Liquid chromatography coupled to on-line post column derivatization for the determination of organic compounds: a review on instrumentation and chemistries.

Analytical derivatization either in pre or post column modes is one of the most widely used sample pretreatment techniques coupled to liquid chromatography. In the present review article we selected to discuss the post column derivatization mode for the analysis of organic compounds. The first part of the review focuses to the instrumentation of post-column setups including not only fundamental components such as pumps and reactors but also less common parts such as static mixers and back-pressure regulators; the second part of the article discusses the most popular "chemistries" that are involved in post column applications, including reagent-less approaches and new sensing platforms such as the popular gold nanoparticles.

Changes of HBsAg and interferon-inducible protein 10 serum levels in naive HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients under 4-year entecavir therapy.

Background & Aims: Serum HBsAg levels might represent an important predictor of sustained off-treatment response in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We evaluated the changes of HBsAg and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP10) serum levels in HBeAg-negative CHB patients treated with entecavir.

Methods: 114 patients received entecavir for a median of 4.

Late diagnosis of a McFarland fracture: imaging and treatment.

McFarland fractures represent a type of oblique medial malleolar fracture in children that can be challenging to diagnose and treat. A 14-year-old junior league soccer player with a Salter Harris type IV McFarland fracture presented late, as the initial routine two views radiological assessment failed to reveal a clear fracture line. The addition of a mortise ankle view led to the correct diagnosis and subsequent MRI findings guided nonsurgical treatment with an excellent outcome.

Selective fluorimetric method for the determination of histamine in seafood samples based on the concept of zone fluidics.

In the present article we report our results on the development of a selective automated method for the determination of histamine in seafood using the concept of zone fluidics. The method is based on the sequential on-line reaction of the analyte with o-phthalaldehyde in the absence of a nucleophilic reagent, followed by acidification. The careful selection of the chemical and instrumental variables enabled the determination of the analyte with adequate sensitivity at the low micromolar level and with specificity against other biogenic amines and amino acids such as histidine.

Determination of glutathione and cysteine in yeasts by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography followed by on-line postcolumn derivatization.

In the present study, we report a new method for the determination of two primary thiols, cysteine (CYS) and glutathione (GSH), by hydrophilic interaction LC. The polar analytes are separated isocratically using a mobile phase consisting of 65% acetonitrile/35% ammonium acetate (15 mmol/L, pH 2.0) and are detected at 285 nm following on-line postcolumn derivatization by the thiol-selective reagent methyl propiolate.

Common pitfalls in syndesmotic rupture management: a clinical audit.

Background: Syndesmotic injuries occur in up to 11% of all ankle injuries. Whereas the optimal fixation of syndesmotic injuries remains controversial, pitfalls in their management can lead to poor outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of all ankle fractures operated on at a level 1 trauma center over a 7-year period.

Differential Effect of SdhB Gene Mutations on the Sensitivity to SDHI Fungicides in Botrytis cinerea.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibiting (SDHI) fungicides constitute a relatively novel fungicide group used for gray mold control caused mainly by Botrytis cinerea. Shortly after registration, resistance was observed in fungal populations that correlated with several mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase complex (complex II). In the current study, 30 B.

Perioperative variations of the intracompartmental pressures of the paraspinal muscles.

Study Design: Study of the influence of thoracolumbar spinal surgery through a posterior approach to the intercompartmental pressure of the paraspinal muscles.

Objective: To create waveforms according to the pressure variations up to 24 hours postoperatively and relate these measurements to independent parameters.

Summary Of Background Data: The existence of a paraspinal anatomic compartment and a relevant compartment syndrome has been supported theoretically, proven experimentally, and confirmed in clinical cases.

Floating elbow injuries in adults: prognostic factors affecting clinical outcomes.

Background: Floating elbow fractures in adults are rare and complex injuries with unpredictable outcomes. The present study was designed to assess our experience, analyze possible compilations and illustrate prognostic factors of the final outcome.

Methods: Between 2002 and 2009, 19 patients with floating elbow fractures were treated in our department (mean follow-up, 26 months).

[Testicular microlithiasis and Leydig cell proliferation in Wistar rats underwent Fowler-Stephens procedure].

Objectives: The present study investigates the outcome of Fowler-Stephens operation in prepubertal Wistar rats focused on microlithiasis and Leydig cell hyperplasia development.

Methods: Thirty-eight (38) animals underwent laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens operation on the right testis (8 of them formed the control group) and 6 of them additional contra-lateral orchectomy. The testes were examined histological 9,30,70 and 90 days later, while ultrasound study was perfomed a day earlier.

Patient with hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease treated with atorvastatin and omega-3 Fatty Acid ethyl esters.

This is a case report that describes a 67-year-old woman with mixed hyperlipidemia and diabetic nephropathy. She was initially prescribed a combination of simvastatin plus gemfibrozil by her general practitioner (GP). When referred to our cardiovascular unit, we further diagnosed the patient to have mixed hyperlipidemia and rhabdomyolysis.

Differences in Frequency of Transposable Elements Presence in Botrytis cinerea Populations from Several Hosts in Greece.

This study was conducted primarily to investigate the presence and frequency distribution of the transposable elements Boty and Flipper in populations of the necrotroph plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Greece. In total, 334 isolates were collected from diseased grape, strawberry, tomato, cucumber, kiwifruit, and apple fruit during 2009. The presence of the two transposable elements was based on polymerase chain reaction detection.

On-line cleavage of disulfide bonds by soluble and immobilized tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine using sequential injection analysis.

Reduction of disulfide bonds is - in many cases - a critical pretreatment step for the determination of thiols in real samples. This study reports the first systematic investigation of the potentials of the on-line reduction of disulfide bonds under flow conditions in a sequential injection setup. One of the most promising reducing agents, tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) was selected for this purpose while the Ellman's disulfide (DTNB) was used as model compound.

Sutures versus sterile strips for closure of ankle arthroscopy portals: prospective crossover trial.

Background: Either a nylon single suture or adhesive tape in the form of Steri strip are commonly used for the closure of portals in ankle arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods with regards to their safety, complications and cosmetic result.

Methods: This was a prospective cross over study of 100 patients who underwent ankle arthroscopy.

IMproving the imPlemEntation of cuRrent guidelines for the mAnagement of major coronary hearT disease rIsk factors by multifactorial interVEntion. The IMPERATIVE renal analysis.

Introduction: The short-term effects of multifactorial intervention for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention on renal function and serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and multiple CVD risk factors are unclear. The aim of the study was to prospectively assess these effects.

Material And Methods: This post hoc analysis of 5 "best practice" studies involved patients with multiple CVD risk factors.

Automated determination of total captopril in urine by liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization coupled to on-line solid phase extraction in a sequential injection manifold.

The present study reports a new liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of the anti-hypertension drug captopril (CAP) in human urine. After its separation from the sample matrix in a reversed phase HPLC column, CAP reacts with the thiol-selective reagent ethyl-propiolate (EP) in a post-column configuration and the formed thioacrylate derivative is detected at 285 nm. Automated 4-fold preconcentration of the analyte prior to analysis was achieved by an on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) step using a sequential injection (SI) manifold.

Radiation exposure to patients and radiologists during interventional procedures.

Patients who undergo interventional radiological examinations and the medical doctors who perform them receive a noticeable radiation dose. Twenty-six angiographies and six angioplasties were included in the present study. They were classified as examinations of lower limbs, abdominal aorta and aortic arch/carotid artery.

Prevalence of ejaculatory disorders in urban men: results of a random-sample survey.

We aimed to determine the prevalence of early ejaculation disorders (EED) and to calculate the prevalence of lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) in Greek urban men. Associations with physiological and psychological conditions, treatment-seeking and treatment efficacy were defined. We surveyed 522 urban men aged 16-62 individually using an open, one-on-one questionnaire.

Postharvest Fruit Rots of Apple in Greece: Pathogen Incidence and Relationships Between Fruit Quality Parameters, Cultivar Susceptibility, and Patulin Production.

The incidence of pathogens associated with postharvest fruit rots on the four most extensively cultivated apple cultivars (Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, and Fuji) in Greece was surveyed during two consecutive storage periods (2008-09 and 2009-10) in five packinghouses located in northern Greece. The fungi isolated were identified based on their morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing. In the four cultivars sampled, Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea were the predominant pathogens, accounting for averages of 44.

Automated pre-column derivatization of thiolic fruit-antibrowning agents by sequential injection coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography using a monolithic stationary phase and an in-loop stopped-flow approach.

The present study reports the very first application of ethyl propiolate (EP) as an advantageous pre-column derivatization reagent for the determination of thiols by liquid chromatography (LC). Cysteine (CYS), glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were derivatized online under stopped-flow conditions in a sequential injection (SI) system coupled to HPLC. The formed derivatives were separated isocratically with a monolithic stationary phase (100×4.

Dendritic pathology and spinal loss in the visual cortex in Alzheimer's disease: a Golgi study in pathology.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive decline in memory, loss of professional skills, impairment of judgement and behavior, and decline in social performances. In terms of neuropathology, the morphological hallmarks of the disease are the accumulation of alpha-beta peptide and the neurofibrillary degeneration, associated with synaptic alterations, involving mostly the dendritic spines. This study is based on the morphological analysis of 10 brains, 5 of which were obtained from patients who suffered from Alzheimer's disease and 5 from nondemented senile individuals used as control group.

Ethyl propiolate as a post-column derivatization reagent for thiols: development of a green liquid chromatographic method for the determination of glutathione in vegetables.

The present study reports the development, validation and application of a new green liquid chromatographic method for the determination of glutathione (GSH) in vegetable samples. In this work we introduce-for the first time-ethyl propiolate (EP) as an advantageous post-column derivatization reagent for thiolic compounds. GSH (t(R)=6.

Osteoid osteoma of the posterior talar dome.

Osteoid osteoma of the foot and ankle can be challenging to diagnose. A case of an osteoid osteoma of the posterior talar dome is presented in this article. The lesion mimicked other local pathologies resulting in considerable delay in diagnosis and unnecessary therapeutic interventions.