Validating Rules for Defining No Improvement of Visual Acuity in Childhood Amblyopia.

Purpose: When treating amblyopia, it is important to define when visual acuity (VA) is no longer improving (i.e., stable) because treatment decisions may be altered based on this determination.

Structurally-oriented classification of FOXA1 alterations identifies prostate cancers with opposing clinical outcomes and distinct molecular and immunologic subtypes.

Purpose: 10-15% of prostate cancers (PCa) harbor recurrent FOXA1 aberrations whereby the alteration type and the effect on the forkhead( FKH) domain impacts protein-function. We developed a FOXA1 classification system to inform clinical management.

Experimental Design: 5,014 PCa were examined using whole exome and transcriptome sequencing from the Caris database.

Continuing Medical Education Questions: January 2025.

Article Title: ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

A scoping review of healthcare effectiveness data and information set (HEDIS) substance use disorder measures.

Introduction: : There is a need to assess the delivery of interventions to improve substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, as measured by the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS®) metrics. The goal was to characterize published articles reporting HEDIS® SUD measures and recommend future work on applying and investigating SUD HEDIS® metrics and their effect on SUD treatments.

Materials And Methods: The PRISMA-ScR scoping review protocol was used to find published work and investigate the most common reported baseline characteristics, HEDIS® metric outcomes, and knowledge gaps.

A single-cell compendium of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies disease-associated immune cell populations.

Single-cell transcriptomics applied to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for elucidating the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases has produced only a preliminary characterization of CSF immune cells. CSF derives from and borders central nervous system (CNS) tissue, allowing for comprehensive accounting of cell types along with their relative abundance and immunologic profiles relevant to CNS diseases. Using integration techniques applied to publicly available datasets in combination with our own studies, we generated a compendium with 139 subjects encompassing 135 CSF and 58 blood samples.

Single-cell spatial proteomics.

Recent advancements in single-cell spatial proteomics have revolutionized our ability to elucidate cellular signaling networks and their implications in health and disease. This review examines these cutting-edge technologies, focusing on mass spectrometry (MS) imaging and multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF). Such approaches allow high-resolution protein profiling at the single-cell level, revealing intricate cellular heterogeneity, spatial organization, and protein functions within their native cellular contexts.

Standardization and consensus in the development and application of bone organoids.

Organoids, self-organized structures derived from stem cells cultured in a specific three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, have emerged as innovative platforms that closely mimic cellular behavior, tissue architecture, and organ function. Bone organoids, a frontier in organoid research, can replicate the complex structures and functional characteristics of bone tissue. Recent advancements have led to the successful development of bone organoids, including models of callus, woven bone, cartilage, trabecular bone, and bone marrow.

Melanoma toolkit for early detection for primary care clinicians: a 1-year follow-up on outcomes.

Introduction: Primary care providers or clinicians (PCPs) have the potential to assist dermatologists in screening patients at risk for skin cancer, but require training to appropriately identify higher-risk patients, perform skin checks, recognize and biopsy concerning lesions, interpret pathology results, document the exam, and bill for the service. Very few validated dermatology training programs exist for PCPs and those that are available focus primarily on one emphasis area, which results in variable efficacy and single-topic limited scope.

Methods: We have created a free, online, continuing education program (Melanoma Toolkit for Early Detection, MTED) that allows learners to choose from a variety of multimedia tools (image recognition, videos, written material, in-person seminars, self-tests, etc.

Modifying reaction time tasks parameters in the automated IntelliCage identifies heightened impulsivity and impaired attention in the 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The 3xTg-AD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important tool to investigate the relationship between development of pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments. Traditional behavioral tasks assessing aspects of learning and memory, such as mazes requiring spatial navigation, unfortunately suffer from several shortcomings, including the stress of human handling and not probing species-typical behavior. The automated IntelliCage system was developed to circumvent such issues by testing mice in a social environment while measuring multiple aspects of cognition.

Friction knot terminology is inconsistent in veterinary surgery.

The objective of this study was to determine the nomenclature for friction knots commonly used by veterinary surgeons. Veterinary surgeons certified by the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) or the European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS) were recruited through email listings available on the websites of veterinary schools and the ACVS to participate in a survey on this subject. Participation was also solicited through the ACVS Facebook page, the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery, and the Veterinary Orthopedic Society.

Backscattering Mueller matrix polarimetry estimates microscale anisotropy and orientation in complex brain tissue structure.

Purpose: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) quantitatively estimates brain microstructure, diffusion tractography being one clinically utilized framework. To advance such dMRI approaches, direct quantitative comparisons between microscale anisotropy and orientation are imperative. Complete backscattering Mueller matrix polarized light imaging (PLI) enables the imaging of thin and thick tissue specimens to acquire numerous optical metrics not possible through conventional transmission PLI methods.

Light-Driven Nanonetwork Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles via 3D Printing for Optical Sensors.

Additive manufacturing known as 3D printing has transformed the material landscape, with intricate structures and rapid prototyping for modern production. While nanoscale 3D printing has made significant progress, a critical challenge remains in the rapid, high-throughput tailoring of complex nanostructures. Here, we present a 3D printing-facilitated, light-driven assembly technology for rapid surface patterning consisting of complex particle nanonetworks with balanced fabrication resolution and processing scalability.

A domed window chamber for multi-modality optical imaging.

Current dorsal skin flap window chambers with flat glass windows are compatible with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging. However, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) performs best with a cylindrical or spherical sample located between its two 90° objectives and when all sample materials have the same index of refraction (). A modified window chamber with a domed viewing window made from fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), with n similar to water and tissue, was designed.

Historical myths define group boundaries: A mathematical sketch and evidence from Ukraine.

The authors' proposal for the evolutionary origins of historical myths does not hold up to scrutiny, as illustrated by a simple mathematical model. Group-level explanations, such as defining the conditions for in-group membership, are dismissed by the authors but are far more plausible, as illustrated by the ongoing war in Ukraine.

Historical myths are believed because audiences are socially motivated.

Do people believe in historical myths because they are manipulated by coalitional recruiters, or because it is in their interests to do so? The target article gives somewhat conflicting explanations. We propose that the audiences of historical myths are socially rather than epistemically motivated - they believe and propagate historical myths as a way of signaling their coalitional commitments.

A terror management theory perspective on the appeal of historical myths.

Historical myths are appealing primarily because they provide people with views of life and their role in it as significant and enduring. These worldviews help people manage death anxiety by enabling them to view themselves as part of something great that stretches far into the past and endures indefinitely into the future. We review empirical evidence supporting this analysis.

Streamlining Global Germplasm Exchange: Integrating Scientific Rigor and Common Sense to Exclude Phantom Agents from Regulation.

This collaborative work by over 180 researchers from 40+ countries addresses the challenges posed by "phantom agents"-putative pathogenic agents named in literature without supporting data on their existence. Those agents remain on regulatory lists, creating barriers in trade and plant certification. Historically identified based solely on symptoms, these agents lack isolates or sequence data, making reliable detection or risk assessment impossible.

Percutaneous photoacoustic debulking of infra-inguinal atherosclerotic disease- early European experience with a novel, solid-state, pulsed -wave, ultraviolet 355 nm laser.

The broad spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by peripheral arterial disease [PAD] and the morphologic heterogeneity of associated atherosclerotic lesions present a considerable management challenge. Endovascular interventions are recognized an effective treatment for PAD. Within this revascularization strategy the role of atherectomy debulking modalities continue to evolve.

Engraft: A Collaborative Learning Health Network for Enhanced Transplant and Cellular Therapy Outcomes.

The Engraft Learning Health Network (LHN) aims to improve outcomes for patients undergoing transplant and cellular therapy (TCT) through a collaborative, data-driven approach. Engraft brings together diverse stakeholders, including clinicians, patients, caregivers, and institutions, to standardize best practices and accelerate the dissemination of innovations in TCT care. By establishing a multicenter, real-world clinical registry focused on rapid-cycle quality improvement (QI) and implementation research, Engraft seeks to reduce variability in clinical practice to improve TCT outcomes across centers.

Utility of color Doppler imaging in patients with retinoblastoma treated by intra-arterial chemotherapy.

Background: There are no clinical parameters that predict response to intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC), which is a first-line treatment for primary and recurrent unilateral retinoblastoma. We evaluated the utility of ophthalmic ultrasound with color Doppler imaging to predict retinoblastoma response to IAC treatment.

Methods: The medical records of 14 retinoblastoma patients (20 eyes) treated with IAC were reviewed retrospectively.

Avian circoviruses and hepadnaviruses identified in tissue samples of various waterfowl.

North America is home to over 40 species of migratory waterfowl. Utilizing tissue and cloacal-swab sampling from hunter-harvested carcasses in 2021-2023, we identified circular DNA viruses associated with 116 waterfowl samples from nine species (American wigeons, Mexican ducks, northern shovelers, northern pintails, canvasbacks, mallards, American black ducks, gadwalls, and green-winged teals). We determined the genome sequences of viruses in the families Circoviridae (n = 18) and Hepadnaviridae (n = 2) from the 13 virus-infected birds.

Resting-state fMRI seizure onset localization meta-analysis: comparing rs-fMRI to other modalities including surgical outcomes.

Objective: Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) may localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ) for epilepsy surgery, when compared to intracranial EEG and surgical outcomes, per a prior meta-analysis. Our goals were to further characterize this agreement, by broadening the queried rs-fMRI analysis subtypes, comparative modalities, and same-modality comparisons, hypothesizing SOZ-signal strength may overcome this heterogeneity.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar between April 2010 and April 2020 via PRISMA guidelines for SOZ-to-established-modalities were screened.