Malnutrition is Associated with Delayed Sputum Culture Conversion Among Patients Treated for MDR-TB.

Background: Clinicians use sputum culture conversion as an interim indicator of the efficacy of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment and to determine treatment duration. Yet, limited studies have been published in Ethiopia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of delayed culture conversion among patients receiving MDR-TB treatment at selected treatment centers in Ethiopia.

Level of Community Readiness for the Prevention of COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Factors Among Residents of Awi Zone, Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Novel coronavirus 19 is a contagious disease that affects all most all countries of the world and puts the world in great challenge. Even though, there is a limited testing capacity in Africa the number of cases and deaths is progressively increased. This catastrophic case has a great impact in Africa unless preventive measures are effectively undertaken.

Factors and outcomes associated with the induction of labor in referral hospitals of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia: a multicenter study.

Background: Induction of labor is an artificial initiation of uterine contractions after fetal viability with the aim of vaginal delivery prior to the onset of spontaneous labor. Prevalence of induction of labor is increasing worldwide with subsequent increase in failure rate. However, there is limited evidence on labor induction in Ethiopia.

Knowledge of Preconception Healthcare and Associated Factors: A Study among Mothers in Jinka Town, Southern Region, Ethiopia.

Background: Preconception healthcare is promising to improve the reproductive health status of women and couples if they receive care three months to two years before conception. In the current context of Ethiopia, however, preconception healthcare is overlooked in the continuum of care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of preconception healthcare and associated factors: a study among mothers in Jinka town, southern region, Ethiopia.

Comparison of an integrated short-cut biological nitrogen removal process with magnetic coagulation treating swine wastewater and food waste digestate.

An integration of two processes, magnetic coagulation (MC) and short-cut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR), coupled with a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SMBR) controlled by an automatic real-time control strategy (RTC), was developed to treat different characteristics of high strength wastewater. The treatment efficiency and microbial community-diversity of the proposed method was evaluated and investigated using swine wastewater and food waste (FW) digestate. The MC showed high removal of TSS (89.

Respectful focused antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women who visit Shashemene town public hospitals, Oromia region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Focused antenatal care is the most significant and inclusive care given to pregnant women to promote and maintain the optimal health of the mother and the fetus. Providing respectful care during focused antenatal care is believed to be the most important cost-effective interventions to increase maternity service utilization. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess respectful focused antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women who visit Shashemene town public hospitals, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2019.

Obstructed labor and its association with adverse feto-maternal outcome in Ethiopia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Obstructed labor accounted for 22% of obstetrical complications and 9% of all maternal deaths in low- and middle-income countries. Even though there are separate studies regarding obstructed labor and its complication in Ethiopia, their results are inconsistent. The objectives of this review will be to estimate the pooled the prevalence of obstructed labor and to identify adverse feto-maternal outcomes associated with obstructed labor in Ethiopia.

Individual and Obstetric Risk Factors of Preeclampsia among Singleton Pregnancy in Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia.

Background: Preeclampsia is the second most common problem that causes maternal morbidity and complication in low-income countries. In contrast to death due to other direct causes, preeclampsia-related death is appeared to be connected with multiple factors; yet, factors have paucity and are limited. Considering the clinical significance, this study aimed to identify that individual and obstetric factors of preeclampsia can be an input for disease identification involving clinicians in southern Ethiopia.

Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and lipid profile status among women using progestin-only contraceptives: comparative cross-sectional study.

Background: The major types of hormonal contraception used currently in Ethiopia are progestogen-only. This study aimed to assess the differences in anthropometry indices, blood pressure, and lipid profile among women using progestin-only contraceptives in selected health facilities of Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: A facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age using Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and implant in selected health facilities from April 11 to May 11, 2019.

"I was raped by the broker on the first day of my arrival in the town." Exploring reasons for risky sexual behavior among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants in Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Background: Studies revealed that internal migrants are one of the most vulnerable groups for poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services. Risky sexual behavior (RSB) is a threat to public health and might lead to serious health problems such as unintended pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. The reported prevalence of RSB among young female internal migrants in Ethiopia was as high as 70.

Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants working in Burayu Town, Ethiopia.

Background: Young female internal migrants are highly vulnerable to risky sexual behaviors (RSB) which may result in serious health problems such as unintended pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. RSB includes early sexual debut (before 18 years), having multiple sexual partners, sex without a condom or inconsistent use of condom and sex under the influence of substance use. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and the factors associated with RSB among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants in Burayu Town, Ethiopia.

Determinants of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women attending perinatal care in hospitals of the Omo district, Southern Ethiopia.

Pre-eclampsia is estimated to cause 70 000 maternal death globally every year, with the majority of deaths in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, pre-eclampsia causes 16% of direct maternal deaths. Despite the high burden of disease, pre-eclampsia remains poorly studied in low and middle-income countries.

Adequate vitamin A rich food consumption and associated factors among lactating mothers visiting child immunization and post-natal clinic at health institutions in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is highly prevalent in low-income countries and is a major public health problem worldwide. Lactating mothers are the most vulnerable population group to vitamin A deficiency. Despite this, there is limited study on vitamin A-rich food consumption by lactating mothers in Ethiopia.

Perforated Peptic Ulcer Disease in a Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Five Year Retrospective Study.

Background: Peptic ulcer perforation is one of the two major acute complications of peptic ulcer disease with significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods: Institution based retrospective review was done to determine patient presentation, management and postoperative complications of perforated peptic ulcer disease (PPUD) at a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patients operated on from January 2013 to December 2017 were included.

Family history of chronic illness, preterm gestational age and smoking exposure before pregnancy increases the probability of preeclampsia in Omo district in southern Ethiopia: a case-control study.

Background: Preeclampsia is a complex syndrome that is considered a disorder specific to pregnancy. However, research indicates that diffuse maternal endothelial damage may persist after childbirth. On the other hand, women who had a history of pre-eclampsia are at an increased risk of vascular disease.

Partograph Utilization and Associated Factors among Obstetric Care Providers at Public Health Facilities in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Background: A partograph is a graphic representation of labor which is used by health professionals for monitoring labor progress and fetal and maternal wellbeing. However, its utilization and associated factors have not been studied yet in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine partograph utilization and associated factors among obstetric care providers at public health facilities in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Utilization of Family Planning Methods and Associated Factors Among Reproductive-Age Women with Disability in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia.

Introduction: Globally in 2019, there were 1.9 billion reproductive-age women. Around 922 million of them were using either modern or traditional methods of family planning.

Characteristics and outcome of traumatic chest injury patients visited a specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A one-year retrospective study.

Purpose: Injury continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Globally, it is responsible for approximately 5.8 million deaths per year and 91% of these deaths occur in developing countries.

Utility of urine as a clinical specimen for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Tuberculosis is a common cause of mortality and morbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the increased prognosis of tuberculosis among HIV infected patients, diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) smear microscopy has a low sensitivity due to low bacterial load in a sputum specimen of HIV patients. Having alternative specimens for increasing detection of is very important.

Assessment of cervical cancer services and cervical cancer related knowledge of health service providers in public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objective: To assess cervical cancer services and knowledge of health service providers in public health facilities.

Result: Two of the three hospitals had cervical cancer screening services. One-third of the hospital had cervical cancer diagnosis service punch biopsy and cervical cancer treatment.

A cross sectional comparison of drug use indicators using WHO methodology in primary level hospitals participating in an Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions and Services program versus non-APTS primary hospitals in Southern Ethiopia.

Introduction: Ethiopian pharmaceutical sector has been facing inaccessibility and unaffordability to key essential medicines due to medicines diversion from the public to private health care facilities, lack of transparency, poor inventory management, and poor dispensing workflow. In an effort to improve the pharmaceutical sector, the government of Ethiopia in 2011 introduced Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions and Services program. This study intended to compare drug use indicators in auditable and non-auditable primary level hospitals.

Practice and factors associated with active management of third stage of labor among obstetric care providers in Amhara region referral hospitals, North Ethiopia, 2018: A cross sectional study.

Background: Active management of third stage of labor is the most indispensable intervention to avert post-partum hemorrhage which is one of the typical causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess practice and factors associated with active management of third stage of labor among obstetric care providers in referral hospitals.

Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 1-30, 2018.

Levels of option B+ ART drugs adherence and associated factors among pregnant women following ART services at public health facilities of East Shawa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Background: Anti-retroviral therapy has led to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality related to HIV/AIDS. However, this cannot be fully realized without addressing the barriers related to retention in care and medication adherence.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was implemented to select 293 pregnant women on option B+ anti-retroviral treatment (ART).

Short-course primaquine for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial.

Background: Primaquine is the only widely used drug that prevents Plasmodium vivax malaria relapses, but adherence to the standard 14-day regimen is poor. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a shorter course (7 days) of primaquine for radical cure of vivax malaria.

Methods: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial in eight health-care clinics (two each in Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Vietnam).

Cytotoxic, larvicidal, nematicidal, and antifeedant activities of piperidin-connected 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives.

The objective of this study was to investigate brine shrimp cytotoxicity, larvicidal, nematicidal, and antifeedant activities of novel piperidin-connected 2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one derivatives. The activities of target compounds were compared with some naturally occurring (-)-pinidinol, hydantocidin, and positive controls. Target compounds were synthesized via cyclocondensation method.