Experts' discussion: implications of the World Health Organization's World report on hearing for the cochlear implant field.

Objective: This review aims to analyse the implications of the World Health Organization's 2021 world report on hearing, with a particular focus on the cochlear implant field. The objective is to understand the challenges and opportunities highlighted in the report and propose viable solutions for effective implementation within the cochlear implant community.

Methods: Following the release of the World Health Organization's world report on hearing, cochlear implant professionals explored and discussed the implications of the report with examples from various countries to understand the disparities in access, reimbursement policies, and social stigma associated with hearing loss.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography findings in Syphilitic Outer Retinitis.

Purpose: to report optical coherence tomography angiography findings in syphilitic outer retinopathy, a singular clinical manifestation of ocular syphilis.

Methods: case report.

Results: Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography was performed in a patient presenting syphilitic outer retinopathy.

Reconstructing attractors with autoencoders.

We propose a method based on autoencoders to reconstruct attractors from recorded footage, preserving the topology of the underlying phase space. We provide theoretical support and test the method with (i) footage of the temperature and stream function fields involved in the Lorenz atmospheric convection problem and (ii) a time series obtained by integrating the Rössler equations.

Differential cell architecture and microenvironmental responses of pretumoral and tumoral cellular models exposed to coverslip-induced hypoxia.

The tumor microenvironment is an altered milieu that imposes multiple selective pressures leading to the survival and dissemination of aggressive and fit tumor cell subpopulations. How pre-tumoral and tumoral cells respond to changes in their microenvironment will determine the subsequent evolution of the tumor. In this study, we have subjected pre-tumoral and tumoral cells to coverslip-induced hypoxia, which recapitulates the intracellular hypoxia and extracellular acidification characteristic of the early tumor microenvironment, and we have used a combination of quantitative phase microscopy and epifluorescence to analyze diverse cellular responses to this altered environment.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Aberrant regeneration of third nerve combined with sixth nerve palsy in the setting of trauma: surgical results.

: Aberrant regeneration of the third nerve is a known entity after trauma. It is important to recognize signs of aberrant regeneration and keep lid aperture disparity in mind before choosing the surgical procedure in such cases. Surgical procedure in these cases is often customized on case-to-case basis.

Role of GPR55 receptor in bovine sperm capacitation.

Background: Endocannabinoids like anandamide (AEA), among other lipids, are recognized signaling molecules that participate in reproductive events.

Objectives: Our aims were to characterize orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPR55) presence; investigate GPR55 activation by AEA and determine GPR55 role in the bovine sperm function.

Materials And Methods: GPR55 presence was assessed by immunocytochemistry.

Evaluation of a nanostructured CpG-ODN/ascorbyl palmitate as a safe and effective adjuvant for anticrotalic PLA2 serum.

Background: The WHO states that antivenom is the only safe and effective treatment to neutralize snake venom. Snakebite antivenom typically involves horse hyperimmunization with crude venom and Freund's adjuvant.

Methods: In the current work, we analyzed the ascorbyl palmitate liquid crystal structure with snake protein or PLA2, the carrier charge capacity, and we evaluated the immune response induced by the enzyme P9a(Cdt-PLA2) formulated in a nanostructure using CpG-ODN, determining the titer of IgG antibodies.

Functional characterization of novel compound heterozygous missense gene variants causing congenital dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism.

Introduction: The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active iodide accumulation in the thyroid follicular cell. Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the NIS-coding gene cause congenital dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism due to a defect in the accumulation of iodide, which is required for thyroid hormonogenesis.

Objective: We aimed to identify, and if so to functionally characterize, novel pathogenic gene variants in a patient diagnosed with severe congenital dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism characterized by undetectable radioiodide accumulation in a eutopic thyroid gland, as well as in the salivary glands.

Evaluating the relationship between news source sharing and political beliefs.

In an era marked by an abundance of news sources, access to information significantly influences public opinion. Notably, the bias of news sources often serves as an indicator of individuals' political leanings. This study explores this hypothesis by examining the news sharing behavior of politically active social media users, whose political ideologies were identified in a previous study.

Spatial variability of nitrous oxide emissions from croplands and unmanaged natural ecosystems across a large environmental gradient.

Atmospheric nitrous oxide (NO) is a potent greenhouse gas, with long atmospheric residence time and a global warming potential 273 times higher than CO. NO emissions are mainly produced from soils and are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors that can be substantially altered by anthropogenic activities, such as land uses, especially when unmanaged natural ecosystems are replaced by croplands or other uses. In this study, we evaluated the spatial variability of NO emissions from croplands (maize, soybean, wheat, and sugar cane crops), paired with the natural grasslands or forests that they replaced across a wide environmental gradient in Argentina, and identified the key drivers governing the spatial variability of NO emissions using structural equation modeling.

Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine Trial.

Objective: To evaluate descriptive efficacy data, exploratory immunogenicity data, and safety follow-up through study completion from the global, phase 3 MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) maternal vaccination trial of bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVpreF).

Methods: MATISSE was a phase 3, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy pregnant participants aged 49 years or younger at 24-36 weeks of gestation were randomized (1:1) to receive a single RSVpreF 120 micrograms or placebo dose.

Preterm Birth Frequency and Associated Outcomes From the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) Maternal Trial of the Bivalent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine.

Objective: To describe preterm birth frequency and newborn and infant outcomes overall and among preterm children in the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) trial of maternal vaccination with bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVpreF) to protect infants against severe RSV-associated illness.

Methods: MATISSE was a global, phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial. Pregnant individuals received single injections of RSVpreF or placebo.

A Focal Traumatic Injury to the Neonatal Rodent Spinal Cord Causes an Immediate and Massive Spreading Depolarization Sustained by Chloride Ions, with Transient Network Dysfunction.

In clinics, physical injuries to the spinal cord cause a temporary motor areflexia below lesion, known as spinal shock. This topic is still underexplored due to the lack of preclinical spinal cord injury (SCI) models that do not use anesthesia, which would affect spinal excitability. Our innovative design considered a custom-made micro impactor that provides localized and calibrated strikes to the ventral surface of the thoracic spinal cord of the entire CNS isolated from neonatal rats.

Impact of Freezing, Storage, and Pasteurization on Nutritional Components and Redox Biomarkers in Human Milk Donations.

This study evaluates the impact of various processing steps in the human milk (HM) donation chain on nutritional composition and oxidative biomarkers, specifically focusing on triacylglycerols, glucose, polyphenols, and lipid peroxides. A total of 68 HM samples were collected from the Human Milk Bank of Córdoba (Argentina) between 2022 and 2023. The effects of storage and pasteurization using the Holder method were assessed.

Novel Data Fusion Strategy for Second-Order Data: Multivariate Curve Resolution for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Means of Fluorimetric Measurements.

A new strategy is proposed for second-order data fusion based on the simultaneous modeling of two data sets using the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) model, applying a new constraint during the ALS stage, called "Proportionality of Scores". This approach allows for the fusion of data from different sources, without requiring common dimensionality, and enables the application of specific constraints to each data set. This strategy was applied to the determination of five pharmaceutical contaminants (naproxen, danofloxacin, ofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and enoxacin) in environmental water samples, by fusing two sets of excitation-emission fluorescence matrices, measured before and after photochemical derivatization.

Lipophagy and epigenetic alterations are related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression in an experimental model.

Background: Genetic and epigenetic alterations are related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) pathogenesis.

Aim: To evaluate micro (mi)RNAs and lipophagy markers in an experimental model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).

Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: Control group ( = 10) fed a standard diet; and intervention group ( = 10) fed a high-fat-choline-deficient diet for 16 weeks.

Global perspectives on transplant disparities.

Purpose Of Review: Our goal was to review and summarize the current state of global disease burden from organ failure and the efforts to improve outcomes with organ transplantation. We also reviewed intra- and inter-country disparities in organ failure and organ transplantation along with potential mechanisms to improve access to organ transplantation globally.

Recent Findings: Many disparities and inequities observed globally can be characterized by the country's income category.

Unveiling Inequities: Racial Disparities in Risk-Reducing Mastectomy for Breast Cancer Prevention.

Background: Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) significantly lowers breast cancer risk as a preventive surgery. While racial disparities in breast cancer treatment are well-documented, research on racial differences in the utilization and outcomes of RRM is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2008-2022) to identify women who underwent RRM.

Cost-of-illness analysis of chronic urticaria clinical management in five countries of Latin America.

Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a disease with a high impact on the quality of life of patients. There are some evaluations of the economic cost of the disease in developed countries, but there is little information about the economic cost of the disease in developing countries. Our aim was to assess the economic diagnostic and therapeutic expenses of CSU in five Latin American (LA) countries.