Ionic Crosslinking of Linear Polyethyleneimine Hydrogels with Tripolyphosphate.

In this work, the mechanical properties of hydrogels based on linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) chemically crosslinked with ethyleneglycoldiglycidyl ether (EGDE) were improved by the ionic crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). To this end, the quaternization of the nitrogen atoms present in the PEI structure was conducted to render a network with a permanent positive charge to interact with the negative charges of TPP. The co-crosslinking process was studied by H high-resolution magic angle spinning (H HRMAS) NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in combination with organic elemental analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Key concepts and a world-wide look at plant recruitment networks.

Plant-plant interactions are major determinants of the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. There is a long tradition in the study of these interactions, their mechanisms and their consequences using experimental, observational and theoretical approaches. Empirical studies overwhelmingly focus at the level of species pairs or small sets of species.

Recent advances in understanding pathophysiology of nonnutritional stunting in very preterm infants.

Very preterm infants (VPIs) often experience extrauterine growth failure. Therefore, aggressive nutritional management of VPIs is recommended with the goal of achieving the postnatal growth of an equivalent fetus. However, VPIs frequently present postnatal length growth restriction at term-corrected age that remains lower than the standard weight and have greater fat mass and lower lean and bone mass than term-born infants.

Navigating postoperative complications: Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.

Altwijri and Alsirhy reported a case of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation surgery in an advanced primary open-angle glaucoma patient, being the first ever recorded of its kind. The author describes the position of the tube as the origin of the anterior chamber inflammation and hyphema, which resolved shortly after shortening and relocating it. This publication emphasizes the importance of precise implant positioning and close-up patient follow-up after glaucoma filtration surgery as an important standard for healthcare providers.

Ecological interactions, host plant defenses, and control strategies in managing soybean looper, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Soybean looper (SBL), (Walker 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most damaging insect pests of soybean, (L.) Merr., in the mid-south region of the United States, and causes significant economic losses to cotton, sunflower, tomato, and tobacco crops in the United States, Brazil, and Argentina.

Noninvasive estimation of PaCO from volumetric capnography in animals with injured lungs: an Artificial Intelligence approach.

To investigate the feasibility of non-invasively estimating the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO) using a computational Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model fed by noninvasive volumetric capnography (VCap) parameters. In 14 lung-lavaged pigs, we continuously measured PaCO with an optical intravascular catheter and VCap on a breath-by-breath basis. Animals were mechanically ventilated with fixed settings and subjected to 0 to 22 cmHO of positive end-expiratory pressure steps.

Neural dynamics of social verb processing: An MEG study.

Human vocabularies include specific words to communicate interpersonal behaviors, a core linguistic function mainly afforded by social verbs (SVs). This skill has been proposed to engage dedicated systems subserving social knowledge. Yet, neurocognitive evidence is scarce, and no study has examined spectro-temporal and spatial signatures of SV access.

Empagliflozin in acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: A pre-specified analysis of the EMPACT-MI trial.

Aims: In the EMPACT-MI trial, empagliflozin reduced heart failure (HF) hospitalizations but not mortality in acute myocardial infarction (MI). Contemporary reports of clinical event rates with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in acute MI trials are sparse. The treatment effect of empagliflozin in those with and without T2DM in acute MI is unknown.

Feed additives for methane mitigation: Assessment of feed additives as a strategy to mitigate enteric methane from ruminants-Accounting; How to quantify the mitigating potential of using antimethanogenic feed additives.

Recent advances in our understanding of methanogenesis have led to the development of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA) that can reduce enteric methane (CH) emissions to varying extents, via direct targeting of methanogens, alternative electron acceptors, or altering the rumen environment. Here we examine current and new approaches used for the accounting (i.e.

Feed additives for methane mitigation: Regulatory frameworks and scientific evidence requirements for the authorization of feed additives to mitigate ruminant methane emissions.

This article describes the regulatory and evidence requirements necessary for the authorization of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA) aimed at mitigating enteric methane (CH) emissions from ruminants. It outlines the legislation and legal procedures in Australia, Canada, the European Union, New Zealand, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States as illustrative examples, offering insights for applicants seeking authorization. Additionals objectives are to highlight consequential similarities and differences in regulations and evidence requirements and offer recommendations for scientists and applicants.

Feed additives for methane mitigation: A guideline to uncover the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants.

This publication aims to provide guidelines of the knowledge required and the potential research to be conducted in order to understand the mode of action of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). In the first part of the paper, we classify AMFA into 4 categories according to their mode of action: (1) lowering dihydrogen (H) production; (2) inhibiting methanogens; (3) promoting alternative H-incorporating pathways; and (4) oxidizing methane (CH). The second part of the paper presents questions that guide the research to identify the mode of action of an AMFA on the rumen CH production from 5 different perspectives: (1) microbiology; (2) cell and molecular biochemistry; (3) microbial ecology; (4) animal metabolism; and (5) cross-cutting aspects.

Feed additives for methane mitigation: Modeling the impact of feed additives on enteric methane emission of ruminants-Approaches and recommendations.

Over the past decade, there has been considerable attention on mitigating enteric methane (CH) emissions from ruminants through the utilization of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). Administered in small quantities, these additives demonstrate potential for substantial reductions of methanogenesis. Mathematical models play a crucial role in comprehending and predicting the quantitative impact of AMFA on enteric CH emissions across diverse diets and production systems.

Feed additives for methane mitigation: Recommendations for testing enteric methane-mitigating feed additives in ruminant studies.

There is a need for rigorous and scientifically-based testing standards for existing and new enteric methane mitigation technologies, including antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). The current review provides guidelines for conducting and analyzing data from experiments with ruminants intended to test the antimethanogenic and production effects of feed additives. Recommendations include study design and statistical analysis of the data, dietary effects, associative effect of AMFA with other mitigation strategies, appropriate methods for measuring methane emissions, production and physiological responses to AMFA, and their effects on animal health and product quality.

Feed additives for methane mitigation: Recommendations for identification and selection of bioactive compounds to develop antimethanogenic feed additives.

Despite the increasing interest in developing antimethanogenic additives to reduce enteric methane (CH) emissions and the extensive research conducted over the last decades, the global livestock industry has a very limited number of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA) available that can deliver substantial reduction, and they have generally not reached the market yet. This work provides technical recommendations and guidelines for conducting tests intended to screen the potential to reduce, directly or indirectly, enteric CH of compounds before they can be further assessed in in vivo conditions. The steps involved in this work cover the discovery, isolation, and identification of compounds capable of affecting CH production by rumen microbes, followed by in vitro laboratory testing of potential candidates.

Reciprocating torsional fatigue and mechanical tests of thermal-treated NiTi instruments.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, One RECI, and R-Motion, specifically focusing on their flexibility and buckling resistance; and to assess their torsional fatigue behavior under two different reciprocation angles (150°/30° or 70°/30°).

Methods: A total of 160 instruments (40 per brand) were tested. Flexion and buckling tests were conducted using a Universal testing machine (DL 200MF) was used.

Novel allelic variants of bla carried on IncN and IncC plasmids isolated from clinical cases in Argentina. In vivo emergence of bla.

Background: The OXA-48-like enzymes are members of the class D β-lactamases, primarily detected in Enterobacterales, with the capacity to hydrolyze carbapenems. The allelic variant bla, which has low hydrolytic activity towards carbapenemes, was detected in Argentina in 2011 and spread successfully since then, giving sporadic origin to novel local variants.

Aim: To study the phenotypic profile and the dissemination strategies of two novel OXA enzymes, bla and bla, harbored in Escherichia coli M17224 and Klebsiella pneumoniae M21014, isolated from two pediatric patients.

Causes of Death Following Coronary Revascularization in Patients with Diabetes.

Background: In patients with diabetes and multivessel coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been associated with higher long-term cardiovascular mortality compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the specific causes of death are not well known. We aimed to determine the causes of death among patients with diabetes and multivessel disease undergoing coronary revascularization with PCI versus CABG.

Methods: We analyzed the centrally adjudicated causes of death of 1,900 participants in the FREEDOM trial.

Phylogenetics, biogeography, and life history evolution in the broadly distributed treefrog genus Dendropsophus.

Dendropsophusis one of the most species-rich genera of treefrogs. Recent studies integrating Sanger-generated mitochondrial and nuclear loci with phenomic characters (SP) have advanced understanding of this clade, but questions about its internal relationships and biogeographic history persist. To address these questions, we used anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) to combine 432 nuclear loci for 78 taxa (72 % of species) with published data.

No difference in outcomes after remplissage or open Bankart repair plus inferior capsular shift in collision and contact athletes with subcritical glenoid bone loss ≤ 10 % and off-track Hill Sachs lesion.

Purpose: To compare functional outcomes, recurrence rate, range of motion (ROM) and return to sport between arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage (BR) and open Bankart repair with inferior capsular shift (OBICS) in contact and collision athletes with recurrent anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A prospective comparative cohort study of 90 patients separated into two study groups (OBICS and BR) of 45 collision and contact athletes each was conducted. All athletes had subcritical glenoid bone loss (SGBL) ≤ 10% and off-track Hill Sach lesions (HSLs).

Intra-host variability of SARS-CoV-2: Patterns, causes and impact on COVID-19.

Intra-host viral variability is related to pathogenicity, persistence, drug resistance, and the emergence of new clades. This work reviews the large amount of data on SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variability accumulated to date, addressing known and potential implications in COVID-19 and the emergence of VOCs and lineage-defining mutations. Topics covered include the distribution of intra-host polymorphisms across the genome, the corresponding mutational signatures, their patterns of emergence and extinction throughout infection, and the processes governing their abundance, frequency, and type (synonymous, nonsynonymous, indels, nonsense).

[Racial inequality in the production of fresh vegetables and cut flowers in Argentina: an analysis in Greater La Plata].

This study aims to analyze the configuration of inequalities in one of Argentina's most significant production zones for fresh vegetables and cut flowers, located in Greater La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. This ongoing anthropological research, initiated in 2021, employs methods such as participant observation, interviews, food mapping, and digital ethnography. Among the main findings, we highlight that this production zone exhibits, in both its origins and daily operations, certain racist dynamics that are not solely generated by the host society toward migrants but are disseminated throughout the social fabric, including by migrant producers themselves.

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of Rhipicephalus microplus resistance to chemical acaricides at intra-farm level: A case study using ivermectin.

The aim of this work was to analyse the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to chemical acaricides at intra-farm level under different environmental (favourable and unfavourable areas for tick development) and management (different schemes of acaricides applications) conditions using ivermectin as a model. The in vitro larval immersion test (LIT) was used to determine quantitatively the levels of resistance to ivermectin in the different populations and subpopulations of R. microplus analysed.