Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus under Antiretroviral Therapy in Northern Mexico.

Background: The effective use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the life expectancy of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, complications have shifted from opportunistic infections to issues such as drug toxicity and resistance, as well as an increase in premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These conditions are attributed to chronic immune activation and persistent inflammation caused by HIV, along with lipid abnormalities and insulin resistance.

Impact of chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors on short-term outcomes in patients with acute heart failure presenting to the emergency department. A propensity-matched analysis EAHFE cohort.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) on short-term clinical outcomes after an episode of AHF.

Methods: A secondary analysis of patients included in the EAHFE (Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency Departments) cohort, which includes patients diagnosed with AHF in 45 Spanish Emergency Departments (EDs). The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality.

Effect of early initiation of noninvasive ventilation in patients transported by emergency medical service for acute heart failure.

Background: While the indication for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in severely hypoxemic patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is often indicated and may improve clinical course, the benefit of early initiation before patient arrival to the emergency department (ED) remains unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of early initiation of NIV during emergency medical service (EMS) transportation on outcomes in patients with AHF.

Design: A secondary retrospective analysis of the EAHFE (Epidemiology of AHF in EDs) registry.

Development and Validation of a Clinical-Genetic Risk Score to Predict Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis.

Introduction: We aimed to define the impact of the genetic background on overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with liver cirrhosis by developing a combined clinical-genetic risk score.

Methods: Patients suffering from liver cirrhosis from the outpatient clinics of 4 hospitals (n = 600) were included and followed up for at least 5 years until HE bouts, liver transplant, or death. Patients were genotyped for 60 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms together with the microsatellite in the promoter region of the gene GLS.

Prognostic implications of Anemia in patients with acute heart failure in emergency departments. ANEM-AHF Study.

Introduction: The presence of anaemia leads to a worse prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). There are few data on the impact of anaemia on mortality in patients with acute heart failure (AHF), and the studies available are mainly retrospective, and include hospitalised patients.

Objective: Evaluate the role of anaemia on 30-day and 1-year mortality in patients with AHF attended in hospital emergency departments (HEDs).

Clinical validation of risk scoring systems to predict risk of delayed bleeding after EMR of large colorectal lesions.

Background And Aims: The Endoscopic Resection Group of the Spanish Society of Endoscopy (GSEED-RE) model and the Australian Colonic Endoscopic Resection (ACER) model were proposed to predict delayed bleeding (DB) after EMR of large superficial colorectal lesions, but neither has been validated. We validated and updated these models.

Methods: A multicenter cohort study was performed in patients with nonpedunculated lesions ≥20 mm removed by EMR.

Identification of Senior At Risk scale predicts 30-day mortality among older patients with acute heart failure.

Objective: To assess the value of frailty screening tool (Identification of Senior at Risk [ISAR]) in predicting 30-day mortality risk in older patients attended in emergency department (ED) for acute heart failure (AHF).

Design: Observational multicenter cohort study.

Setting: OAK-3 register.

Effects on short term outcome of non-invasive ventilation use in the emergency department to treat patients with acute heart failure: A propensity score-based analysis of the EAHFE Registry.

Objective: To assess the effects of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in emergency department (ED) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) on short term outcomes.

Methods: Patients from the EAHFE Registry (a multicenter, observational, multipurpose, cohort-designed database including consecutive AHF patients in 41 Spanish EDs) were grouped based on NIV treatment (NIV+ and NIV-groups). Using propensity score (PS) methodology, we identified two subgroups of patients matched by 38 covariates and compared regarding 30-day survival (primary outcome).

Mixed Th2 and non-Th2 inflammatory pattern in the asthma-COPD overlap: a network approach.

Introduction: The asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) is a clinical condition that combines features of those two diseases, and that is difficult to define due to the lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Determining systemic mediators may help clarify the nature of inflammation in patients with ACO.

Objectives: We aimed at investigating the role and interaction of common markers of systemic inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α), Th2-related markers (periostin, IL-5, and IL-13), and IL-17 in asthma, COPD, and ACO.

Incidence and Management of Recurrence in Patients with Crohn's Disease Who Have Undergone Intestinal Resection: The Practicrohn Study.

Background: More than 50% of patients with Crohn's disease require intestinal resection at least once. Postoperative recurrence (POR) is almost uniform if prophylactic treatment is not started early. Endoscopic monitoring is generally advised.

Th-2 signature in chronic airway diseases: towards the extinction of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome?

We aimed to describe the differences and similarities between patients with chronic obstructive airway disease classified on the basis of classical diagnostic labels (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma-COPD overlap (ACOS)) or according to the underlying inflammatory pattern (Th-2 signature, either Th-2-high or Th-2-low).We performed a cross-sectional study of patients aged ≥40 years and with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio ≤0.7 with a previous diagnosis of asthma (non-smoking asthmatics (NSA)), COPD or ACOS, the latter including both smoking asthmatics (SA) and patients with eosinophilic COPD (COPD-e).

Challenges in Oral Lipid-lowering Therapy: Position Document of the Spanish Society of Cardiology.

Lipid-lowering therapy is one of the cornerstones of cardiovascular prevention and is one of the most effective strategies in the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. Nevertheless, the current treatment of lipid disorders, together with lifestyle changes, fails to achieve the targets recommended in clinical guidelines in a substantial proportion of patients. PCSK9 inhibitors have demonstrated safety and efficacy in the treatment of dyslipidemia.

miR-208b upregulation interferes with calcium handling in HL-1 atrial myocytes: Implications in human chronic atrial fibrillation.

MicroRNAs (miR) have considerable potential as therapeutic tools in cardiac diseases. Alterations in atrial miR are involved in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the molecular mechanism underlying their contribution to atrial remodeling in chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) is only partially understood. Here we used miR array to analyze the miR profile of atrial biopsies from sinus rhythm (SR) and CAF patients.

A Scoring System to Determine Risk of Delayed Bleeding After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Large Colorectal Lesions.

Background & Aims: After endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of colorectal lesions, delayed bleeding is the most common serious complication, but there are no guidelines for its prevention. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with delayed bleeding that required medical attention after discharge until day 15 and develop a scoring system to identify patients at risk.

Methods: We performed a prospective study of 1214 consecutive patients with nonpedunculated colorectal lesions 20 mm or larger treated by EMR (n = 1255) at 23 hospitals in Spain, from February 2013 through February 2015.

Antiproliferative effects of lanreotide autogel in patients with progressive, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours: a Spanish, multicentre, open-label, single arm phase II study.

Background: Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) are indicated to relieve carcinoid syndrome but seem to have antiproliferative effects on neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). This is the first prospective study investigating tumour stabilisation with the long-acting SSA lanreotide Autogel in patients with progressive NETs.

Methods: This was a multicentre, open-label, phase II trial conducted in 17 Spanish specialist centres.

Nodules on the tongue in an HIV-positive patient.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Epidemiological studies show that rates have increased dramatically in recent y, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients. Although lesions most frequently develop on the genital area, they are presently frequently detected in the oral cavity.

Pharmacokinetics of dexketoprofen trometamol in healthy volunteers after single and repeated oral doses.

The pharmacokinetics of dexketoprofen trometamol were evaluated in two studies using healthy volunteers. In the first study, the relative bioavailability of a single oral capsule of dexketoprofen free acid 25 mg or dexketoprofen trometamol 25 mg (given as 37 mg of the trometamol salt) was compared to ketoprofen 50 mg in 18 healthy volunteers. In the second study, the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of oral dexketoprofen trometamol in tablet form were evaluated after either a single 25 mg dose (24 volunteers) or a repeated dose of 25 mg twice daily for 7 days (12 volunteers).

Pharmacokinetics of Dexketoprofen Trometamol in Healthy Volunteers After Single and Repeated Oral Doses.

The pharmacokinetics of dexketoprofen trometamol were evaluated in two studies using healthy volunteers. In the first study, the relative bioavailability of a single oral capsule of dexketoprofen free acid 25 mg or dexketoprofen trometamol 25 mg (given as 37 mg of the trometamol salt) was compared to ketoprofen 50 mg in 18 healthy volunteers. In the second study, the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of oral dexketoprofen trometamol in tablet form were evaluated after either a single 25 mg dose (24 volunteers) or a repeated dose of 25 mg twice daily for 7 days (12 volunteers).

Francisco Romero, the first heart surgeon.

Francisco Romero, a Catalonian physician, became the first heart surgeon when he performed an open pericardiostomy to treat a pericardial effusion in 1801. He presented his work at the Society of the School of Medicine in Paris in 1815, but the procedure was considered too aggressive and his work was silenced for many years. Proper credit should be given to Romero as the first man who directly approached the heart by incising the pericardium.