Vermicompost application improves leaf physiological activity, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, and grain yield of fragrant rice through efficient nitrogen assimilation under Cd stress.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in arable soils and its accumulation in rice plants have become a global concern because of their harmful effects on crop yield and human health. The stabilization method which involves the application of organic amendments such as vermicompost (VC), is frequently utilized for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. This study investigated the effects of VC on the soil chemical properties and the physio-biochemical functions of fragrant rice, as well as nitrogen (N) metabolism and assimilatory enzyme activities, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) content in rice grains, and the grain yields of fragrant rice cultivars, i.

Host resistance responses against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat cultivars with different resistance levels: molecular, biochemical, and ultrastructural studies.

Background: Yellow (stripe) rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is a serious disease that results in great economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the variation in plant responses in three wheat cultivars with different resistance levels against yellow rust.

Results: The highest disease severity was recorded for cv.

Roles of Three Genes in the Development and Pathogenicity Regulation of .

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease caused by . Pectin lyase, a pectinase, acts on the α-1,4-glycosidic linkage of galacturonic acid primarily by β-elimination. In this study, three pectin lyase genes (, , ) in were selected, and deletion mutants (Δ, , ) were constructed by homologous recombination for functional characterization.

Novel pyridine isonicotinoyl hydrazone derivative: synthesis, complexation and investigation for decontamination of DR-81 from wastewater.

Herein, novel aroylhydrazone (/)-'-((3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide ligand (MPIH) 3 and its Zn(ii)-MPIH complex 4 were synthesized and investigated to adsorb direct red 81 dye (DR-81) from aqueous media. MPIH was synthesized by the condensation reaction of isonicotinohydrazide with 3-methylpicolinaldehyde 2, then performed in a basic medium with zinc chloride to form Zn(ii)-MPIH complex. The synthesized MPIH ligand 3 and Zn(ii)-MPIH complex 4 were further characterized proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR), C nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible, mass spectra analysis (EI MS), and elemental analysis.

Quantitative assessment and genomic profiling of dynamics in poultry processing: a case study in the United Arab Emirates integrated abattoir system.

In the United Arab Emirates, no previous research has investigated the dynamics of the foodborne pathogen in broiler abattoir processing. This study conducted in one of the largest poultry producers in the UAE, following each key slaughter stage-defeathering, evisceration, and final chilling-five broiler carcasses were collected from 10 slaughter batches over a year. Additionally, one caecum was obtained from 15 chickens in each slaughter batch to evaluate the flock colonization.

Antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials of Ag green-synthesized and encapsulated olive leaves particles on HCT-116 cells.

Water extracts (OLE), whey protein encapsulated extracts (OLE/WPNs), and silver nanoparticles (OLE/Ag-NPs) were prepared from olive leaves of Manzenllie and Picual varieties. These preparations were characterized, and their antioxidant and biological activities on Vero and HCT-116 colorectal cells were assessed. The mechanism of action of the preparations was studied through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cytochrome C oxidase (Cox1) gene expression.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Ammi visnaga extract enhanced systemic resistance and triggered multiple defense-related genes, including SbWRKY transcription factors, against tobacco mosaic virus infection.

Background: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a highly infectious plant virus that affects a wide variety of plants and reduces crop yields around the world. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of using Ammi visnaga aqueous seed extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and their potential to combat TMV. Different techniques were used to characterize Ag-NPs, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS).

Biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi against phytopathogenic nematodes on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are a vital pest that causes significant yield losses and economic damage to potato plants. The use of chemical pesticides to control these nematodes has led to environmental concerns and the development of resistance in the nematode populations. Endophytic fungi offer an eco-friendly alternative to control these pests and produce secondary metabolites that have nematicidal activity against RKNs.

Bacterial Quality and Molecular Detection of Food Poisoning Virulence Genes Isolated from Nasser Lake Fish, Aswan, Egypt.

The microbial analysis of fish is critical for ensuring overall health. Uncooked fish can serve as a conduit for transmitting several types of microbes; the current investigation sought to assess the bacterial levels in various kinds of fish from Nasser Lake, Aswan, Egypt, considered the chief source of potable water in Egypt. Two hundred and fifty fish samples, including 50 of each , , , , and , from Nasser Lake, Aswan, Egypt, were collected to detect the bacterial load, isolation, and identification of , , and and their virulence genes.

Ameliorative impacts of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on seedling growth, physiological biomarkers, and gene expression in eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under salt stress.

Plants spontaneously accumulate γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonprotein amino acid, in response to various stressors. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the precise molecular mechanisms that plants employ to cope with salt stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of GABA on the salt tolerance of eight distinct varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Toxicity of bisphenol A and -nitrophenol on tomato plants: Morpho-physiological, ionomic profile, and antioxidants/defense-related gene expression studies.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and -nitrophenol (PNP) are emerging contaminants of soils due to their wide presence in agricultural and industrial products. Thus, the present study aimed to integrate morpho-physiological, ionic homeostasis, and defense- and antioxidant-related genes in the response of tomato plants to BPA or PNP stress, an area of research that has been scarcely studied. In this work, increasing the levels of BPA and PNP in the soil intensified their drastic effects on the biomass and photosynthetic pigments of tomato plants.

Assessing Soil Quality, Wheat Crop Yield, and Water Productivity under Condition of Deficit Irrigation.

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in Egypt and all over the world. Its productivity is adversely affected by drought due to deficient irrigation to provide nutrients required for plant growth. In a field experiment, silicon foliar applications at concentrations of 0, 200, and 400 mg L were performed at different irrigation rates ranging from 1000 to 4000 m ha to assess water irrigation productivity and wheat crop yield in a calcareous soil under arid climate conditions.

Supplementation of Saussurea costus root alleviates sodium nitrite-induced hepatorenal toxicity by modulating metabolic profile, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO) is a widely used food ingredient, although excessive concentrations can pose potential health risks. In the present study, we evaluated the deterioration effects of NaNO additives on hematology, metabolic profile, liver function, and kidney function of male Wistar rats. We further explored the therapeutic potential of supplementation with root ethanolic extract (SCREE) to improve NaNO-induced hepatorenal toxicity.

Olive leaf extract-derived chitosan-metal nanocomposite: Green synthesis and dual antimicrobial-anticancer action.

In this study, we developed a novel nanocomposite by synthesizing zinc (ZnNPs), copper (CuNPs), and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles using olive leaf extract and incorporating them into a chitosan polymer. This approach combines the biocompatibility of chitosan with the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of metal nanoparticles, enhanced by the phytochemical richness of olive leaf extract. The significance of our research lies in its potential to offer a biodegradable and stable alternative to conventional antibiotics and cancer treatments, particularly in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria and various cancer types.

Neuroprotective Role of Selenium Nanoparticles Against Behavioral, Neurobiochemical and Histological Alterations in Rats Subjected to Chronic Restraint Stress.

Chronic stress induces changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) showed promising results in several neurological animal models. The implementation of SeNPs in chronic restraint stress (CRS) remains to be elucidated.

Antibacterial efficiency of apple vinegar marination on beef-borne .

Background: -related foodborne illnesses are a significant public health concern. Naturally, antibacterial food components have been shown to limit microbial growth proliferation with various degrees of efficacy.

Aims: To examine the occurrence, microbial load, and effect of apple vinegar on serovars in beef and beef products.

Utilizing bio-synthesis of nanomaterials as biological agents for controlling soil-borne diseases in pepper plants: root-knot nematodes and root rot fungus.

The utilization of Trichoderma longibrachiatum filtrate as a safe biocontrol method for producing zinc nanoparticles is a promising approach for managing pests and diseases in agricultural crops. The identification of Trichoderma sp. was achieved through PCR amplification and sequencing of 18s as ON203115, while the synthesis of ZnO-NPs was accomplished by employing Trichoderma filtration.

Comparative analysis of silver-nanoparticles and whey-encapsulated particles from olive leaf water extracts: Characteristics and biological activity.

Nanotechnology applications have been employed to improve the stability of bioactive components and drug delivery. Natural-based extracts, especially olive leaf extracts, have been associated with the green economy not only as recycled agri-waste but also in the prevention and treatment of various non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of this work was to provide a comparison between the characteristics, biological activity, and gene expression of water extract of olive leaves (OLE), green synthesized OLE silver nanoparticles (OL/Ag-NPs), and OLE whey protein capsules (OL/WPNs) of the two olive varieties, Tofahy and Shemlali.

Unlocking geothermal energy for sustainable greenhouse farming in arid regions: a remote-sensed assessment in Egypt's New Delta.

This study introduces a novel approach for assessing geothermal potential in arid regions, specifically Egypt's New Delta Agriculture Mega Project area. The challenge of limited sub-soil temperature profile data was addressed by integrating Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) weather data. Using the Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) model, the extracted air and sub-soil temperature profiles the potential for geothermal energy production was estimated.

Potential bioremediation of lead and phenol by sunflower seed husk and rice straw-based biochar hybridized with bacterial consortium: a kinetic study.

Environmental pollution is a global phenomenon and troublesome fact that poses a grave risk to all living entities. Via coupling carbonaceous feedstocks with outstanding microbial activity, kinetic experiments were established using the consortium of Proteus mirabilis and Raoultella planticola, biochar-derived sunflower seed husk (SHB) and rice straw (RSB), and their composites, which investigated at 30 °C (150 rpm) to eliminate 700 mg L lead (120 h) and phenol (168 h) from synthetic wastewater. The derived biochars physicochemical properties of were studied.

Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide, Iron Oxide, and Copper-Doped Iron Oxide Nanocomposites and Evaluation of Their Mixing Effects with Cyromazine against (Boisduval).

Nanotechnology research is emerging as a cutting-edge technology, and nanocomposites have played a significant role in pest control. Therefore, the present study focuses on the synthesis of tungsten oxide (WO), iron oxide (magnetic nanoparticle, MNP), and copper-doped iron oxide (MNP-Cu) nanocomposites and explores the different effects of their binary combinations with the insecticide cyromazine against . The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.

Diazotrophic Azotobacter salinestris YRNF3: a probable calcite-solubilizing bio-agent for improving the calcareous soil properties.

Calcareous soils are characterized by a high calcium carbonate content (calcite), which plays a crucial role in the soil structure, plant growth, and nutrient availability. The high content of CaCO leads to the increment of the soil alkalinity, which results in a lowering of the nutrient availability causing a challenge for the agriculture in these soils. In this study, the calcite-solubilizing potential of the diazotrophic Azotobacter salinestris YRNF3 was investigated in vitro as a probable bio-agent for enhancing the calcareous soils properties such as soil pH and nutrient availability.

Eliciting transcriptomic and antioxidant defensive responses against Rhizoctonia root rot of sorghum using the endophyte Aspergillus oryzae YRA3.

Environmental pollution due to the improper use of the chemical fungicides represents a vital ecological problem, which affects human and animal health, as well as the microbial biodiversity and abundance in the soil. In this study, an endophytic fungus Aspergillus oryzae YRA3, isolated from the wild plant Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C.

Influences of Mg-activation on sugarcane bagasse biochar characteristics and its PNP removing potentials from contaminated water.

Biochar as a substitute eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent is introduced for removing p-nitrophenol (PNP) one of the most important chemical contaminant that recognized as the main metabolite in many pesticides and an intermediate compound in many industries. Physicochemical characteristics of sugarcane bagasse biochar (SCBB) and its Mg-activation (ASCBB) generated at 500 °C for 30 min were investigate. Batch kinetic experiment was conducted (200 mg L PNP) to evaluate sorption efficiency of both tested biochars.

Utilization of Algae Extracts as Natural Antibacterial and Antioxidants for Controlling Foodborne Bacteria in Meat Products.

, , and are three types of algae that are assumed to be used as antibacterial agents. Our study's goal was to look into algal extracts' potential to be used as food preservative agents and to evaluate their ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in several meat products (pastirma, beef burger, luncheon, minced meat, and kofta) from the local markets in Alexandria, Egypt. By testing their antibacterial activity, results demonstrated that showed the highest antibacterial activity towards , , , , spp.