Adaptive Responses of Cyanobacteria to Phosphate Limitation: A Focus on Marine Diazotrophs.

Phosphorus is an essential component of numerous macromolecules and is vital for life. Its availability significantly influences primary production, particularly in oligotrophic environments. Marine diazotrophic cyanobacteria, which play key roles in biogeochemical cycles through nitrogen fixation (N fixation), have adapted to thrive in phosphate (P)-poor areas.

Pilot Feasibility Study of Physical Activity to Manage Bowel Dysfunction in Survivors of Rectal Cancer.

Background: Low anterior resection syndrome can disrupt health-related quality of life for survivors of rectal cancer.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, satisfaction with, and benefit of a pilot telehealth physical activity counseling intervention for survivors of rectal cancer with low anterior resection syndrome.

Design: Single site, single arm prospective pre-post pilot feasibility intervention.

The shortcomings of the Medina compared to the Movahed coronary bifurcation classification.

The Medina classification separates true bifurcation lesions into three unnecessary groups: 1.1.1, 1.

The Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guideline for the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling, and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): Executive summary of recommendations for specialty care.

US clinical practice guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation of cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or a related dementia (ADRD) are two decades old. This evidence-based guideline was developed to empower all clinicians to implement a structured approach for evaluating a patient with symptoms that may represent clinical AD/ADRD. An expert workgroup conducted a review of 7374 publications (133 met inclusion criteria) and developed recommendations as steps in an evaluation process.

Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guideline for the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling, and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): Executive summary of recommendations for primary care.

US clinical practice guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation of cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or AD and related dementias (ADRD) are decades old and aimed at specialists. This evidence-based guideline was developed to empower all-including primary care-clinicians to implement a structured approach for evaluating a patient with symptoms that may represent clinical AD/ADRD. Through a modified-Delphi approach and guideline-development process (7374 publications were reviewed; 133 met inclusion criteria) an expert workgroup developed recommendations as steps in a patient-centered evaluation process.

The Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guideline for the diagnostic evaluation, testing, counseling, and disclosure of suspected Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): Validated clinical assessment instruments.

US clinical practice guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation of cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or AD and related dementias (ADRD) are decades old and aimed at specialists. This evidence-based guideline was developed to empower all-including primary care-clinicians to implement a structured approach for evaluating a patient with symptoms that may represent clinical AD/ADRD. As part of the modified Delphi approach and guideline development process (7374 publications were reviewed; 133 met inclusion criteria) an expert workgroup developed recommendations as steps in a patient-centered evaluation process.

Integrating rare pathogenic variant prioritization with gene-based association analysis to identify novel genes and relevant multimodal traits for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Increasing evidence has highlighted rare variants in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, insufficient sample sizes, especially in underrepresented ethnic groups, hinder their investigation. Additionally, their impact on endophenotypes remains largely unexplored.

Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.

Placebo and the law of identification.

Thousands of essays and studies have been published on placebo and nocebo. Yet, despite this plethora of information, we are not much closer to a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental mechanism producing placebo and nocebo effects than we were in 1946, when participants in the Cornell Conferences on Therapy speculated on the roles of authority, belief and expectancy. In this paper, we examine the weaknesses in current placebo and nocebo definitions and theories.

Structural Stigma, Racism, and Sexism Studies on Substance Use and Mental Health: A Review of Measures and Designs.

Purpose: Most research on the structural determinants of substance use and mental health has centered around widely studied factors such as alcohol taxes, tobacco control policies, essential/precursor chemical regulations, neighborhood/city characteristics, and immigration policies. Other structural determinants exist, however, many of which are being identified in the emerging fields of structural stigma, structural racism, and structural sexism. This narrative review surveys the measures and designs used in substance use and mental health studies from these three fields.

Middle school teachers' implementation and perceptions of automated writing evaluation.

Despite research supporting the efficacy of Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) in improving writing outcomes, inconsistent implementation by teachers raises concerns about the efficacy of these systems in practice. However, little is known about what factors influence teachers' implementation and perceptions of AWE. This study examined the relationship between teachers' implementation and perceptions of the MI Write AWE system, seeking to identify actionable factors that could enhance AWE implementation and acceptance in the future.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Zeolite-Assisted Pyrolysis of Polystyrene: Material Selection and Mechanistic Insights.

Polystyrene (PS) presents a significant environmental challenge due to its durability and resistance to degradation. A major issue in addressing this challenge is optimizing the pyrolysis process to selectively convert PS into valuable products, such as styrene, while minimizing unwanted byproducts. Existing studies on PS pyrolysis have primarily focused on general reaction yields and kinetics, with limited molecular-level insight into how zeolites can enhance product selectivity.

Progress and Gaps in Respiratory Disease Research and Treatment: Highlights of the IRM 2024 in Shanghai.

Respiratory diseases pose a major public health challenge globally, necessitating collaborative efforts between basic researchers and clinicians for effective solutions. China, which is heavily impacted by a broad spectrum of respiratory disorders, has made notable strides in both research and clinical management of these diseases. The International Respiratory Medicine (IRM) meeting was organized with the primary goal of facilitating the exchange of recent research developments and promoting collaboration between Chinese and American scientists in both basic and clinical research fields.

Comparison of melanocortin-4 reptor and α-melanoside stimulated hormone levels in healthy female volunteers and female patients with and without sexual functional disorders related to the use of selective serotonin reaptake inhibitors.

Background: Sexual dysfunction (SD) due to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) use is a common condition encountered by psychiatrists and its etiology has not been fully elucidated.

Aim: To determine the relationship between alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH) and Melanocortin-4 receptor (MCR4) levels and sexual function levels of patients with and without SSRI related SD and control group and to examine whether α-MSH and MCR4 play a role in the etiology of SSRI related SD.

Methods: A total of 92 patients and 49 healthy volunteers who applied to psychiatry outpatient clinic were included in the study.

Atraumatic Cervical Disc Herniation With Rapidly Progressive Myelopathy in a 47-Year-Old Male: A Case Report.

Atraumatic acute myelopathy caused by idiopathic disc herniation is rare. This case presents a 47-year-old male with a sudden onset of severe neck pain and weakness upon waking that progressively worsened. His rapidly progressive myelopathy led to an MRI of the cervical spine, revealing severe spinal canal stenosis at the C6-C7 level due to a large disc herniation deforming the spinal cord.

Bactrim-Induced Hepatotoxicity.

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) is a commonly used antimicrobial agent for treating common bacterial infections such as urinary tract infection (UTI), combined with doxycycline for community-acquired methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and invaluable in pneumonia (PJP), previously classified as . Of its known adverse reactions, hepatotoxicity rarely comes to mind, but indeed, it is a recognized but very rare adverse reaction that may lead to liver failure in adults and even rarer in children. We present a case of hepatotoxicity in a 43-year-old male patient on no prior medication who developed jaundice and highly elevated liver enzymes one week after the administration of Bactrim for the treatment of UTI in association with prostatism, symptoms of decreased urinary force due to obstruction of flow through the prostate gland.

Acute Muscle Weakness in Graves' Disease: A Case Report of Hypokalemic Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare but significant complication of hyperthyroidism, characterized by episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis and associated hypokalemia. This case report details a 30-year-old Latin American male with a history of Graves' disease, presenting with acute muscle weakness and hypokalemia. The patient reported transient episodes of weakness over recent weeks, culminating in a severe episode prompting emergency evaluation.

Point-of-care ultrasound in nephrology: A private practice viewpoint.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a limited ultrasound examination performed by the clinician at the bedside, emerging as a complement to physical examination across various medical specialties. In the field of nephrology, its integration has been gradual, primarily limited to guiding procedures like temporary dialysis catheter placement or, in some cases, diagnostic kidney ultrasounds. In reality, the assessment of hemodynamic status at the bedside holds immense value for nephrologists, yet there exists limited awareness among practitioners regarding its implementation.

Innovative Dual Combination Cospray-Dried Rock Inhibitor/l-Carnitine Inhalable Dry Powder Aerosols.

This study introduces novel cospray-dried (Co-SD) formulations of simvastatin, a Nrf2 activator ROCK inhibitor, with l-carnitine as molecular mixtures in various molar ratios for targeted pulmonary inhalation aerosol delivery in pulmonary hypertension, optimized for excipient-free dry powder inhalers (DPIs). The two components were spray-dried at various molar ratios by using different starting feed solution concentrations and process parameters. In addition to comprehensive physicochemical characterization, in vitro aerosol dispersion performance as DPIs using two FDA-approved DPI devices with different shear stress properties, in vitro viability as a function of dose on 2D human pulmonary cellular monolayers and on 3D small airway epithelia human primary cultures at the air-liquid interface (ALI), and in vitro transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) at the ALI were conducted.

Genomic Epidemiology of 2023-2024 Oropouche Outbreak in Iquitos, Peru reveals independent origin from a concurrent outbreak in Brazil.

Oropouche virus is an arbovirus endemic to the Americas. Periodic outbreaks have occurred since its description in 1955. In late 2023, an outbreak occurred in Peru, centered in and around Iquitos in the Eastern Peruvian Amazon.

Diagnostic accuracy of phosphorylated tau217 in detecting Alzheimer's disease pathology among cognitively impaired and unimpaired: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Our review summarizes the diagnostic accuracy of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) in detecting amyloid and tau pathology on positron emission tomography (PET). We systematically reviewed studies that reported the diagnostic accuracy of plasma and CSF p-tau217, searching MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through August 2024. The accuracy of p-tau217 in predicting amyloid and tau pathology on PET was evaluated in 30 studies.

Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of LEADS and ADNI.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) share similar amyloid etiology, but evidence from smaller-scale studies suggests that they manifest differently clinically. Current analyses sought to contrast the cognitive profiles of EOAD and LOAD.

Methods: Z-score cognitive-domain composites for 311 amyloid-positive sporadic EOAD and 314 amyloid-positive LOAD participants were calculated from baseline data from age-appropriate control cohorts.

Deleterious Impacts of Western diet on Jejunum Function and Health are Reversible.

The goal of this study was to determine whether the influence of high-fat high-sugar diet (Western diet) on intestinal function and health was reversible. We measured transepithelial short circuit current (Isc), across freshly isolated segments of jejunum from male C57Bl/6J mice randomly assigned to one of the following groups for the study duration: high-fat high-sugar diet for 24-weeks (HFHS), HFHS diet for 12-weeks then switched to standard chow and water for a further 12 weeks (Std), and lean controls (standard chow and water for 24-weeks). At the completion of the study, segments of jejunum were frozen for western blot determination of key proteins involved in secretory and absorptive functions, as well as senescence.

Empowering Primary Care Nurse Practitioners: A Multilevel Approach to Combating the Opioid Crisis.

Aims: We offer a literature-driven, empirically informed, and highly warranted recommendation for a multilevel approach tailored to nurse practitioners. This approach aimed to drive change at the individual level (nurse practitioner), dyadic level (nurse-patient therapeutic relationship), and systems level (organisational culture, education, and policy) to strengthen nurse practitioners' capacity to deliver optimal opioid use disorder care.

Background: The opioid overdose epidemic is a global public health crisis, with the United States facing the most severe impact.

The Mechanisms Underlying the Intergenerational Transmission of Substance Use and Misuse: An Integrated Research Approach.

Substance use and substance use disorders run in families. While it has long been recognized that the etiology of substance use behaviors and disorders involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors, two key questions remain largely unanswered: (1) the intergenerational transmission through which these genetic predispositions are passed from parents to children, and (2) the molecular mechanisms linking genetic variants to substance use behaviors and disorders. This article aims to provide a comprehensive conceptual framework and methodological approach for investigating the intergenerational transmission of substance use behaviors and disorders, by integrating genetic nurture analysis, gene expression imputation, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis.