 in all five states), overall and stratified by state.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intrahepatic signature related to pathobiology of duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) infection.

DHAV-3 is one of the main causative agents of duck viral hepatitis (DVH), an acute and highly lethal infectious disease in duck industry. However, the understanding of the pathogenesis of this virus in ducklings is limited. To dissect the molecular characteristics associated with pathobiology of ducklings to DHAV-3, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing approach to profile the transcriptome of 1.

Imaging appearances of perinephric myxoid pseudotumor of fat (PMPF).

Aim: This study aimed to identify the imaging feature of perinephric myxoid pseudotumor of fat (PMPF) in a large cohort.

Materials And Methods: Institutional radiology and pathology databases were queried for PMPF for the period from January 2010 to December 2023. Of the 22 identified individuals, two were excluded due to nonavailability of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images and five due to lack of pathological confirmation.

Characterization, phylogeny and prevalence of the coding-complete genomes of aviadenoviruses and siadenovirus in young racing pigeons.

Adenoviruses are a concern for pigeon breeders due to their impact on animal health. Furthermore, they have been studied for nearly five decades and are one of the most studied viruses in pigeons. However, the number of complete genomic sequences of pigeon-infecting adenoviruses available is very low, and the pathogenic effect of these viruses on pigeons is still yet to be thoroughly explored.

Static Zygomatic Guides: Digital ZAGA Concept.

Guided zygomatic implant placement surgery has emerged as a promising solution for patients with severe maxillary bone loss, offering precise implant placement and predictable outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art techniques, advantages, challenges, and future directions in guided zygomatic implant surgery.

Efficacy, safety, and target engagement of dazukibart, an IFNβ specific monoclonal antibody, in adults with dermatomyositis: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: Dermatomyositis is a chronic autoimmune disease with distinctive cutaneous eruptions and muscle weakness, and the pathophysiology is characterised by type I interferon (IFN) dysregulation. This study aims to assess the efficacy, safety, and target engagement of dazukibart, a potent, selective, humanised IgG1 neutralising monoclonal antibody directed against IFNβ, in adults with moderate-to-severe dermatomyositis.

Methods: This multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial was conducted at 25 university-based hospitals and outpatient sites in Germany, Hungary, Poland, Spain, and the USA.

Accuracy of Survey-Based Assessment of Eligibility for Medication Abortion Compared to Clinician Assessment.

Background: With increasingly restricted access to facility-based abortion in the United States, pregnant people are increasingly relying on models of care that utilize history-based or no-test approaches to eligibility assessment. Minimal research has examined the accuracy of abortion patients' self-assessment of eligibility for medication abortion using their health history, a necessary step towards ensuring optimal access to history-based or no-test models, as well as potential over-the-counter access.

Objective: To examine the accuracy of pregnant people's eligibility for medication abortion determined using their self-reported health history as compared to clinician assessment with ultrasound and other tests.

A novel viral infection in a Captive Colony of pelagic red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes) from California.

Captive, pelagic red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes) had shortened lifespans and cutaneous black spots. Histologically, epidermal and mesenchymal cells had 3-5 µm diameter intranuclear inclusions, necrosis, vacuolation, and/or hyperplasia. The remaining organs were histologically unremarkable.

The Dermatologic Oral Examination: Navigating the Oral Dermatoses Map.

Traditionally, dermatological education emphasizes hair, skin and nails in its curriculum. There is a practice gap with regard to knowledge of normal oral mucosa variants, performance of the oral examination, and competence in diagnosing and treating oral mucosal disorders. The oral mucosa falls within the purview of dermatology.

A spatiotemporal and machine-learning platform facilitates the manufacturing of hPSC-derived esophageal mucosa.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived tissue engineering offers great promise for designer cell-based personalized therapeutics, but harnessing such potential requires a deeper understanding of tissue-level interactions. We previously developed a cell replacement manufacturing method for ectoderm-derived skin epithelium. However, it remains challenging to manufacture the endoderm-derived esophageal epithelium despite possessing a similar stratified epithelial structure.

DNA-binding affinity and specificity determine the phenotypic diversity in BCL11B-related disorders.

BCL11B is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain-containing, DNA-binding, transcription factor with established roles in the development of various organs and tissues, primarily the immune and nervous systems. BCL11B germline variants have been associated with a variety of developmental syndromes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations along with pathophysiologic mechanisms of selected variants mostly remain elusive.

Current Burden of Lean Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among US Adults, 2017-2023.

Our study investigated the prevalence of lean steatotic liver disease (SLD) and its subcategories, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-related and alcohol-related SLD (MetALD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) among lean adults in the US. Analysing data from 2965 lean adults (≥ 18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2023), we found the age-adjusted prevalence of lean SLD to be 12.8%.

Novel Computational and Artificial Intelligence Models in Cancer Research.

The ICIBM 2023 marked the 11th annual conference of its kind, with the ICIBM recently becoming the official conference of the International Association for Intelligent Biology and Medicine (IAIBM), showcasing cutting-edge advancements at the intersection of computation and biomedical research [...

Emerging Biomarkers and Determinants of Lipoprotein Profiles to Predict CVD Risk: Implications for Precision Nutrition.

Biomarkers constitute a valuable tool to diagnose both the incidence and the prevalence of chronic diseases and may help to inform the design and effectiveness of precision nutrition interventions. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the foremost cause of death all over the world. While the reasons that lead to increased risk for CVD are multifactorial, dyslipidemias, plasma concentrations of specific lipoproteins, and dynamic measures of lipoprotein function are strong biomarkers to predict and document coronary heart disease incidence.

Design, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Computational Modeling Studies of a Series of α-Helix Biased, Ultra-Short Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.

A systematic structure-activity and computational modeling analysis of a series of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists based upon an ultra-short GLP-1 peptide, H-His-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Bip-Bip-NH2, was conducted. This highly potent 11-mer peptide led to a deeper understanding of the α-helical bias of strategic α-methylation within the linear parent template as well as optimization of GLP-1R agonist potency by 1000-fold. These data were correlated with previously reported co-structures of both full-length GLP-1 analogs and progenitor N-terminal GLP-1 fragment analogs related to such ultra-short GLP-1R agonist peptides.

Physical activity and the outcome of cognitive trajectory: a machine learning approach.

Background: Physical activity (PA) may have an impact on cognitive function. Machine learning (ML) techniques are increasingly used in dementia research, e.g.

Governance of Indigenous data in open earth systems science.

In the age of big data and open science, what processes are needed to follow open science protocols while upholding Indigenous Peoples' rights? The Earth Data Relations Working Group (EDRWG), convened to address this question and envision a research landscape that acknowledges the legacy of extractive practices and embraces new norms across Earth science institutions and open science research. Using the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) as an example, the EDRWG recommends actions, applicable across all phases of the data lifecycle, that recognize the sovereign rights of Indigenous Peoples and support better research across all Earth Sciences.