Understanding muscle energy expenditure variations following selective dorsal rhizotomy while maintaining consistent energy consumption.

Increased energy demands during walking is a recurrent issue for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Given the high incidence of spasticity in these children, several authors have analyzed the impact of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on energy consumption during walking, typically showing minimal changes post-SDR. To further investigate muscle behavior after SDR, our recent study identified alterations in individual muscle force production without changes in muscle activation during walking.

Sugar conditioning combined with nectar nonsugar compounds enhances honey bee pollen foraging in a nectarless diocious crop.

Recently, it has been shown that sugar‑conditioned honey bees can be biased towards a nectarless dioecious crop as kiwifruit. The challenges for an efficient pollination service in this crop species are its nectarless flowers and its short blooming period. It is known that combined non-sugar compounds (NSCs) present in the floral products of different plants, such as caffeine and arginine, enhance olfactory memory retention in honey bees.

Experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in Latin America between 2016 and 2020.

Objective: To document the experience with ECMO therapy in healthcare institutions across Latin America between 2016 and 2020.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Private and public health institutions from 7 countries.

Genetic diversity and intercontinental dispersal of temperate and subarctic populations of Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (Cestoda; Diphyllobothriidea), a causative agent of dibothriocephalosis.

The diphyllobothriid tapeworm Dibothriocephalus dendriticus, one of the causative agents of the fish-borne zoonosis dibothriocephalosis, is mainly distributed in the Arctic/subarctic and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere (Europe, North America, and Asia), but also in the southern cone region of South America (Patagonia). The genetic structure and gene flow among 589 individuals of D. dendriticus, representing 20 populations, were studied using the mitochondrial cox1 gene as the first choice marker and 10 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci as a dominant molecular tool.

Neophobia and exploration behavior in urban gulls: the Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus) as a study case.

Neophobia and exploratory behavior are personality traits through which organisms evaluate and respond to environment changes by adjusting their behavior. The Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) is a generalist seabird that consumes a wide variety of prey. Neophobia levels and exploratory behavior in novel circumstances were analyzed in urban adult (n=13) and immature (n=15) Kelp Gulls captured in the landfill of Mar del Plata city.

Microscale intertidal habitats modulate shell break resistance of the prey; Implications for prey selection.

Intertidal microhabitats provide special conditions to the organisms that inhabit them and to some of their morpho-protective characteristics. Tidal pools, under the influence of acidified freshwater, may affect the characteristics of the protective shells of prey and have repercussions on predation. The shells of Perumytilus purpuratus from such tidepools are more fragile than those of their counterparts from the vertical intertidal walls of the same area.

Multi-interacting global-change drivers reduce photosynthetic and resource use efficiencies and prompt a microzooplankton-phytoplankton uncoupling in estuarine communities.

Plankton communities are subjected to multiple global change drivers; however, it is unknown how the interplay between them deviates from predictions based on single-driver studies, in particular when trophic interactions are explicitly considered. We investigated how simultaneous manipulation of temperature, pH, nutrient availability and solar radiation quality affects the carbon transfer from phytoplankton to herbivorous protists and their potential consequences for ecosystem functioning. Our results showed that multiple interacting global-change drivers reduced the photosynthetic (gross primary production-to-electron transport rates ratios, from 0.

Long-term evaluation in BALBc mice of a triple mutant of Mycobacterium bovis and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin as potential vaccines against bovine tuberculosis.

There is currently no commercial vaccine available against bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Mycobacterium bovis is the primary causative agent of bTB and is closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen responsible for human TB. Despite their limitations, mouse models are invaluable in early vaccine development due to their genetic diversity, cost-effectiveness, and the availability of research tools.

NOTCH and IGF1 signaling systems are involved in the effects exerted by anthelminthic treatment of heifers on the bovine mammary gland.

Dairy heifers with gastrointestinal nematodes have reduced growth rates, and delayed age at puberty and milk production onset related to late mammary gland development. IGF1 and Notch signaling systems are important in this process, and an altered profile of serum IGF1 has been associated with the detrimental effect of the nematodes on parenchymal development. In this context, we aimed to study the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine mammary gland development around pre and postpuberty, focusing on proliferative and angiogenic processes that involve the Notch and IGF1 pathways.

Schmorl's nodes in two 19th-20th century Spanish osteological collections from Valladolid and Granada.

Objective: This study examines how age at death, sex, and socio-historical context relate to the frequency, location, and severity of Schmorl's nodes.

Materials: The sample comprised thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of 192 skeletons from two contemporary documented osteological collections from Spain, in Valladolid and Granada, both of which contain individuals who died during the second half of the 20th century.

Methods: Schmorl's nodes were recorded on the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies and their location was categorized in one of three areas: center, canal, and periphery.

Searching for nitroxyl modulators in Arabidopsis thaliana - a new paradigm of redox signaling in plant.

Through extensive research, nitroxyl (HNO) has emerged as a newly recognized redox signal in plant developmental and stress responses. The interplay between nitric oxide (●NO) and HNO entails a complex network of signaling molecules and regulatory elements sensitive to the environment's specific redox conditions. However, functional implications for HNO in cell signaling require more detailed studies, starting with identifying HNO-level switches.

Systematic review of outcome measures used in support programs designed to enhance the functioning for autistic children and adolescents and ICF content mapping.

Purpose: 1) To identify outcome measures used in support programs designed to enhance functioning in autistic children and adolescents, and 2) To map the content of these measures to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed in Medline/PubMed, EMBASE and Virtual Health Library databases, with no restrictions imposed regarding language or year of publication.

Intra-Individual Stable Isotope Variation Tracks Brazilian Contemporary Dietary and Nutritional Transition.

Introduction: Contemporary dietary and nutritional transitions are commonplace, but difficult to study directly. In Brazil, and Latin America, this generalized process, leading to current obesity and malnutrition problems, started more than four decades ago. Although body weight and food availability are used to measure changes, not much information on food consumption and nutrition exist.

The Properties of Damaged Starch Granules: The Relationship Between Granule Structure and Water-Starch Polymer Interactions.

The morphology of wheat starch granules with different damaged starch (DS) content was analyzed using a particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the granular structure was studied using FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD); and the granule-water interaction was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). The increase in the level of DS shifted the population of B-type granules towards larger particle diameters and shifted the population of A-type granules towards smaller particle diameters. The appearance of the surface of the starch-damaged granules was rough and flaky (SEM images).

Nebulized Hybrid Nanoarchaeosomes: Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Anti-Microbial Activity and Cytotoxicity on A549 Cells.

The properties of two hybrid nanoarchaeosomes (hybrid nanoARCs) made of archaeolipids extracted from the halophilic archaea and combining the properties of archaeolipid bilayers with metallic nanoparticles are explored here. BS-nanoARC, consisting of a nanoARC loaded with yerba mate ( extract (YME)-biogenic silver nanoparticles (BSs), and [BS + BS-nanoARC], consistent of a BS-nanoARC core covered by an outer shell of BSs, were structurally characterized and their therapeutic activities screened. By employing 109 ± 5 µg gallic acid equivalents (GAEs) and 73.

From High Protection to Lethal Effect: Diverse Outcomes of Immunization Against Invasive Candidiasis with Different Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from can elicit immune responses, positioning them as promising acellular vaccine candidates. We characterized EVs from an avirulent cell wall mutant (Δ) and evaluated their protective potential against invasive candidiasis. EVs from the yeast (YEVs) and hyphal (HEVs) forms of the SC5314 wild-type strain were also tested, yielding high survival rates with SC5314 YEV (91%) and YEV immunization (64%).

Genomic-Inbreeding Landscape and Selection Signatures in the Polo Argentino Horse Breed.

Analyzing genetic variability and inbreeding trends is essential for effective breed management in animal populations. To this, the characterization of runs of homozygosity (ROH) provides a good genomic approach to study the phenomena. The Polo Argentino (PA) breed, globally recognized as the best adapted to playing polo, is known for its strong influence of Thoroughbreds, intense selective breeding, and extensive use of reproductive biotechnologies.

Exploring Co-Occurrence Patterns to Understand Epiphyte-Liana Interactions.

Although epiphytes and lianas share the same habitat, most research has treated these two groups independently. This study aimed to evaluate the co-occurrence of vascular epiphytes and lianas in the subtropical montane forests of northwestern Argentina. We recorded epiphyte cover and liana basal area on trees ≥ 10-cm-dbh in 120 20 × 20 m plots in the Sierra de San Javier (Tucumán, Argentina).

Pathovar Infection Reveals Different Defense Mechanisms in Two Sweet Cherry Cultivars.

pv. is the main causal agent of bacterial canker in sweet cherry in Chile, causing significant economic losses. Cultivars exhibit diverse susceptibility in the field and the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential responses remain unclear.

Dimer Is Not Double: The Unexpected Behavior of Two-Floor Peptide Nanosponge.

Using the framework of an investigation of the stimuli-responsive behavior of peptide assembly on a solid surface, this study on the behavior of a chemisorbed peptide on a gold surface was performed. The studied peptide is a dimeric form of the antimicrobial peptide Trichogin GAIV, which was also modified by substituting the glycine with lysine residues, while the N-terminus octanoyl group was replaced by a lipoic one that was able to bind to the gold surface. In this way, a chemically linked peptide assembly that is pH-responsive was obtained because of the protonation/deprotonation of the sidechains of the Lys residues.

Updates on Langerhans cell histiocytosis and other histiocytosis in children: invited review-challenges and novelties in paediatric tumours.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) family lesions, and Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD) are now classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) under the heading of histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms. Each disease may manifest as a focal lesion, as multiple lesions, or as a widespread aggressive systemic disease with visceral organ involvement. Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare systemic disease process of adults with limited cases in children.

Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter and Undernutrition in Young Rats: An In-Depth Histopathological and Biochemical Study on Lung and Excretory Organs.

Environmental stressors, such as air particulate matter (PM) and nutrient deficiencies, can significantly impact crucial organs involved in detoxifying xenobiotics, including lungs, liver, and kidneys, especially in vulnerable populations like children. This study investigated the effect of 4-week exposure to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) on these organs in young rats under growth-restricted nutrition (NGR). We assessed histological, histomorphometric and biochemical parameters.

Increasing temperature counteracts the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation on Microcystis aeruginosa under future climate scenarios in relation to physiological processes.

Heat waves, are a major concern related to climate change, and are projected to increase in frequency and severity. This temperature rise causes thermal stratification, exposing surface-dwelling organisms to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This study aims to understand how the toxic bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa adapts to changing climatic conditions.