Friction knot terminology is inconsistent in veterinary surgery.

The objective of this study was to determine the nomenclature for friction knots commonly used by veterinary surgeons. Veterinary surgeons certified by the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) or the European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS) were recruited through email listings available on the websites of veterinary schools and the ACVS to participate in a survey on this subject. Participation was also solicited through the ACVS Facebook page, the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery, and the Veterinary Orthopedic Society.

Backscattering Mueller matrix polarimetry estimates microscale anisotropy and orientation in complex brain tissue structure.

Purpose: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) quantitatively estimates brain microstructure, diffusion tractography being one clinically utilized framework. To advance such dMRI approaches, direct quantitative comparisons between microscale anisotropy and orientation are imperative. Complete backscattering Mueller matrix polarized light imaging (PLI) enables the imaging of thin and thick tissue specimens to acquire numerous optical metrics not possible through conventional transmission PLI methods.

Light-Driven Nanonetwork Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles via 3D Printing for Optical Sensors.

Additive manufacturing known as 3D printing has transformed the material landscape, with intricate structures and rapid prototyping for modern production. While nanoscale 3D printing has made significant progress, a critical challenge remains in the rapid, high-throughput tailoring of complex nanostructures. Here, we present a 3D printing-facilitated, light-driven assembly technology for rapid surface patterning consisting of complex particle nanonetworks with balanced fabrication resolution and processing scalability.

A domed window chamber for multi-modality optical imaging.

Current dorsal skin flap window chambers with flat glass windows are compatible with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging. However, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) performs best with a cylindrical or spherical sample located between its two 90° objectives and when all sample materials have the same index of refraction (). A modified window chamber with a domed viewing window made from fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), with n similar to water and tissue, was designed.

Historical myths define group boundaries: A mathematical sketch and evidence from Ukraine.

The authors' proposal for the evolutionary origins of historical myths does not hold up to scrutiny, as illustrated by a simple mathematical model. Group-level explanations, such as defining the conditions for in-group membership, are dismissed by the authors but are far more plausible, as illustrated by the ongoing war in Ukraine.

Historical myths are believed because audiences are socially motivated.

Do people believe in historical myths because they are manipulated by coalitional recruiters, or because it is in their interests to do so? The target article gives somewhat conflicting explanations. We propose that the audiences of historical myths are socially rather than epistemically motivated - they believe and propagate historical myths as a way of signaling their coalitional commitments.

A terror management theory perspective on the appeal of historical myths.

Historical myths are appealing primarily because they provide people with views of life and their role in it as significant and enduring. These worldviews help people manage death anxiety by enabling them to view themselves as part of something great that stretches far into the past and endures indefinitely into the future. We review empirical evidence supporting this analysis.

Percutaneous photoacoustic debulking of infra-inguinal atherosclerotic disease- early European experience with a novel, solid-state, pulsed -wave, ultraviolet 355 nm laser.

The broad spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by peripheral arterial disease [PAD] and the morphologic heterogeneity of associated atherosclerotic lesions present a considerable management challenge. Endovascular interventions are recognized an effective treatment for PAD. Within this revascularization strategy the role of atherectomy debulking modalities continue to evolve.

Engraft: A Collaborative Learning Health Network for Enhanced Transplant and Cellular Therapy Outcomes.

The Engraft Learning Health Network (LHN) aims to improve outcomes for patients undergoing transplant and cellular therapy (TCT) through a collaborative, data-driven approach. Engraft brings together diverse stakeholders, including clinicians, patients, caregivers, and institutions, to standardize best practices and accelerate the dissemination of innovations in TCT care. By establishing a multicenter, real-world clinical registry focused on rapid-cycle quality improvement (QI) and implementation research, Engraft seeks to reduce variability in clinical practice to improve TCT outcomes across centers.

Utility of color Doppler imaging in patients with retinoblastoma treated by intra-arterial chemotherapy.

Background: There are no clinical parameters that predict response to intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC), which is a first-line treatment for primary and recurrent unilateral retinoblastoma. We evaluated the utility of ophthalmic ultrasound with color Doppler imaging to predict retinoblastoma response to IAC treatment.

Methods: The medical records of 14 retinoblastoma patients (20 eyes) treated with IAC were reviewed retrospectively.

Avian circoviruses and hepadnaviruses identified in tissue samples of various waterfowl.

North America is home to over 40 species of migratory waterfowl. Utilizing tissue and cloacal-swab sampling from hunter-harvested carcasses in 2021-2023, we identified circular DNA viruses associated with 116 waterfowl samples from nine species (American wigeons, Mexican ducks, northern shovelers, northern pintails, canvasbacks, mallards, American black ducks, gadwalls, and green-winged teals). We determined the genome sequences of viruses in the families Circoviridae (n = 18) and Hepadnaviridae (n = 2) from the 13 virus-infected birds.

Exoskeleton gait training on real-world terrain improves spatiotemporal performance in cerebral palsy.

Introduction: Walking is essential for daily life but poses a significant challenge for many individuals with neurological conditions like cerebral palsy (CP), which is the leading cause of childhood walking disability. Although lower-limb exoskeletons show promise in improving walking ability in laboratory and controlled overground settings, it remains unknown whether these benefits translate to real-world environments, where they could have the greatest impact.

Methods: This feasibility study evaluated whether an untethered ankle exoskeleton with an adaptable controller can improve spatiotemporal outcomes in eight individuals with CP after low-frequency exoskeleton-assisted gait training on real-world terrain.

Comparative analysis of thermoregulation models to assess heat strain in moderate to extreme heat.

As global temperatures rise due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves are increasing, posing significant threats to human health, productivity, and well-being. Thermoregulation models are important tools for quantifying the risk of extreme heat, providing insights into physiological strain indicators such as core and skin temperatures, sweat rates, and thermal comfort levels. This study evaluated four thermoregulation models of varying complexity, differentiated by the geometry and underlying thermoregulatory mechanisms.

Comprehensive characterization of MCL-1 in patients with colorectal cancer: Expression, molecular profiles, and outcomes.

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) is a member of the B-cell lymphoma 2 protein family and has anti-apoptotic functions. Deregulation of MCL-1 has been reported in several cancers, including lung and breast cancer. In the present study, the association of MCL-1 expression with molecular features in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been highlighted.

Risk reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection conferred by humoral antibody levels among essential workers during Omicron predominance.

The extent to which semi-quantitative antibody levels confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations with heterogenous immune histories is unclear. Two nested case-control studies were designed within the multisite HEROES/RECOVER prospective cohort of frontline workers to study the relationship between antibody levels and protection against first-time post-vaccination infection and reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 from December 2021 to January 2023. All participants submitted weekly nasal swabs for rRT-PCR testing and blood samples quarterly and following infection or vaccination.

A method for screening functional anti-Treg antibodies using a Treg-like cell line.

Regulatory T cells can suppress activated T cell proliferation by direct cell-contact, although the exact mechanism is poorly understood. Identification of a Treg-specific cell surface molecule that mediates suppression would offer a unique target for cancer immunotherapy to inhibit Treg immunosuppressive function or deplete Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we explored a method of whole cell immunization using a Treg-like cell line (MoT cells) to generate and screen monoclonal antibodies that bound cell surface proteins in their native conformations and functionally reversed Treg-mediated suppression.

Healthy core: Harmonizing brain MRI for supporting multicenter migraine classification studies.

Multicenter and multi-scanner imaging studies may be necessary to ensure sufficiently large sample sizes for developing accurate predictive models. However, multicenter studies, incorporating varying research participant characteristics, MRI scanners, and imaging acquisition protocols, may introduce confounding factors, potentially hindering the creation of generalizable machine learning models. Models developed using one dataset may not readily apply to another, emphasizing the importance of classification model generalizability in multi-scanner and multicenter studies for producing reproducible results.

Biliary complications of surgical procedures: what the radiologist needs to know.

Post-surgical biliary complications increase morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Early detection and management of biliary complications is thus of great clinical importance. Even though the overall risk for biliary complications is low after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, post-cholecystectomy biliary complications are frequently encountered in clinical practice as laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in the United States.

SOCS domain targets ECM assembly in lung fibroblasts and experimental lung fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease defined by a progressive decline in lung function due to scarring and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The SOCS (Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling) domain is a 40 amino acid conserved domain known to form a functional ubiquitin ligase complex targeting the Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein for proteasomal degradation. Here we show that the SOCS conserved domain operates as a molecular tool, to disrupt collagen and fibronectin fibrils in the ECM associated with fibrotic lung myofibroblasts.