Hellenic Association for the Study of the Liver (HASL): revised clinical practice guidelines for autoimmune hepatitis.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare liver disease, of unknown origin, characterized by considerable heterogeneity. AIH can affect both sexes, of all ages, ethnicities and races. The revised Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) of the Hellenic Association for the Study of the Liver aim to provide updated guidance to clinicians.

Digoxin Discontinuation in Patients With HFrEF on Beta-Blockers: Implication for Future 'Knock-Out Trials' in Heart Failure.

Background: National heart failure guidelines recommend quadruple therapy with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), most of whom also receive loop diuretics. However, the guidelines are less clear about the safe approaches to discontinuing older drugs whose decreasing or residual benefit is less well understood. The objective of this study was to examine whether digoxin can be safely discontinued in patients with HFrEF receiving beta-blockers.

Transcriptomic and functional analyses on a Botrytis cinerea multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain provides new insights into the potential molecular mechanisms of MDR and fitness.

Botrytis cinerea is a notorious pathogen causing pre- and post-harvest spoilage in many economically important crops. Excessive application of site-specific fungicides to control the pathogen has led to the selection of strains possessing target site alterations associated with resistance to these fungicides and/or strains overexpressing efflux transporters associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR in B.

The Antioxidant Potential of Vitamins and Their Implication in Metabolic Abnormalities.

Vitamins are micronutrients necessary for the normal function of the body. Although each vitamin has different physicochemical properties and a specific role in maintaining life, they may also possess a common characteristic, i.e.

Development of mucoadhesive 3D-printed Carbopol/Eudragit/SNAC tablets for the oral delivery of enoxaparin: In vitro and ex vivo evaluation.

3D-printed dosage forms comprised of Carbopol and Eudragit were fabricated through semi-solid extrusion, combining Enoxaparin (Enox) and the permeation enhancer SNAC in a single-step process without subsequent post-processing. Inks were characterized using rheology and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The stability of Enox in the fabricated dosage forms was assessed by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) analysis.

Pioneers of cortical cytoarchitectonics: the forgotten contribution of Herbert Major.

The study of cortical cytoarchitectonics and the histology of the human cerebral cortex was pursued by many investigators in the second half of the nineteenth century, such as Jacob Lockhart Clarke, Theodor Meynert, and Vladimir Betz. Another of these pioneers, whose name has largely been lost to posterity, is considered here: Herbert Coddington Major (1850-1921). Working at the West Riding Asylum in Wakefield, United Kingdom, Major's thesis of 1875 described and illustrated six-layered cortical structure in both non-human primates and man, as well as "giant nerve cells" which corresponded to those cells previously described, but not illustrated, by Betz.

Herbert Major on the insula: An early depiction of von Economo neurones?

Herbert Major (1850-1921) undertook histopathological studies of human and non-human primate brains at the West Riding Lunatic Asylum in Wakefield, England, during the 1870s. Two of his papers specifically investigated the structure of the island of Reil, or insula, "with the view of ascertaining its exact structure". In addition to describing and illustrating its lamination as six-layered, Major also identified "spindle-shaped" cells in the lower layers of human brains, but not in non-human primates.

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant and NSAID Derivatives with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Plasma Lipid Lowering Effects.

Amides containing methyl esters of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-proline and L-tyrosine, and esters containing 3-(pyridin-3-yl)propan-1-ol were synthesized by conjugation with 3,5-di--butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic, an NSAID (tolfenamic acid), or 3-phenylacrylic (cinnamic, ()-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic and caffeic) acids. The rationale for the conjugation of such moieties was based on the design of structures with two or more molecular characteristics. The novel compounds were tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties.

Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activities of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives.

Oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia are important factors for the initiation and progression of various cell degenerative pathological conditions, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A series of cinnamic acid-derived acids, such as ferulic acid, sinapic acid, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, -coumaric acid, and ()-3-(3,5-di--butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid, were esterified or amidated with various moieties, bearing different biological activities, and evaluated. The antioxidant and radical scavenging abilities of the compounds via inhibition of rat hepatic microsomal membrane lipid peroxidation, as well as their interaction with the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), were assessed.

Neurobiological and pathophysiological concepts of Christfried Jakob (1866-1956) on language and aphasia: An English translation of two communications [1910,1932] and a modern perspective.

The aim of the present article is to preserve, in English translation, two historical communications on aphasia and the pathophysiology of language by the neurobiologist Christfried Jakob (1866-1956) of Buenos Aires, and to place them in a modern perspective. The morphofunctional basis of human language and its pathology occupied Jakob's mind over three decades. His synthetic conclusions were based on the neuropathological examination of dozens of aphasic cases from the Hospital de Las Mercedes and the National Women's Psychiatric Hospital between 1906 and 1936.